{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:51:02Z","timestamp":1787237462858,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002386","name":"Cairo University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effects of fixed palatal cribs and bonded spurs on skeletal and dentoalveolar parameters during treatment of anterior open bite associated with non-nutritive sucking habits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This randomized clinical trial involved 30 children aged 6\u201311\u00a0years with an anterior open bite\u2009\u2265\u20091\u00a0mm. Participants were assigned randomly to two groups: fixed palatal crib (FPC,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200915, mean age 8.6\u00a0years) and bonded spurs (BS,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200915, mean age 8.3\u00a0years). Digital bio-models and lateral cephalometric images were obtained at baseline and after 12\u00a0months of treatment. Paired and independent\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      tests were used for intra- group and inter-group comparisons, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The FPC group had significantly greater overbite correction than the BS group (1.22\u2009\u00b1\u20092.18\u00a0mm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.00387), with 73.33% achieving a positive overbite compared to 6.67% in the BS group. The FPC group also showed significantly higher increases in mandibular arch perimeter (2.57\u2009\u00b1\u20090.79\u00a0mm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.00314), maxillary arch length (1.56\u2009\u00b1\u20090.35\u00a0mm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.00013), mandibular arch length (1.62\u2009\u00b1\u20090.30\u00a0mm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.00001), and intermolar width (0.71\u2009\u00b1\u20090.24\u00a0mm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.00001). Cephalometric findings showed greater reduction in the lower central incisor mandibular plane angle (6.75\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.65\u00b0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.00032) and a corresponding increase in the interincisal angle (6.12\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20092.61\u00b0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090. 02654), while skeletal measurements showed no statistically relevant variation between the two groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The fixed palatal crib appliance was more effective than bonded spurs in managing anterior open bite in growing patients, mainly via dentoalveolar changes, (such as incisor retroclination), without affecting skeletal parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-025-01086-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T16:15:42Z","timestamp":1754064942000},"page":"439-451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparing skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of fixed palatal crib and bonded spurs in early management of anterior open bite associated with non-nutritive sucking habits: a randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"R. H.","family":"Shams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Kabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. H.","family":"El Khadem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1086_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.06.031","volume":"159","author":"A Aliaga-Del Castillo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aliaga-Del Castillo A, Vilanova L, Miranda F, et al. Dentoskeletal changes in open bite treatment using spurs and posterior build-ups: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2021a;159:10\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.06.031.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"1086_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.11.036","volume":"159","author":"A Aliaga-Del Castillo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aliaga-Del Castillo A, Bellini-Pereira SA, Vilanova L, et al. Dental arch changes after open bite treatment with spurs associated with posterior build-ups in the mixed dentition: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2021b;159:714\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.11.036.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"1086_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1590\/S2176-94512011000300016","volume":"16","author":"A Artese","year":"2011","unstructured":"Artese A, Drummond S, do Nascimento JM, Artese F. Criteria for diagnosing and treating anterior open bite with stability. Dental Press J Orthod. 2011;16:136\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S2176-94512011000300016.","journal-title":"Dental Press J Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"1086_CR200","first-page":"30","volume":"90","author":"J Berger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Berger J, Janisse F. Treatment options for anterior open bite. Ont Dent. 2013;90(5):30\u20135.","journal-title":"Ont Dent"},{"key":"1086_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD008694","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008694.pub2","volume":"3","author":"FRP Borrie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Borrie FRP, Bearn DR, Innes NPT, Iheozor-Ejiofor Z. Interventions for the cessation of non-nutritive sucking habits in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;3:CD008694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD008694.pub2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1086_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.11.026","volume":"149","author":"LFG Canuto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Canuto LFG, Janson G, De Lima NS, et al. Anterior open-bite treatment with bonded vs conventional lingual spurs: a comparative study. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2016;149:847\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.11.026.