{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:06:32Z","timestamp":1786982792773,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010764","name":"Svenska Pedodontif\u00f6reningen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010764","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017138","name":"Health and Medical Care Committee of the Regional Executive Board, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017138","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005293","name":"G\u00f6teborgs Tandl\u00e4kare-S\u00e4llskap","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005293","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004392","name":"Stiftelsen Patentmedelsfonden f\u00f6r Odontologisk Profylaxforskning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005300","name":"Sveriges Tandl\u00e4karf\u00f6rbund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005300","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003745","name":"Stiftelserna Wilhelm och Martina Lundgrens","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003745","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005760","name":"University of Gothenburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005760","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A reliable tool to visualise children\u2019s early stress signs to prevent dental fear development is needed. The aim was to evaluate the commercially available, CE marked, Shimmer3 GSR\u2009+\u2009unit\u2019s ability to indicate for stress as a reaction of fear or pain for a non-invasive dental treatment (NI) and an invasive dental treatment (I).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients 14\u201316\u00a0years old were invited to undergo an oral check-up (NI) or an orthodontic premolar extraction (I), respectively. Digital data, measured via electrodes and optical pulse probe, placed on the wrist and fingers, monitored by the Shimmer3 GSR\u2009+\u2009unit, was transferred via Bluetooth to the HP-laptop. The observed digital parameters were: heart rate based on photoplethysmography (PPG), galvanic skin response (GSR), and 3-axis gyroscope and accelerometer signals for hand movements. Protocols for patient self-report scales were used: coloured analogue scale for pain intensity, facial analogue scale for the mood, and a dental fear scale. Descriptive statistics was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The NI-group: 20 patients, (14.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5\u00a0years), underwent 20 oral check-ups. The I-group: 14 patients, (15.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5\u00a0years), underwent 28 premolar extractions. All patients tolerated the Shimmer3 GSR\u2009+\u2009unit well. The GSR signal increased significantly, at start and during the oral injection, in the I-group. The GSR amplitudes persisted throughout and post the dental injection. No general uniform pattern or high GSR amplitudes were produced regarding NI-group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Considering the limitations of this study, the following conclusions can be made: the invasive treatment resulted in a specific unison GSR pattern, while the non-invasive procedure showed individually scattered GSR reactions. The commercially available CE-marked Shimmer3 GSR\u2009+\u2009device indicated the patient's stress response triggered by the invasive anaesthetic procedure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-024-00967-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T04:56:45Z","timestamp":1731560205000},"page":"183-189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Sensors: future tools for detecting young patient\u2019s stress during a dental invasive versus a non-invasive dental treatment\u2014a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Jaldin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Jonasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Fagrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2683-376X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Krekmanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7\u20139","key":"967_CR1","first-page":"27","volume":"38","author":"HK Addleston","year":"1959","unstructured":"Addleston HK. 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