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Data were collected via a structured, interview-based questionnaire, covering demographic characteristics and parental oral health knowledge and behaviours. Analysis was performed based on parental socioeconomic background determined by monthly family income (&lt;\u20091400\u20ac low, 1400\u20132500\u20ac medium). Differences within and between groups were assessed using chi-square and Fisher\u2019s exact tests and associations with demographic or behavioural characteristics using multivariate regression analysis (statistical significance\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the participants, 111 were from low and 105 from medium socio-economic backgrounds, with the latter demonstrating significantly better oral health knowledge and more proactive behaviours, such as regular preventive dental visits and lower consumption of sugary snacks (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Parents from low socio-economic backgrounds showed poor knowledge regarding aetiopathogenesis of common dental diseases, with significant differences for the effect of microbes in dental plaque accumulation formation (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\n                      <jats:italic>0.03<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and for brushing (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\n                      <jats:italic>0.02<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and sugary snack consumption (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\n                      <jats:italic>0.04<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) in caries development. Multivariate regression analysis showed that area of residency and mother\u2019s occupation were significantly associated with decreased knowledge, that was associated with infrequent brushing and frequent sugary snack consumption.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant associations highlighted the need for targeted educational interventions and public health policies to reduce oral health disparities and improve awareness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-026-01168-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T14:39:41Z","timestamp":1769006381000},"page":"207-215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effect of socio-economic background on parental knowledge regarding oral health and its association with proactive behaviours"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Seremidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Chatzidimitriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Theristopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Gizani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Papaioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1168_CR1","first-page":"258","volume":"25","author":"J Abanto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abanto J, Diaz C\u00e1rdenas S, Veloso Duran A, Garza M, Reis Brigato V, Guinot F. 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