{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T04:29:08Z","timestamp":1786422548847,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005760","name":"University of Gothenburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005760","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Physicians and dentists have a central role in preventing and managing oral health problems in children. This survey aimed to evaluate their knowledge and attitudes towards paediatric oral health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional survey was conducted via an anonymous questionnaire distributed to healthcare professionals in the province of Milan, Italy, assessing knowledge of paediatric dentistry and exploring attitudes towards clinical advice for improving or maintaining children\u2019s oral health. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all items; the total number of correct answers served as a measure of participants\u2019 preparedness. Comparisons were conducted using Pearson\u2019s Chi-squared test or Fisher\u2019s exact test and ANOVA, followed by Tukey\u2019s post hoc test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 843 healthcare professionals participated (424 physicians and 419 dentists). Comparison between physicians and dentists revealed differences in knowledge and attitudes, with dentists achieving higher scores (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), although variability in responses was evident in both groups. Dentists demonstrated superior knowledge concerning the number of primary teeth (99.52% vs. 81.13%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and the effectiveness of sealants (96.9% vs. 82.08%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), whilst physicians recognised that toothpaste with 500\u00a0ppm\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      was not suitable for all children (59.91% vs. 57.28%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.48) and understood that initial caries lesions can be reversed (86.79% vs. 66.83%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). ANOVA revealed variability across health professionals with different specialties (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      -statistic: 9.59 for physicians, 12.40 for dentists;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dentists showed greater preparedness than physicians; however, variability remained, partly attributable to inconsistent guidelines, underscoring the need for targeted educational and harmonised recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-026-01203-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T18:06:41Z","timestamp":1775066801000},"page":"1221-1231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Children\u2019s oral health: Are dentists and physicians prepared enough? A cross-sectional interdisciplinary survey carried out in North Italy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"M. G.","family":"Cagetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Salerno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Cirio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Campus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1203_CR1","first-page":"47","volume":"30","author":"AAPD","year":"2008","unstructured":"AAPD. Policy on dietary recommendations for infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatr Dent. 2008;30:47\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"1203_CR2","unstructured":"AAPD. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Fluoride Therapy. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry 2023."},{"key":"1203_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7930564","author":"N Aburahima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aburahima N, Hussein I, Kowash M, Alsalami A, Al Halabi M. Assessment of paediatricians\u2019 oral health knowledge, behaviour, and attitude in the United Arab Emirates. Int J Dent. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/7930564.","journal-title":"Int J Dent"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"1203_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JEBDP.2016.01.017","volume":"16","author":"PA Braun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Braun PA, Cusick A. Collaboration between medical providers and dental hygienists in pediatric health care. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2016;16(Suppl):59\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JEBDP.2016.01.017.","journal-title":"J Evid Based Dent Pract"},{"key":"1203_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/S41598-022-12176-7","author":"A Balian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Balian A, Campus G, Bont\u00e0 G, Esteves-Oliveira M, Salerno C, Cirio S, et al. Long-term caries prevention of dental sealants and fluoride varnish in children with autism spectrum disorders: a retrospective cohort study. Sci Rep. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41598-022-12176-7.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"1203_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(05)70261-3","volume":"47","author":"PS Casamassimo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Casamassimo PS. Relationships between oral and systemic health. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2000;47(5):1149\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0031-3955(05)70261-3.","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"1203_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12679","volume":"31","author":"MG Cagetti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cagetti MG, Angelino E. Could SARS-CoV-2 burst the use of non-invasive and minimally invasive treatments in paediatric dentistry? Int J Paediatr Dent. 2021;31:27\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ipd.12679.","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"1203_CR8","volume":"1","author":"SJ Clark","year":"2014","unstructured":"Clark SJ, Duong S, Fontana M. Dental provider attitudes are a barrier to expanded oral health care for children \u22643 years of age. Glob Pediatr Health. 2014;1:2333794X1455702.","journal-title":"Glob Pediatr Health"},{"key":"1203_CR9","first-page":"130","volume":"39","author":"NK Childers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Childers NK, Momeni SS, Whiddon J, Cheon K, Cutter GR, Wiener HW, et al. Association between early childhood caries and colonization with Streptococcus mutans genotypes from mothers. Pediatr Dent. 2017;39:130\u20135.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"1203_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.23804\/EJPD.2019.20.04.02","volume":"20","author":"S Colombo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Colombo S, Gallus S, Beretta M, Lugo A, Scaglioni S, Colombo P, et al. Prevalence and determinants of early childhood caries in Italy. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2019;20:267\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23804\/EJPD.2019.20.04.02.","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"1203_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12903-023-03732-2","author":"MG Cagetti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cagetti MG, Salerno C, Ionescu AC, La Rocca S, Camoni N, Cirio S, et al. Knowledge and attitudes on oral health of women during pregnancy and their children: an online survey. BMC Oral Health. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12903-023-03732-2.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"1203_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1269","author":"GG Dela Cruz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dela Cruz GG, Rozier RG, Slade G. Dental screening and referral of young children by pediatric primary care providers. Pediatrics. 2004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2004-1269.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1203_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ACAP.2009.09.004","volume":"9","author":"AB Douglass","year":"2009","unstructured":"Douglass AB, Douglass JM, Krol DM. Educating pediatricians and family physicians in children\u2019s oral health. Acad Pediatr. 2009;9:452\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ACAP.2009.09.004.","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"key":"1203_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12903-020-01198-0","author":"V Dickson-Swift","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dickson-Swift V, Kenny A, Gussy M, McCarthy C, Bracksley-O\u2019Grady S. The knowledge and practice of pediatricians in children\u2019s oral health: a scoping review. BMC Oral Health. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12903-020-01198-0.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"1203_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"EAPD. European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry: curriculum guidelines for education and training in paediatric dentistry. Int J Paediatr Dent 1997;7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-263x.1997.00239.x","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-263x.1997.00239.x"},{"key":"1203_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03321612","volume":"10","author":"European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry","year":"2009","unstructured":"European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. A guideline framework for undergraduate education in paediatric dentistry. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2009;10:114\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"1203_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/CUREUS.50785","author":"D Farsi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Farsi D, Alagili D. Oral health knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practices of pediatricians and pediatric residents: a cross-sectional study. Cureus. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/CUREUS.50785.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"1203_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/IJERPH17124407","volume":"17","author":"GF Ferrazzano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferrazzano GF, Salerno C, Sangianantoni G, Caruso S, Ingenito A, Cantile T. The effect of dental treatment under general anesthesia on quality of life and growth and blood chemistry parameters in uncooperative pediatric patients with compromised oral health: a pilot study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/IJERPH17124407.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1203_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/EJE.13058","author":"J Field","year":"2025","unstructured":"Field J, Vital S, Dixon J, Murphy D, Davies J. The graduating European dentist curriculum framework: a 7-year review. Eur J Dent Educ. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/EJE.13058.","journal-title":"Eur J Dent Educ"},{"key":"1203_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-6-176\/TABLES\/4","volume":"6","author":"G Di Giuseppe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Di Giuseppe G, Nobile CGA, Marinelli A, Angelillo IF. Knowledge, attitude and practices of pediatricians regarding the prevention of oral diseases in Italy. BMC Public Health. 2006;6:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-6-176\/TABLES\/4.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"1203_CR20","unstructured":"Italian National Guidelines- Italian Minister of Health.: http:\/\/www.salute.gov.it\/imgs\/C_17_pubblicazioni_867_allegato.pdf (2013). Accessed 20 Jan 2025"},{"key":"1203_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4725","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000000432","volume":"85","author":"S Jafari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jafari S, Memarpour M, Pakniyat Jahromi M, Vossoughi M, Hamidi SA. Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and behavior related to children\u2019s oral health in pediatricians and students in the pediatric field in Iran: a cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg. 2023;85:4725\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MS9.0000000000000432.","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"key":"1203_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-3327.346405","volume":"19","author":"N Kohli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kohli N, Hugar SM, Soneta SP, Saxena N, Kadam KS, Gokhale N. Psychological behavior management techniques to alleviate dental fear and anxiety in 4\u201314-year-old children in pediatric dentistry: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2022;19:47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1735-3327.346405.","journal-title":"Dent Res J (Isfahan)"},{"key":"1203_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.5051\/JPIS.235303EDI01","volume":"53","author":"JI Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee JI. Dental education now and in the future. J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2023;53:171\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5051\/JPIS.235303EDI01.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Implant Sci"},{"key":"1203_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2007.tb00471.x","volume":"52","author":"V Law","year":"2007","unstructured":"Law V, Seow WK, Townsend G. Factors influencing oral colonization of Mutans streptococci in young children. Aust Dent J. 2007;52:93\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2007.tb00471.x.","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"1203_CR25","first-page":"26","volume":"69","author":"PS Lolo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lolo PS, Arevalo O, Saman DM. Enhancing the pediatric dentistry skills and knowledge of general dentists. Gen Dent. 2021;69:26\u20139.","journal-title":"Gen Dent"},{"key":"1203_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JEBDP.2024.102010","author":"KLDF Leite","year":"2024","unstructured":"Leite KLDF, Rodrigues GF, Chevitarese AB, Magno MB, Maran\u00f2n-V\u00e1squez GA, Pintor AVB, et al. Are pit and fissure sealants effective in preventing and arresting occlusal caries in primary and permanent teeth? An overview of systematic reviews. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JEBDP.2024.102010.","journal-title":"J Evid Based Dent Pract"},{"key":"1203_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.14219\/JADA.ARCHIVE.2006.0262","volume":"137","author":"MR McQuistan","year":"2006","unstructured":"McQuistan MR, Kuthy RA, Daminano PC, Ward MM. General dentists\u2019 referrals of 3- to 5-year-old children to pediatric dentists. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006;137:653\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14219\/JADA.ARCHIVE.2006.0262.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"1203_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-057988","author":"JY Meek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meek JY, Noble L. Policy statement: breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2022-057988.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1203_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.23804\/EJPD.2022.23.01.11","volume":"23","author":"J Morera-Domingo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Morera-Domingo J, Maura-Solivellas I, Llagostera-Benedico J, Arce-Casas A, Valls-Sirera C, Ferr\u00e9s-Amat E. Knowlege and attitude in paediatric dentistry among paediatricians. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2022;23:61\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23804\/EJPD.2022.23.01.11.","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"1203_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-3327.104874","volume":"9","author":"R Nammalwar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nammalwar R, Rangeeth P. Knowledge and attitude of pediatricians and family physicians in Chennai on pediatric dentistry: a survey. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2012;9:561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1735-3327.104874.","journal-title":"Dent Res J (Isfahan)"},{"key":"1203_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.23804\/EJPD.2018.19.04.5","volume":"19","author":"H Nikolic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nikolic H, Ivancic Jokic N, Bakarcic D, Hrvatin S, Jakljevic N. Knowledge about emergency procedure in case of dental trauma among paediatricians in Croatia. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2018;19:277\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23804\/EJPD.2018.19.04.5.","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"1203_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/PEDS.109.5.E82","author":"KM Pierce","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pierce KM, Rozier RG, Vann WF. Accuracy of pediatric primary care providers\u2019 screening and referral for early childhood caries. Pediatrics. 2002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/PEDS.109.5.E82.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1203_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/NUR.20199","volume":"30","author":"DF Polit","year":"2007","unstructured":"Polit DF, Beck CT, Owen SV. Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Res Nurs Health. 2007;30:459\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/NUR.20199.","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"1203_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.1370\/AFM.2929","volume":"21","author":"J Romano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Romano J, Silk H. Why are family doctors still not addressing oral health? Ann Fam Med. 2023;21:S103\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1370\/AFM.2929.","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"1203_CR35","first-page":"377","volume":"19","author":"OM S\u00e1nchez","year":"1997","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez OM, Childers NK, Fox L, Bradley E. Physicians\u2019 views on pediatric preventive dental care. Pediatr Dent. 1997;19:377\u201383.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"1203_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/DJ11110259","author":"A Tadin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tadin A, Dzaja K. Assessment of pediatricians\u2019 and general practitioners\u2019 knowledge and practice regarding oral health, dental caries and its prevention in children: a cross-sectional study. Dent J. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/DJ11110259.","journal-title":"Dent J"},{"key":"1203_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-019-00464-2","author":"KJ Toumba","year":"2019","unstructured":"Toumba KJ, Twetman S, Splieth C, Parnell C, van Loveren C, Lygidakis N. Guidelines on the use of fluoride for caries prevention in children: an updated EAPD policy document. Eur Arch Paed Dent. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40368-019-00464-2.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paed Dent"},{"key":"1203_CR38","unstructured":"WHO.: Recommendations on breastfeeding 2025. https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/breastfeeding#tab=tab_2 (2025). Accessed 20 Jan 2025."},{"key":"1203_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007693.pub3","author":"MCM Wong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wong MCM, Zhang R, Luo BW, Glenny AM, Worthington HV, Lo ECM. Topical fluoride as a cause of dental fluorosis in children. Coc Dat Syst Rev. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD007693.pub3.","journal-title":"Coc Dat Syst Rev."},{"key":"1203_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.23804\/EJPD.2024.2141","volume":"25","author":"N Zerman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zerman N, Zangani A, Maffeis C, Pietrobelli A, Piacentini G, Zotti F, et al. Interdisciplinary management of orofacial lesions in early childhood: paediatric alert system at University of Verona. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2024;25:149\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23804\/EJPD.2024.2141.","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40368-026-01203-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40368-026-01203-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40368-026-01203-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T03:52:23Z","timestamp":1786420343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40368-026-01203-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40368-026-01203-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1818-6300","1996-9805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1818-6300","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-9805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy (No. AOU_SS 386 on 22-03-2022). All participants involved in the study signed a consent form.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}