{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T13:31:17Z","timestamp":1773063077343,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005634","name":"Suomen Hammasl\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4riseura Apollonia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005634","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Suomen Naishammasl\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4rit ry"},{"name":"Suomen Hammasl\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4riseura Apollonia, Ortodontian jaosto ja Marjut Ev\u00e4lahti"},{"name":"University of Oulu including Oulu University Hospital"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To describe features of maxillary permanent canines in the late mixed stage as seen in panoramic radiograph (PTG) that later needed treatment to erupt into the oral cavity and to compare them with naturally erupted canines.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The cross-sectional part of this retrospective register-based study consisted of 1454 PTGs of children (mean age 9.3\u00a0years) living in Eastern Finland, while the longitudinal part involved patient data on 184 treated maxillary canines. The variables examined were treatment needs, overlapping and inclination of the maxillary canines, the development stage of the canines and lateral incisors and dental age.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Only 11.6% of the maxillary canines needed treatment, including interceptive procedures. The treated canines significantly more often had overlapping (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), larger inclination (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) and incomplete lateral incisors (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) than did the naturally erupted canines. The children treated significantly more often had a delayed dental age (p =\u00a00.035). Clear overlapping was closely associated with all treatment modalities, whereas some overlapping and a large inclination angle (\u2265\u200925\u00b0) were associated especially in cases of late treatment. An incomplete lateral incisor and delayed dental age were associated with treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>An association with treatment needs was found especially in the case of overlapping and a large inclination angle of the maxillary canine a couple of years before eruption into the oral cavity. These features can be early signs and indications for instant or later treatment of a maxillary canine and underline the importance of monitoring space conditions and erupting canines.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-022-00719-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T10:04:52Z","timestamp":1654855492000},"page":"567-578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Eruption pattern of the maxillary canines: features indicating treatment needs as seen in PTG at the late mixed stage\u2014Part II"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Ristaniemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Karjalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Kujasalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Rajala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Pesonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2375-5222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"L\u00e4hdesm\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"719_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.2319\/062210-339.1","volume":"81","author":"P Armi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Armi P, Cozza P, Baccetti T. Effect of RME and headgear treatment on the eruption of palatally displaced canines: a randomized clinical study. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:370\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/062210-339.1.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"719_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjn023","volume":"30","author":"T Baccetti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baccetti T, Leonardi M, Armi P. A randomized clinical study of two interceptive approaches to palatally displaced canines. Eur J Orthod. 2008;30:381\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjn023.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"719_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjr143","volume":"35","author":"F Bazargani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bazargani F, Magnuson A, Dolati A, Lennartsson B. Palatally displaced maxillary canines: factors influencing duration and cost of treatment. Eur J Orthod. 2013;35:310\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjr143.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"719_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2319\/031013-205.1","volume":"84","author":"F Bazargani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bazargani F, Magnuson A, Lennartsson B. Effect of interceptive extraction of deciduous canine on palatally displaced maxillary canine: a prospective randomized controlled study. Angle Orthod. 2014;84:3\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/031013-205.1.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"719_CR5","first-page":"1324","volume":"49","author":"N Chaillet","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chaillet N, Nystr\u00f6m M, Kataja M, Demirjian A. Dental maturity curves in Finnish children: Demirjian\u2019s method revisited and polynomial functions for age estimation. J Forensic Sci. 2004;49:1324\u201331.","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"719_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.03.044","volume":"139","author":"P Chalakkal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chalakkal P, Thomas AM, Chopra S. Displacement, location, and angulation of unerupted permanent maxillary canines and absence of canine bulge in children. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2011;139:345\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.03.044.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"719_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1080\/03014467600001671","volume":"3","author":"A Demirjian","year":"1976","unstructured":"Demirjian A, Goldstein H. New systems for dental maturity based on seven and four teeth. Ann Hum Biol. 1976;3:411\u201321.","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"719_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345800590070301","volume":"59","author":"A Demirjian","year":"1980","unstructured":"Demirjian A, Levesque GY. Sexual differences in dental development and prediction of emergence. J Dent Res. 1980;59:1110\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00220345800590070301.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"719_CR9","first-page":"211","volume":"45","author":"A Demirjian","year":"1973","unstructured":"Demirjian A, Goldstein H, Tanner JM. A new system of dental age assessment. Hum Biol. 1973;45:211\u201327.","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"719_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/8.3.133","volume":"8","author":"S Ericson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ericson S, Kurol J. Radiographic assessment of maxillary canine eruption in children with clinical signs of eruption disturbance. Eur J Orthod. 1986;8:133\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/8.3.133.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"719_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/10.4.283","volume":"10","author":"S Ericson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ericson S, Kurol J. Early treatment of palatally erupting maxillary canines by extraction of the primary canines. Eur J Orthod. 1988;10:283\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/10.4.283.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"719_CR12","first-page":"415","volume":"70","author":"S Ericson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ericson S, Kurol PJ. Resorption of incisors after ectopic eruption of maxillary canines: a CT study. Angle Orthod. 2000;70:415\u201323.