{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T13:39:31Z","timestamp":1781789971077,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s40292-025-00771-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T09:28:54Z","timestamp":1766050134000},"page":"217-225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessment of Triglyceride\/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Triglyceride-Glucose Index Threshold in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation of Clinical Features and Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Assanto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Brigato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Gammaitoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Pellicano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Rosato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Iannazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Muscaritoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Cianci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2015-765X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonietta","family":"Gigante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"771_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018","author":"ES Paul","year":"2024","unstructured":"Paul ES, Sofia BAKDIGO. Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018.","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"771_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3","author":"B Boris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boris B, Caroline AP. Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"771_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0735-1097(02)02663-3","author":"G Manjunath","year":"2003","unstructured":"Manjunath G, Tighiouart H. Level of kidney function as a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular outcomes in the community. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0735-1097(02)02663-3.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"771_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.01.002","author":"KL Johansen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Johansen KL, Chertow GM. US Renal Data System 2020 annual data report: epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.01.002.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"771_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60674-5","author":"K Matsushita","year":"2010","unstructured":"Matsushita K. Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: a collaborative meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60674-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"771_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-022-00616-6","author":"K Matsushita","year":"2022","unstructured":"Matsushita K, Ballew SH. Epidemiology and risk of cardiovascular disease in populations with chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41581-022-00616-6.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"771_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-025-01290-2","author":"P Theofilis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Theofilis P, Vlachakis PK. Managing dyslipidemia in chronic kidney disease: implications for cardiovascular and renal risk. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11883-025-01290-2.","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"771_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-018-0072-9","author":"CJ Ferro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ferro CJ, Mark PB. Lipid management in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41581-018-0072-9.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"771_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-025-02440-w","author":"E Russo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Russo E, Viazzi F. Predictive value of TG\/HDL-C and GFR-adjusted uric acid levels on cardiovascular mortality: the URRAH study. Lipids Health Dis. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-025-02440-w.","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"771_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-015-0031-4","author":"A Sonmez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sonmez A, Yilmaz MI. The role of plasma triglyceride\/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio to predict cardiovascular outcomes in chronic kidney disease. Lipids Health Dis. 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-015-0031-4.","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"771_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13050929","author":"CE Kosmas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kosmas CE, Rodriguez Polanco S. The triglyceride\/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG\/HDL-C) ratio as a risk marker for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Diagnostics. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13050929.","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"771_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae170","author":"L D\u2019Elia","year":"2025","unstructured":"D\u2019Elia L, Masulli M. Triglyceride-glucose index and mortality in a large regional-based Italian database (URRAH project). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae170.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"771_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2102953","author":"LA Inker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Inker LA, Eneanya ND. New creatinine- and cystatin C-based equations to estimate GFR without race. N Engl J Med. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2102953.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"771_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2025.119146","author":"D Tramontano","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tramontano D, D\u2019Erasmo L. The vicious circle of chronic kidney disease and hypertriglyceridemia: what is first, the hen or the egg? Atherosclerosis. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2025.119146.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"771_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz455","author":"F Mach","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mach F, Baigent C. 2019 ESC\/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz455.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"771_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Virani SS, Morris PB. 2021 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on the management of ASCVD risk reduction in patients with persistent hypertriglyceridemia: A report of the American college of cardiology solution set oversight committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.06.011.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.06.011"},{"key":"771_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.030319","author":"V Tikhonoff","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tikhonoff V, Casiglia E. Prognostic value and relative cutoffs of triglycerides predicting cardiovascular outcome in a large regional-based Italian database. J Am Heart Assoc. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.123.030319.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"771_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000323895","author":"HT Kang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kang HT, Shim JY. Association between the ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and chronic kidney disease in Korean adults: the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000323895.","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"771_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.7326\/M13-2453","volume":"160","author":"M Tonelli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tonelli M, Wanner C, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Lipid Guideline Development Work Group Members. Lipid management in chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes 2013 clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160(3):182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M13-2453.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"771_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2012.27.12.1524","author":"JY Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim JY, Kang HT. Comparison of lipid-related ratios for prediction of chronic kidney disease stage 3 or more in Korean adults. J Korean Med Sci. 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2012.27.12.1524.","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"771_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12071493","author":"P Baneu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baneu P, Vacarescu C. The triglyceride\/HDL ratio as a surrogate biomarker for insulin resistance. Biomedicines. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines12071493.","journal-title":"Biomedicines."},{"key":"771_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3182160726","author":"M Miller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miller M, Stone NJ. Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3182160726.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"771_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-7-4","author":"C Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li C, Ford ES. Does the association of the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with fasting serum insulin differ by race\/ethnicity? Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-2840-7-4.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"771_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathophysiology29030029","author":"HH Nguyen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nguyen HH, Tran HH. TG\/HDL-C ratio is a risk factor associated with CKD: use in assessing the risk of progression of CKD. Pathophysiology. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathophysiology29030029.","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"key":"771_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01507-7","author":"R Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang R, Wang Z. Prognostic value of triglyceride glucose (TyG) index in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-022-01507-7.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"771_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2024.2432547","author":"S Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu S, Chen X. Triglyceride glucose index: a significant prognostic marker of heart failure in patients with chronic kidney disease. Ren Fail. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0886022X.2024.2432547.","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"771_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01898.x","author":"AR Tall","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tall AR. Cholesterol efflux pathways and other potential mechanisms involved in the athero-protective effect of high density lipoproteins. J Intern Med. 2008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01898.x.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"771_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2025.104262","author":"G Gammaitoni","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gammaitoni G, Nardozi P. Comment on \u201cUric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in association with adverse health outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.numecd.2025.104262.","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"771_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025678","author":"AV Khera","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khera AV, Demler OV. Cholesterol efflux capacity, high-density lipoprotein particle number, and incident cardiovascular events: an analysis from the JUPITER trial (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin). Circulation. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025678.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"771_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.27384","author":"T Quaschning","year":"2001","unstructured":"Quaschning T, Krane V. Abnormalities in uremic lipoprotein metabolism and its impact on cardiovascular disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/ajkd.2001.27384.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"771_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010111144","author":"M Holzer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Holzer M, Birner-Gruenberger R. Uremia alters HDL composition and function. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2010111144.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"771_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.0000000000000064","author":"W McCallum","year":"2023","unstructured":"McCallum W, Sarnak MJ. Cardiorenal syndrome in the hospital. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.0000000000000064.","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"771_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000362566","author":"A Gigante","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gigante A, Liberatori M. Prevalence and clinical features of patients with the cardiorenal syndrome admitted to an internal medicine ward. Cardiorenal Med. 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000362566.","journal-title":"Cardiorenal Med"},{"key":"771_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-023-01805-7","author":"A Gigante","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gigante A, Imbimbo G. CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score as a predictor of clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with and without chronic kidney disease. J Nephrol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-023-01805-7.","journal-title":"J Nephrol."}],"container-title":["High Blood Pressure &amp; Cardiovascular Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40292-025-00771-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40292-025-00771-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40292-025-00771-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T23:26:32Z","timestamp":1773530792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40292-025-00771-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["771"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40292-025-00771-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1179-1985"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1179-1985","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The Ethics Committee of Sapienza University approved the study, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate"}}]}}