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"1086_CR301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e63549","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.63549","volume":"16","author":"R Chandel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chandel R, Pande MS, Yeluri R, Pankey N, Khubchandani M. Anterior open bite treated with palatal crib and myofunctional therapy: A case report. Cureus. 2024;16(6):e63549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.63549.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"1086_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.29-6-207","volume":"29","author":"L Davidson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Davidson L. Thumb and finger sucking. Pediatr Rev. 2008;29:207\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/pir.29-6-207.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"1086_CR7","first-page":"533","volume":"8","author":"MA ElMotaleb","year":"2014","unstructured":"ElMotaleb MA, Dakroury AA, Sharaby F. Prevalence of anterior open bite among Egyptian adolescent population. Aust J Basic Appl Sci. 2014;8:533\u20137.","journal-title":"Aust J Basic Appl Sci"},{"key":"1086_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.21608\/edj.2015.71990","volume":"65","author":"EM El-Sayed","year":"2019","unstructured":"El-Sayed EM, Abdel Ghani AH. Prevalence of the oral habits that cause anterior open bite in Egyptian pre-adolescents (cross-sectional study). Egypt Dent J. 2019;65:953\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/edj.2015.71990.","journal-title":"Egypt Dent J"},{"key":"1086_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","volume":"39","author":"F Faul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A. G*power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39:175\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03193146.","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"1086_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.2319\/082321-659.1","volume":"92","author":"AS Fouda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fouda AS, Afify AK, Aboulfotouh MH, et al. Dental arch changes after anterior open bite treatment in the mixed dentition produced by miniscrew-supported palatal crib vs conventional fixed palatal crib: a randomized clinical trial. Angle Orthod. 2022;92:487\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/082321-659.1.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"1086_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.21608\/edj.2016.92661","volume":"62","author":"MSS Fsifis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fsifis MSS, El-Sayed FAA, Munir H. Prevalence of malocclusion in primary schoolchildren of Cairo, Egypt (a survey study). Egypt Dent J. 2016;62:225\u201331.","journal-title":"Egypt Dent J"},{"key":"1086_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-020-00328-2","volume":"21","author":"D Gonz\u00e1lez Espinosa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez Espinosa D, Oliveira Moreira PE, da Sousa AS, et al. Stability of anterior open bite treatment with molar intrusion using skeletal anchorage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prog Orthod. 2020;21:35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40510-020-00328-2.","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"key":"1086_CR13","first-page":"17","volume":"60","author":"GJ Huang","year":"1990","unstructured":"Huang GJ, Justus R, Kennedy DB, Kokich VG. Stability of anterior open bite treated with crib therapy. Angle Orthod. 1990;60:17\u201324.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"1086_CR14","first-page":"42","volume":"2","author":"MDK Iqbal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Iqbal MDK, Bhat M, Antony TS. Patient compliance with two treatment modalities for tongue thrust habit: a comparative clinical study. Clin Oral Sci Dent. 2019;2(2):42\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Sci Dent"},{"issue":"3","key":"1086_CR15","first-page":"219","volume":"2","author":"R Justus","year":"2001","unstructured":"Justus R. Correction of anterior open bite with spurs: long-term stability. World J Orthod. 2001;2(3):219\u201323.","journal-title":"World J Orthod"},{"key":"1086_CR16","first-page":"49","volume":"109","author":"S Khayami","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khayami S, Bennani F, Farella M. Fingers in mouths: from cause to management. N Z Dent J. 2013;109:49\u201354.","journal-title":"N Z Dent J"},{"key":"1086_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12240","volume":"21","author":"D Koletsi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koletsi D, Makou M, Pandis N. Effect of orthodontic management and orofacial muscle training protocols on the correction of myofunctional and myoskeletal problems in developing dentition: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2018;21:202\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ocr.12240.","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"1086_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.2319\/031815-170.1","volume":"86","author":"JS Leite","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leite JS, Matiussi LB, Salem AC, et al. Effects of palatal crib and bonded spurs in early treatment of anterior open bite: a prospective randomized clinical study. Angle Orthod. 2016;86:734\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/031815-170.1.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"1086_CR19","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"M Massler","year":"1950","unstructured":"Massler M, Chopra B. The palatal crib for the correction of oral habits. J Dent Child. 1950;17:1\u20136.","journal-title":"J Dent Child"},{"issue":"3","key":"1086_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.10.017","volume":"163","author":"M Meng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meng M, Xie Y, Cao J, et al. Effects of bonded spurs, fixed and removable palatal crib in the early treatment of anterior open bite: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2022;163(3):298\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.10.017.