{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T07:56:43Z","timestamp":1793606203510,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002911","name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002911","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-025-01154-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T08:40:25Z","timestamp":1776242425000},"page":"637-670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Gingival and periodontal diseases and conditions in children and adolescents: consensus report"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Iain","family":"Chapple","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sotiria","family":"Gizani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Declerck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phoebus N.","family":"Madianos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Clerehugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique M.","family":"Danser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esti","family":"Davidovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Donos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Dursun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Figuero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Graziani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mervi","family":"G\u00fcrsoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f6ren","family":"Jepsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Kebschull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Kraemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Lambrinaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David John","family":"Manton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joerg","family":"Meyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lior","family":"Shapira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Somani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Tsilingaridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svante","family":"Twetman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola X.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biniyam","family":"Wondimu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferranti","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1154_CR1","first-page":"285","volume":"34","author":"J Ainamo","year":"1984","unstructured":"Ainamo J, Nordblad A, Kallio P. Use of the CPITN in populations under 20 years of age. Int Dent J. 1984;34(4):285\u201391.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1154_CR2","first-page":"186","volume":"21","author":"E Bimstein","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bimstein E, Matsson L. Growth and development considerations in the diagnosis of gingivitis and periodontitis in children. Pediatr Dent. 1999;21(3):186\u201391.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"1154_CR3","volume-title":"Periodontal and gingival health and diseases: children, adolescents and young adults","author":"E Bimstein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bimstein E, Karimbux N, Needleman HL, Van Dyke TE. Periodontal and gingival health and diseases: children, adolescents and young adults. Taylor & Francis; 2001."},{"issue":"2","key":"1154_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.38.2.j525742137780336","volume":"38","author":"E Bimstein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bimstein E, Huja PE, Ebersole JL. The potential lifespan impact of gingivitis and periodontitis in children. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2013;38(2):95\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17796\/jcpd.38.2.j525742137780336.","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"Suppl 20","key":"1154_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12935","volume":"45","author":"JG Caton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Caton JG, Armitage G, Berglundh T, Chapple ILC, Jepsen S, Kornman KS, et al. A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions - introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(Suppl 20):S1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpe.12935.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"Suppl 20","key":"1154_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S68","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12940","volume":"45","author":"ILC Chapple","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chapple ILC, Mealey BL, Van Dyke TE, Bartold PM, Dommisch H, Eickholz P, et al. Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced periodontium: consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(Suppl 20):S68\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpe.12940.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"1154_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chapple I, Gizani S, Sanz M, Declerck D, Madianos P, Clerehugh V, Danser M, Davidovich E, Davies J, Donos N, Dursun E, Figuero E, Graziani F, Gursoy M, Jepsen S, Joseph C, Kebschull M, Kraemer N, Lambrinaki T, L\u00f3pez R, Manton D, Meyle J, Molina A, Shapira L, Somani C, Tsilingaridis G, Twetman S, West N, Wondimu B, Wong F, Herrera D. Gingival and periodontal diseases and conditions in children and adolescents: consensus report. J Clin Periodontol. 2026;52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40368-025-01154-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-025-01154-y"},{"issue":"10","key":"1154_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051x.1990.tb01057.x","volume":"17","author":"V Clerehugh","year":"1990","unstructured":"Clerehugh V, Lennon MA, Worthington HV. 5-Year results of a longitudinal study of early periodontitis in 14- to 19-year-old adolescents. J Clin Periodontol. 1990;17(10):702\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-051x.1990.tb01057.x.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1154_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051x.1995.tb01766.x","volume":"22","author":"V Clerehugh","year":"1995","unstructured":"Clerehugh V, Worthington HV, Lennon MA, Chandler R. Site progression of loss of attachment over 5 years in 14- to 19-year-old adolescents. J Clin Periodontol. 1995;22(1):15\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-051x.1995.tb01766.x.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"1154_CR10","unstructured":"Clerehugh V, Kindelan S. Updated Guidelines for Periodontal Screening and Management of Children and Adolescents under 18 years of age. 2021. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.bsperio.org.uk\/assets\/downloads\/Updated_BSP_BSPD_Perio_Guidelines_for_the_Under_18s_2021_FINAL_270921_vc_PDF_version.pdf"},{"issue":"10","key":"1154_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1998.69.10.1172","volume":"69","author":"S Dibart","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dibart S, Chapple IL, Skobe Z, Shusterman S, Nedleman HL. Microbiological findings in prepubertal periodontitis. A case report. J Periodontol. 1998;69(10):1172\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.1998.69.10.1172.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"1154_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eshkol-Yogev I, Ambrosio N, Somani C, Figuero E, Shapira L, Davies J. Periodontitis and periodontal conditions in children and adolescents, not associated with systemic disorders. J Clin Periodontol. 2025;52:Aug 7. Online ahead of print. