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Specimens were randomised into three groups (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200916): SF (Riva Star Aqua), SDF (Cariestop 30%), and Control (distilled water). RMGIC (Riva Light Cure HV) was bonded and stored for 24\u00a0h at 37 \u00b0C. MSBS was measured using a universal testing machine, and failure modes were analysed using a stereomicroscope. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA with Tamhane's T2 post hoc test (\u03b1\u2009=\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The SF group exhibited significantly lower bond strength (3.65\u2009\u00b1\u20091.80 MPa) than the Control (6.86\u2009\u00b1\u20093.15 MPa,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and SDF groups (6.65\u2009\u00b1\u20094.80 MPa,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). No significant difference was found between SDF and Control (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05); however, the SDF group demonstrated greater variability, consistent with Weibull analysis. Adhesive failure predominated across all groups, with SDF showing more mixed failures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Water-based SF significantly compromised RMGIC adhesion to demineralised primary tooth dentine. SDF maintained comparable mean bond strength to the control but with higher variability. Ammonia-free SF formulations may reduce immediate RMGIC retention when used before restoration, and this interaction may warrant protocol optimisation in SMART-based applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-026-01242-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T08:04:04Z","timestamp":1781856244000},"page":"1573-1583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of ammonia-free silver fluoride and silver diammine fluoride on immediate microshear bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer to demineralised primary tooth dentine"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Abedinzade Zare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Vafadar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Behroozibakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Hashemian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Lari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8373-797X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Abtahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1242_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06552-8","volume":"25","author":"MA Abdelshafi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abdelshafi MA, Soliman HA, Abdelaziz D. 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Int J Oral Sci. 2022;14(1):35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41368-022-00186-0.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40368-026-01242-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40368-026-01242-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40368-026-01242-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T09:06:57Z","timestamp":1789981617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40368-026-01242-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1242"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40368-026-01242-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1818-6300","1996-9805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1818-6300","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-9805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This in vitro experimental study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Protocol: IR.TUMS.BLC.1402.129). Extracted teeth were collected under an approved protocol. As the study used previously extracted teeth with no identifiable patient data, it was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This study used extracted teeth with no identifiable patient information.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}