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"719_CR13","first-page":"529","volume":"69","author":"R Eskeli","year":"1999","unstructured":"Eskeli R, Laine-Alava MT, Hausen H, Pahkala R. Standards for permanent tooth emergence in Finnish children. Angle Orthod. 1999;69:529\u201333.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"719_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/s0889-5406(98)80013-9","volume":"113","author":"E Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez E, Bravo LA, Canteras M. Eruption of the permanent upper canine: a radiologic study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;113:414\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0889-5406(98)80013-9.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"719_CR15","first-page":"103","volume":"66","author":"K Haavikko","year":"1970","unstructured":"Haavikko K. The formation and the alveolar and clinical eruption of the permanent teeth. An Orthopantomographic Study. Suom Hammaslaak Toim. 1970;66:103\u201370.","journal-title":"Suom Hammaslaak Toim"},{"issue":"8","key":"719_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2015.1020339","volume":"73","author":"S Hadler-Olsen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hadler-Olsen S, Pirttiniemi P, Kerosuo H, Bolstad Limchaichana N, Pesonen P, Kallio-Pulkkinen S, L\u00e4hdesm\u00e4ki R. Root resorptions related to ectopic and normal eruption of maxillary canine teeth\u2014a 3D study. Acta Odontol Scand. 2015;73(8):609\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00016357.2015.1020339.","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"719_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjy013","volume":"40","author":"S Hadler-Olsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hadler-Olsen S, Pirttiniemi P, Kerosuo H, Sj\u00f6gren A, Pesonen P, Julku J, L\u00e4hdesmaki R. Does headgear treatment in young children affect the maxillary canine eruption path? Eur J Orthod. 2018;40:583\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjy013.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"719_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1992.0069","volume":"123","author":"SJ Lindauer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lindauer SJ, Rubenstein LK, Hang WM, Andersen WC, Isaacson RJ. Canine impaction identified early with panoramic radiographs. J Am Dent Assoc. 1992;123:91\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14219\/jada.archive.1992.0069.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"719_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cju040","volume":"37","author":"J Naoumova","year":"2015","unstructured":"Naoumova J, Kurol J, Kjellberg H. Extraction of the deciduous canine as an interceptive treatment in children with palatal displaced canines\u2014part I: shall we extract the deciduous canine or not? Eur J Orthod. 2015;37:209\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cju040.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"719_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.04.027","volume":"140","author":"DH Naser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Naser DH, Abu Alhaija ES, Al-Khateeb SN. Dental age assessment in patients with maxillary canine displacement. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2011;140:848\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.04.027.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"719_CR21","first-page":"254","volume":"27","author":"CM Nolla","year":"1960","unstructured":"Nolla CM. The development of the permanent teeth. J Dent Child. 1960;27:254\u201366.","journal-title":"J Dent Child"},{"key":"719_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.2319\/0003-3219-079.005.1015","volume":"79","author":"S Peck","year":"2009","unstructured":"Peck S. Dental anomaly patterns (DAP). A new way to look at malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 2009;79:1015\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/0003-3219-079.005.1015.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"719_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1179\/bjo.20.3.215","volume":"20","author":"SM Power","year":"1993","unstructured":"Power SM, Short MB. An investigation into the response of palatally displaced canines to the removal of deciduous canines and an assessment of factors contributing to favourable eruption. Br J Orthod. 1993;20:215\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/bjo.20.3.215.","journal-title":"Br J Orthod"},{"key":"719_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-021-00650-1","volume":"23","author":"J Ristaniemi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ristaniemi J, Rajala W, Karjalainen T, Melaluoto E, Iivari J, Pesonen P, L\u00e4hdesm\u00e4ki R. Eruption pattern of the maxillary canines: features of natural eruption seen in PTG at the late mixed stage-Part I. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2022;23:223\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40368-021-00650-1.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"719_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq123","volume":"33","author":"I Rozylo-Kalinowska","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rozylo-Kalinowska I, Kolasa-Raczka A, Kalinowski P. Dental age in patients with impacted maxillary canines related to the position of the impacted teeth. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33:492\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjq123.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"719_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.02.021","volume":"142","author":"AK Sajnani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sajnani AK, King NM. Early prediction of maxillary canine impaction from panoramic radiographs. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2012a;142:45\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.02.021.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"719_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-012-0106-z","volume":"73","author":"A Sajnani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sajnani A, King N. Dental age of children and adolescents with impacted maxillary canines. J Orofac Orthop. 2012b;73:359\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00056-012-0106-z.","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"719_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.2319\/021108-83.1","volume":"79","author":"AS Silvola","year":"2009","unstructured":"Silvola AS, Arvonen P, Julku J, L\u00e4hdesm\u00e4ki R, Kantomaa T, Pirttiniemi P. Early headgear effects on the eruption pattern of the maxillary canines. Angle Orthod. 2009;79:540\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/021108-83.1.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"719_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(03)00621-8","volume":"124","author":"JH Warford Jr","year":"2003","unstructured":"Warford JH Jr, Grandhi RK, Tira DE. Prediction of maxillary canine impaction using sectors and angular measurement. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2003;124:651\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0889-5406(03)00621-8.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40368-022-00719-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40368-022-00719-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40368-022-00719-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T20:25:04Z","timestamp":1659126304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40368-022-00719-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["719"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40368-022-00719-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1818-6300","1996-9805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1818-6300","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-9805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 October 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 May 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Studies involving humans and\/or animals"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}