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"1086_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2021.08.001","volume":"10","author":"MR Mousa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mousa MR, Hajeer MY, Farah H. Evaluation of the open-bite Bionator versus the removable posterior bite plane with a tongue crib in the early treatment of skeletal anterior open bite: a randomized controlled trial. J World Fed Orthod. 2021;10:163\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejwf.2021.08.001.","journal-title":"J World Fed Orthod"},{"key":"1086_CR302","volume-title":"Handbook of Orthodontics","author":"KE Moyers","year":"1998","unstructured":"Moyers RE. Handbook of Orthodontics. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers; 1988."},{"issue":"2","key":"1086_CR22","first-page":"91","volume":"19","author":"P Ngan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ngan P, Fields HW. Open bite: a review of etiology and management. Pediatr Dent. 1997;19(2):91\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"1086_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-54192005000200016","volume":"10","author":"FF Nogueira","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nogueira FF, Mota LM, Nouer PRA, Nouer DF. Nogueira lingual bonded spur: supporting treatment of atypical swallow by lingual pressure. Rev Dent Press Ortod Ortop Fac. 2005;10:129\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S1415-54192005000200016.","journal-title":"Rev Dent Press Ortod Ortop Fac"},{"key":"1086_CR24","first-page":"12","volume":"10","author":"NJ Otaren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Otaren NJ, Umweni AA, Otuyemi OD, Ogbeide E. Digit sucking habit: a review of the literature. West Afr J Orthod. 2021;10:12\u201322.","journal-title":"West Afr J Orthod"},{"key":"1086_CR25","volume-title":"Contemporary orthodontics","author":"WR Proffit","year":"2007","unstructured":"Proffit WR, Fields HW, Sarver DM. Contemporary orthodontics. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2007.","edition":"4"},{"issue":"5","key":"1086_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.17159\/2519-0105\/2019\/v74no5a4","volume":"74","author":"D Reddy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reddy D, Dawjee SM. Treatment of thumb-sucking habit using a fixed tongue crib appliance: a case report and literature review. S Afr Dent J. 2019;74(5):239\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17159\/2519-0105\/2019\/v74no5a4.","journal-title":"S Afr Dent J"},{"key":"1086_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.2319\/101317-691.1","volume":"88","author":"PH Rossato","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rossato PH, Fernandes TMF, Urnau FDA, et al. Dentoalveolar effects produced by different appliances on early treatment of anterior open bite: a randomized clinical trial. Angle Orthod. 2018;88:684\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/101317-691.1.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"1086_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.2319\/060116-438.1","volume":"87","author":"T Slaviero","year":"2017","unstructured":"Slaviero T, Fernandes TMF, Oltramari-Navarro PVP, et al. Dimensional changes of dental arches produced by fixed and removable palatal cribs: a prospective, randomized controlled study. Angle Orthod. 2017;87(2):215\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/060116-438.1.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"1086_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.07.016","volume":"137","author":"J Smithpeter","year":"2010","unstructured":"Smithpeter J, Covell D. Relapse of anterior open bites treated with orthodontic appliances with and without orofacial myofunctional therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2010;137(5):605\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.07.016.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"1086_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.24.5.069-078.bbo","volume":"24","author":"CAE Tavares","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tavares CAE, Allgayer S. Open bite in adult patients. Dent Press J Orthod. 2019;24:69\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/2177-6709.24.5.069-078.bbo.","journal-title":"Dent Press J Orthod"},{"key":"1086_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/fomm-23-3","volume":"6","author":"J Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang J, Banda AK, Kau CH, Huang GJ. Craniofacial management of anterior openbite: a clinical review. Front Oral Maxillofac Med. 2024;6: 26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/fomm-23-3.","journal-title":"Front Oral Maxillofac Med"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40368-025-01086-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40368-025-01086-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40368-025-01086-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T12:00:42Z","timestamp":1776254442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40368-025-01086-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1086"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40368-025-01086-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1818-6300","1996-9805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1818-6300","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-9805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This trial was registered at clinical trial.gov, ID: NCT05313399.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Trial registration"}},{"value":"The trial was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University (Approval Date: 28\/06\/2022) and was conducted in alignment with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or guardians of all participating children prior to enrollment.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}