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All specimens were examined, and the cracked or broken ones were discarded. A total number of specimens (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200954) were divided into two experimental analyses viz; biofilm formation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200927) and microscopic examination (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200927). Specimens of each analysis were tested under different experimental conditions: a negative control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099), Fluor defender group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099), and Enamelast group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099). Following treatment, biofilms were generated by adherent <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic> on the test model disks on three time intervals: 24\u00a0h (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093), 48\u00a0h (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093), and 72\u00a0h (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093) for each analysis. Then, for biofilm formation analysis, the biofilm was detected spectrophotometrically at 620\u00a0nm after being stained by crystal violet. For microscopical analysis, the surfaces of the test model disks were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and each image was processed and analyzed using ImageJ software.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>At 48 and 72\u00a0h, Enamelast\u00ae and Fluor defender\u00ae-treated group showed significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) slight adhered bacterial cells when compared with the negative control group as revealed by the absorbance and SEM. Compared with the Fluor defender\u00ae-treated group, the absorbance of the Enamelast\u00ae-treated group showed a significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) increase by approximately 7- and 16.5-fold at 48 and 72\u00a0h, respectively. Similarly, SEM showed that the number of bacterial cells adhered to enamel surfaces in the Fluor defender\u00ae-treated group was significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) fewer than the Enamelast\u00ae-treated group by approximately 36.55% and 20.62% at 48 and 72\u00a0h after exposure, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We conclude that the anti-biofilm activity of Fluor defender\u00ae against <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic> was significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) greater than Enamelast\u00ae fluoride varnish. The use of Fluor defender\u00ae is encouraged as a preventive measure in children with the high risk of developing dental caries.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-023-00811-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T03:33:47Z","timestamp":1690860827000},"page":"549-558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Enamelast\u00ae and Fluor defender\u00ae fluoride varnishes against Streptococcus mutans biofilm: an in vitro study in primary teeth"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3709-9246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. A.","family":"Matar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2147-6203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. 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