{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:30:06Z","timestamp":1790739006684,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009448","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009448","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s40292-025-00705-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T05:15:11Z","timestamp":1739942111000},"page":"199-208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Discrepancies Between Physician-Perceived and Calculated Cardiovascular Risk in Primary Prevention: Implications for LDL-C Target Achievement and Appropriate Lipid-Lowering Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4435-1235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Cesaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1196-7582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Acerbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Scialla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrica","family":"Golia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Concilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianmaria","family":"Scherillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianantonio","family":"De Michele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"de Sio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Capolongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Di Donato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Monaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Sperlongano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Ruggiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6943-278X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felice","family":"Gragnano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Moscarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmine","family":"Riccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5018-830X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Calabr\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2021","key":"705_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab484","volume":"42","author":"FLJ Visseren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Visseren FLJ, MacH F, Smulders YM, Carballo D, Koskinas KC, B\u00e4ck M, Benetos A, Biffi A, Boavida JM, Capodanno D, Cosyns B, Crawford C, Davos CH, Desormais I, DI Angelantonio E, Franco OH, Halvorsen S, Hobbs FDR, Hollander M, Jankowska EA, Michal M, Sacco S, Sattar N, Tokgozoglu L, Tonstad S, Tsioufis KP, et al. ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(2021):3227\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab484.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"705_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2014.05.007","volume":"30","author":"LA McDonnell","year":"2014","unstructured":"McDonnell LA, Pipe AL, Westcott C, Perron S, Younger-Lewis D, Elias N, Nooyen J, Reid RD. Perceived vs actual knowledge and risk of heart disease in women: findings from a canadian survey on heart health awareness, attitudes, and lifestyle. Can J Cardiol. 2014;30:827\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2014.05.007.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"705_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.01.418","volume":"113","author":"JW McEvoy","year":"2014","unstructured":"McEvoy JW, Diamond GA, Detrano RC, Kaul S, Blaha MJ, Blumenthal RS, Jones SR. Risk and the physics of clinical prediction. Am J Cardiol. 2014;113:1429\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.01.418.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"705_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvaa106","volume":"8","author":"F Gragnano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gragnano F, Heg D, Franzone A, McFadden EP, Leonardi S, Piccolo R, Vranckx P, Branca M, Serruys PW, Benit E, Liebetrau C, Janssens L, Ferrario M, Zurakowski A, Diletti R, Dominici M, Huber K, Slagboom T, Buszman P, Bolognese L, Tumscitz C, Bryniarski K, Aminian A, Vrolix M, Petrov I, Garg S, Naber C, Prokopczuk J, Hamm C, Steg PG, J\u00fcni P, Windecker S, Valgimigli M. PRECISE-DAPT score for bleeding risk prediction in patients on dual or single antiplatelet regimens: insights from the GLOBAL LEADERS and GLASSY. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2022;8:28\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvaa106.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother"},{"key":"705_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab309","volume":"42","author":"S Hageman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hageman S, Pennells L, Ojeda F, Kaptoge S, Kuulasmaa K, et al. SCORE2 risk prediction algorithms: new models to estimate 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in Europe. Eur Heart J. 2021;42:2439\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab309.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"705_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab312","volume":"42","author":"TI de Vries","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Vries TI, Cooney MT, Selmer RM, Hageman SHJ, Pennells LA, Wood A, et al. SCORE2-OP risk prediction algorithms: estimating incident cardiovascular event risk in older persons in four geographical risk regions. Eur Heart J. 2021;42:2455\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab312.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"705_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487315588390","volume":"23","author":"MT Cooney","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cooney MT, Selmer R, Lindman A, Tverdal A, Menotti A, Thomsen T, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, Tell GS, Njolstad I, Graham IM. Cardiovascular risk estimation in older persons: SCORE O.P. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016;23:1093\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2047487315588390.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"2014","key":"705_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.005","volume":"63","author":"DC Goff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goff DC, Lloyd-Jones DM, Bennett G, Coady S, D\u2019Agostino RB, Gibbons R, Greenland P, Lackland DT, Levy D, O\u2019Donnell CJ, Robinson JG, Schwartz JS, Shero ST, Smith SC, Sorlie P, Stone NJ, Wilson PWF. ACC\/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;63(2014):2935\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.005.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"705_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"9. O. Csenteri, Z. Jancs\u00f3, G.J. Sz\u00f6ll\u00f6si, P. Andr\u00e9ka, P. Vajer, Differences of cardiovascular risk assessment in clinical practice using SCORE and SCORE2, Open Heart 9 (2022) e002087. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/openhrt-2022-002087.","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2022-002087."},{"key":"705_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s41235-023-00497-8","volume":"8","author":"ZA Caddick","year":"2023","unstructured":"Caddick ZA, Fraundorf SH, Rottman BM, Nokes-Malach TJ. Cognitive perspectives on maintaining physicians\u2019 medical expertise: II.\u00a0Acquiring, maintaining, and updating cognitive skills. Cogn Res Princ Implic. 2023;8:47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41235-023-00497-8.","journal-title":"Cogn Res Princ Implic"},{"key":"705_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Van den Brink N, Holbrechts B, Brand PLP, Stolper ECF, Van Royen P. Role of intuitive knowledge in the diagnostic reasoning of hospital specialists: a focus group study. BMJ Open. 2019;9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022724.