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpe.14199","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.14199"},{"issue":"10","key":"1154_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051x.1990.tb01054.x","volume":"17","author":"FA Gusberti","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gusberti FA, Mombelli A, Lang NP, Minder CE. Changes in subgingival microbiota during puberty. A 4-year longitudinal study. J Clin Periodontol. 1990;17(10):685\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-051x.1990.tb01054.x.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"Suppl 20","key":"1154_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S78","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12941","volume":"45","author":"D Herrera","year":"2018","unstructured":"Herrera D, Retamal-Valdes B, Alonso B, Feres M. Acute periodontal lesions (periodontal abscesses and necrotizing periodontal diseases) and endo-periodontal lesions. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(Suppl 20):S78\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpe.12941.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"Suppl 24","key":"1154_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13639","volume":"49","author":"D Herrera","year":"2022","unstructured":"Herrera D, Sanz M, Kebschull M, Jepsen S, Sculean A, Berglundh T, et al. E F P workshop participants, methodological consultant. Treatment of stage IV periodontitis: The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline. J Clin Periodontol. 2022;49(Suppl 24):4\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpe.13639.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"Suppl 20","key":"1154_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S219","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12951","volume":"45","author":"S Jepsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jepsen S, Caton JG, Albandar JM, Bissada NF, Bouchard P, Cortellini P, et al. Periodontal manifestations of systemic diseases and developmental and acquired conditions: consensus report of workgroup 3 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(Suppl 20):S219\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpe.12951.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1154_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-019-00493-x","volume":"21","author":"J Kuhnisch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kuhnisch J, Anttonen V, Duggal MS, Spyridonos ML, Rajasekharan S, Sobczak M, et al. Best clinical practice guidance for prescribing dental radiographs in children and adolescents: an EAPD policy document. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2020;21(4):375\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40368-019-00493-x.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"6","key":"1154_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2002.01377.x","volume":"37","author":"R Lopez","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lopez R, Fernandez O, Jara G, Baelum V. Epidemiology of necrotizing ulcerative gingival lesions in adolescents. J Periodontal Res. 2002;37(6):439\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2002.01377.x.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1154_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31552","volume":"175","author":"F Malfait","year":"2017","unstructured":"Malfait F, Francomano C, Byers P, Belmont J, Berglund B, Black J, et al. The 2017 international classification of the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2017;175(1):8\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.c.31552.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet"},{"key":"1154_CR20","unstructured":"Molina A, Meyle J, Ram D, Chun Y-HP, Colmenares ME, Davidovich E. Periodontal diseases and conditions in children and adolescents associated with systemic disorders. J Clin Periodontol. 2025;52:(submitted)."},{"issue":"Suppl 20","key":"1154_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S162","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12946","volume":"45","author":"PN Papapanou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Buduneli N, Dietrich T, Feres M, Fine DH, et al. Periodontitis: consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(Suppl 20):S162\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpe.12946.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"Suppl 22","key":"1154_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13290","volume":"47","author":"M Sanz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sanz M, Herrera D, Kebschull M, Chapple I, Jepsen S, Berglundh T, et al. EFP workshop participants, methodological consultants. Treatment of stage I\u2013III periodontitis-The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline. J Clin Periodontol. 2020;47(Suppl 22):4\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpe.13290.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"Suppl 20","key":"1154_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S149","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12945","volume":"45","author":"MS Tonetti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tonetti MS, Greenwell H, Kornman KS. Staging and grading of periodontitis: framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(Suppl 20):S149\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpe.12945.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"Suppl 16","key":"1154_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S221","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12339","volume":"42","author":"L Trombelli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Trombelli L, Franceschetti G, Farina R. Effect of professional mechanical plaque removal performed on a long-term, routine basis in the secondary prevention of periodontitis: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42(Suppl 16):S221-236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpe.12339.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"1154_CR25","unstructured":"Tsilingaridis G, Tewari N, Seremidi K, Papaioannou W, L\u00f3pez R. Gingivitis in children and adolescents without known systemic involvement. J Clin Periodontol. 2025;52:(submitted)."},{"key":"1154_CR26","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Information brochure for the early detection and management of Noma. 2016. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/sites\/default\/files\/2017-07\/Information_brochure_EN.pdf"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40368-025-01154-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40368-025-01154-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40368-025-01154-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T12:47:52Z","timestamp":1783082872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40368-025-01154-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1154"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40368-025-01154-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1818-6300","1996-9805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1818-6300","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-9805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Individual potential conflicts of interest forms were completed by all participants and are available on file at the European Federation of Periodontology. No financial or non-financial interests that were directly related to the work submitted for publication were declared. David Manton is editor in chief of the European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry, and apart from assisting in recommending two suitable reviewers on behalf of the EAPD, with whom he has or had no personal or professional relationship, had no further involvement in the review process.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}