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Data were collected on demographic characteristics, knowledge of HSPM, and clinical management across four scenarios of increasing severity (mild asymptomatic, mild with hypersensitivity, severe with post-eruptive breakdown, and HSPM associated with caries). Bivariate analyses and binary logistic regression were performed to compare groups and identify factors associated with diagnostic difficulty (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall familiarity with HSPM was high (91.9%); however, paediatric dentists were significantly more likely to differentiate it from other enamel defects than non-paediatric dentists (79.9% vs. 43.3%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). In the regression model, dental specialty was the only factor associated with diagnostic difficulty, with non-paediatric dentists showing higher odds of reporting uncertainty (OR = 4.69; 95% CI 2.56\u20138.56;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Clinical management followed a severity-based pattern, shifting from preventive approaches in mild cases to restorative interventions in more advanced conditions. Differences between groups were observed across several treatment options.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although overall awareness of HSPM was high, differences in diagnostic confidence and clinical management were observed according to professional background.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-026-01289-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:07:00Z","timestamp":1790701620000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Knowledge and management of hypomineralisation of second primary molars among Brazilian dentists: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1013-3980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. 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