{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T06:17:10Z","timestamp":1768889830902,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40292-019-00353-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T18:02:57Z","timestamp":1575396177000},"page":"535-544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Antihypertensive Prescribing Pattern in Older Adults: Implications of Age and the Use of Dual Single-Pill Combinations"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Khalid A. J.","family":"Al Khaja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sindhan","family":"Veeramuthu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasin I.","family":"Tayem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kannan","family":"Sridharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reginald P.","family":"Sequeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9455","key":"353_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17741-1","volume":"365","author":"PM Kearney","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet. 2005;365(9455):217\u201323.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"353_CR2","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2011) Morbidity and mortality weekly report (MMWR). Vital signs: prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension\u2014United States, 1999\u20132002 and 2005\u20132008. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/mm6004a4.htm. Accessed 25 Aug 2019."},{"issue":"5","key":"353_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.284427","volume":"311","author":"PA James","year":"2014","unstructured":"James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014;311(5):507\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2013.284427.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"20","key":"353_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr177","volume":"32","author":"PS Sever","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sever PS, Messerli FH. Hypertension management 2011: optimal combination therapy. Eur Heart J. 2011;32(20):2499\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr177.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"353_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2010.03.001","volume":"4","author":"AH Gradman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gradman AH, Basile JN, Carter BL, et al. Combination therapy in hypertension. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2010;4(2):90\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jash.2010.03.001.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Hypertens."},{"issue":"3","key":"353_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.09.038","volume":"122","author":"DS Wald","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wald DS, Law M, Morris JK, Bestwick JP, Wald NJ. Combination therapy versus monotherapy in reducing blood pressure: meta-analysis on 11,000 participants from 42 trials. Am J Med. 2009;122(3):290\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.09.038.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"353_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.201566","volume":"61","author":"AH Gradman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gradman AH, Paris\u00e9 H, Lefebvre P, Falvey H, Lafeuille MH, Duh MS. Initial combination therapy reduces the risk of cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients: a matched cohort study. Hypertension. 2013;61(2):309\u201318.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"5","key":"353_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3109\/10641960903265212","volume":"32","author":"R Fogari","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fogari R, Zoppi A, Ferrari I, Mugellini A, Preti P, Derosa G. Time to achieve blood pressure goal with a combination versus a conventional monotherapy approach in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2010;32(5):245\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/10641960903265212.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Hypertens"},{"issue":"12","key":"353_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2017.03.005","volume":"33","author":"AA Leung","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leung AA, Daskalopoulou SS, Dasgupta K, et al. Hypertension Canada\u2019s 2017 guidelines for diagnosis, risk assessment, prevention, and treatment of hypertension in adults. Can J Cardiol. 2017;33(12):1733\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2017.03.005.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"33","key":"353_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy339","volume":"39","author":"B Williams","year":"2018","unstructured":"Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, et al. 2018 ESC\/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(33):3021\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy339.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"7","key":"353_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313294","volume":"124","author":"Giuseppe Mancia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mancia G, Rea F, Corrao G, Grassi G. Two-drug combinations as first-step antihypertensive treatment. Circ Res. 2019; 29;124(7):1113\u20131123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circresaha.118.313294.","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"353_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1177\/1715163513500208","volume":"146","author":"B Farrell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Farrell B, French Merkley V, Ingar N. Reducing pill burden and helping with medication awareness to improve adherence. Can Pharm J (Ott). 2013;146(5):262\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1715163513500208.","journal-title":"Can Pharm J (Ott)."},{"issue":"3","key":"353_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2018-313492","volume":"105","author":"F Moriarty","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moriarty F, Bennett K, Fahey T. Fixed-dose combination antihypertensives and risk of medication errors. Heart. 2019;105(3):204\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/heartjnl-2018-313492.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"353_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.006","volume":"71","author":"PK Whelton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC\/AHA\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/AGS\/APhA\/ASH\/ASPC\/NMA\/PCNA Guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71:e127\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.006.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"353_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12237","volume":"16","author":"MA Weber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Weber MA, Schiffrin EL, White WB, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of hypertension in the community: a statement by the American Society of Hypertension and the International Society of Hypertension. J Clin Hypertens. 2014;16(1):14\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jch.12237.","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens."},{"issue":"6","key":"353_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-1785","volume":"166","author":"A Qaseem","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qaseem A, Wilt TJ, Rich R, et al. Pharmacologic treatment of hypertension in adults aged 60 years or older to higher versus lower blood pressure targets: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Academy of Family Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2017;166(6):430\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M16-1785.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"28","key":"353_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht151","volume":"34","author":"G Mancia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, et al. 2013 ESH\/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2013;34(28):2159\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht151.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"353_CR18","unstructured":"NICE. Hypertension in adults: diagnosis and management. Clinical guideline [CG127]. Updated 2016. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg127. Accessed 25 Aug 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"353_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2710.2001.00324.x","volume":"26","author":"KAJ Al Khaja","year":"2001","unstructured":"Al Khaja KAJ, Sequeira RP, Mathur VS. Rational pharmacotherapy of hypertension in the elderly: analysis of the choice and dosage of drugs. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2001;26(1):33\u201342.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"353_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Annual Statistical Yearbook 2015, Issue No. 2, August 2017.","DOI":"10.5089\/9781498346191.007"},{"issue":"990","key":"353_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2007.062547","volume":"84","author":"KA Al Khaja","year":"2008","unstructured":"Al Khaja KA, Sequeira RP, Al-Ansari TM, Damanhori AH. Prescription writing skills of residents in a family practice residency programme in Bahrain. Postgrad Med J. 2008;84(990):198\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pgmj.2007.062547.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"8","key":"353_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2017.5","volume":"31","author":"R D\u00fcsing","year":"2017","unstructured":"D\u00fcsing R, Waeber B, Destro M, Santos Maia C, Brunel P. Triple-combination therapy in the treatment of hypertension: a review of the evidence. J Hum Hypertens. 2017;31(8):501\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jhh.2017.5.","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"issue":"4","key":"353_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13240","volume":"20","author":"P Bramlage","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bramlage P, Schmidt S, Sims H. Fixed-dose vs free-dose combinations for the management of hypertension-An analysis of 81958 patients. J Clin Hypertens. 2018;20(4):705\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jch.13240.","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens."},{"issue":"6","key":"353_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002584","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002584","volume":"15","author":"AA Verma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Verma AA, Khuu W, Tadrous M, Gomes T, Mamdani MM. Fixed-dose combination antihypertensive medications, adherence, and clinical outcomes: a population-based retrospective cohort study. PLoS Med. 2018;15(6):e1002584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002584.","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"353_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcl109","volume":"99","author":"DA Gorard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gorard DA. Escalating polypharmacy. QJM. 2006;99(11):797\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/qjmed\/hcl109.","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"1","key":"353_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199448010-00003","volume":"48","author":"Domenic A. Sica","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sica DA. Fixed-dose combination antihypertensive drugs. Do they have a role in rational therapy? Drugs. 1994;48(1):16\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00003495-199448010-00003.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"353_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(98)00060-0","volume":"11","author":"M Moser","year":"1998","unstructured":"Moser M, Black HR. The role of combination therapy in the treatment of hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 1998;11(6 Pt 2):73S\u201378S (discussion 95S\u2013100S). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0895-7061(98)00060-0.","journal-title":"American Journal of Hypertension"},{"issue":"6","key":"353_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.5414\/cpp43294","volume":"43","author":"KA Al Khaja","year":"2005","unstructured":"Al Khaja KA, Al-Ansari TM, Sequeira RP. An evaluation of prescribing errors in primary care in Bahrain. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005;43(6):294\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5414\/cpp43294.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"353_CR29","unstructured":"Guideline for management of hypertension in primary care settings and outpatient clinics in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Kingdom of Bahrain, Ministry of Health, November 2014."},{"issue":"1","key":"353_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.131300","volume":"54","author":"DA Calhoun","year":"2009","unstructured":"Calhoun DA, Lacourci\u00e8re Y, Chiang YT, Glazer RD. Triple antihypertensive therapy with amlodipine, valsartan, and hydrochlorothiazide: a randomized clinical trial. Hypertension. 2009;54(1):32\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.131300.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"6","key":"353_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2011.11.2492","volume":"123","author":"SG Chrysant","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chrysant SG. Single-pill triple-combination therapy: an alternative to multiple-drug treatment of hypertension. Postgrad Med. 2011;123(6):21\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3810\/pgm.2011.11.2492.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"9311","key":"353_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08089-3","volume":"359","author":"B Dahl\u00f6f","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dahl\u00f6f B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet. 2002;359(9311):995\u20131003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08089-3.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9489","key":"353_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67185-1","volume":"366","author":"B Dahl\u00f6f","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dahl\u00f6f B, Sever PS, Poulter NR, et al. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366(9489):895\u2013906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67185-1.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"353_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2016.11.007","volume":"11","author":"SJ Mann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mann SJ. Redefining beta-blocker use in hypertension: selecting the right beta-blocker and the right patient. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2017;11(1):54\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jash.2016.11.007.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Hypertens."},{"issue":"10","key":"353_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1C430","volume":"37","author":"KA Al Khaja","year":"2003","unstructured":"Al Khaja KA, Sequeira RP, Damanhori AH. Treatment of hypertension in Bahrain. Ann Pharmacother. 2003;37(10):1511\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1345\/aph.1C430.","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"353_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55S","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02983.x","volume":"22","author":"B Westerholm","year":"1986","unstructured":"Westerholm B. Therapeutic auditing at the national and international level. Br J Clin Pharmac. 1986;22(Suppl 1):55S\u20139S.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmac."},{"issue":"19","key":"353_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.06.034","volume":"56","author":"JC Jentzer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jentzer JC, DeWald TA, Hernandez AF. Combination of loop diuretics with thiazide-type diuretics in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56(19):1527\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.06.034.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40292-019-00353-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40292-019-00353-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40292-019-00353-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T00:50:52Z","timestamp":1606870252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40292-019-00353-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40292-019-00353-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-9879","1179-1985"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-9879","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-1985","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 August 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Research & Ethics Committee of the College of Medicine & Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, and the Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Since this study is observationally based on prescription analyses, informed consent is not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}