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Scores 0 and 1 were identified by running dental probe on the groove. Scores 2 and 3 were visually identified. ICDAS scores were recorded by scoring 0\u20133 (0\u2009=\u2009sound tooth surface, 1\u2009=\u2009opacity or discoloration of enamel after air drying, 2\u2009=\u2009visual change in enamel when wet, and 3\u2009=\u2009localised enamel breakdown).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>DNA was extracted from plaque samples and performed quantitative real-time PCR using SYBR green and specific primers for total bacteria including the 16S rRNA gene sequences conserved in all bacteria (BAC16S), <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. wiggsiae.<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Ages of the children were different amongst VOPI groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Levels of total bacteria (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.026) increased when VOPI increased. The ratio of <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> to total bacteria (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015) and the ratio of <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> to total bacteria (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) decreased from VOPI 0 to VOPI 3. Significant differences in total bacteria (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.018) were detected from VOPI 0 to VOPI 2. A difference in <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) was detected from VOPI 0 to VOPI 1.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Quantities of total bacteria (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02) and ICDAS scores (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and VOPI scores were positively correlated. Quantities of ratio of <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> to total bacteria (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003) and ratio of <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> to total bacteria (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and VOPI scores and ICDAS scores (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were negatively correlated.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-024-00962-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T16:54:13Z","timestamp":1734972853000},"page":"271-281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Quantitative analysis of Streptococcus mutans, Bifidobacterium, and Scardovia Wiggsiae in occlusal biofilm and their association with Visible Occlusal Plaque Index (VOPI) and International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Thitisakyothin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Chanrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. 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