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022724"},{"key":"705_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tsiga E, Panagopoulou E, Sevdalis N, Montgomery A, Benos A. The influence of time pressure on adherence to guidelines in primary care: an experimental study. BMJ Open. 2013;3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002700.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002700"},{"key":"705_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvab019","volume":"20","author":"\u00c5 Grauman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grauman \u00c5, Veldwijk J, James S, Hansson M, Byberg L. Good general health and lack of family history influence the underestimation of cardiovascular risk: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2021;20:676\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvab019.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"705_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"14. Navar AM, Wang TY, Li S, Mi X, Li Z, Robinson JG, Virani SS, Peterson ED, Patient-perceived versus actual risk of cardiovascular disease and associated willingness to consider and use prevention therapy. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.120.006548.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.120.006548."},{"key":"705_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz455","volume":"41","author":"F Mach","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, Koskinas KC, Casula M, Badimon L, Chapman MJ, De Backer GG, Delgado V, Ference BA, Graham IM, Halliday A, Landmesser U, Mihaylova B, Pedersen TR, Riccardi G, Richter DJ, Sabatine MS, Taskinen M-R, Tokgozoglu L, Wiklund O. ESC Scientific Document Group, 2019 ESC\/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J. 2020;41:111\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz455.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"705_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr080","volume":"32","author":"JR Banegas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Banegas JR, Lopez-Garcia E, Dallongeville J, Guallar E, Halcox JP, Borghi C, Masso-Gonzalez EL, Jimenez FJ, Perk J, Steg PG, De Backer G, Rodriguez-Artalejo F. Achievement of treatment goals for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice across Europe: the EURIKA study. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:2143\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr080.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"705_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487320908698","volume":"28","author":"K Kotseva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kotseva K, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, Ryd\u00e9n L, Hoes A, Grobbee D, Maggioni A, Marques-Vidal P, Jennings C, Abreu A, Aguiar C, Badariene J, Bruthans J, Cifkova R, Davletov K, Dilic M, Dolzhenko M, Gaita D, Gotcheva N, Hasan-Ali H, Jankowski P, Lionis C, Mancas S, Mili\u0107i\u0107 D, Mirrakhimov E, Oganov R, Pogosova N, Reiner \u017d, Vuli\u0107 D, Wood D. Primary prevention efforts are poorly developed in people at high cardiovascular risk: a report from the European Society of Cardiology EURObservational Research Programme EUROASPIRE V survey in 16 European countries. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2021;28:370\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2047487320908698.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"705_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319846715","volume":"26","author":"X Rossello","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rossello X, Dorresteijn JA, Janssen A, Lambrinou E, Scherrenberg M, Bonnefoy-Cudraz E, Cobain M, Piepoli MF, Visseren FL, Dendale P. This paper is a co-publication betw, risk prediction tools in cardiovascular disease prevention: A report from the ESC Prevention of CVD Programme led by the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) in collaboration with the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association (ACCA) and the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions (ACNAP). Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019;26:1534\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2047487319846715.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"705_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s40292-023-00605-1","volume":"30","author":"M Landolfo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Landolfo M, Allevi M, Spannella F, Giulietti F, Gezzi A, Sarzani R. Cardiovascular risk assessment and control in outpatients evaluated by 24-hour Ambulatory blood pressure and different LDL-C equations. High Blood Pressure Cardiovasc Prevent. 2023;30:551\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40292-023-00605-1.","journal-title":"High Blood Pressure Cardiovasc Prevent"},{"key":"705_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-017-0661-2","volume":"19","author":"B Lacey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lacey B, Herrington WG, Preiss D, Lewington S, Armitage J. The role of emerging risk factors in cardiovascular outcomes. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2017;19:28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11883-017-0661-2.","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"705_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0000000000001077","volume":"22","author":"A Cesaro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cesaro A, Schiavo A, Moscarella E, Coletta S, Conte M, Gragnano F, Fimiani F, Monda E, Caiazza M, Limongelli G, D\u2019Erasmo L, Riccio C, Arca M, Calabr\u00f2 P. Lipoprotein(a): a genetic marker for cardiovascular disease and target for emerging therapies. J Cardiovasc Med. 2021;22:151\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2459\/JCM.0000000000001077.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"705_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187735","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1187735","volume":"10","author":"A Cesaro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cesaro A, DeMichele G, Fimiani F, Acerbo V, Scherillo G, Signore G, Rotolo FP, Scialla F, Raucci G, Panico D, Gragnano F, Moscarella E, Scudiero O, Mennitti C, Calabr\u00f2 P. Visceral adipose tissue and residual cardiovascular risk: a pathological link and new therapeutic options. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1187735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1187735.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"}],"container-title":["High Blood Pressure &amp; Cardiovascular Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40292-025-00705-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40292-025-00705-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40292-025-00705-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,9]],"date-time":"2025-03-09T06:19:19Z","timestamp":1741501159000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40292-025-00705-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40292-025-00705-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1179-1985"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1179-1985","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors declare no conflict of interest. The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The figures are created in","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and animal rights"}}]}}