{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T15:07:41Z","timestamp":1761664061666},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-020-00456-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T14:03:57Z","timestamp":1587132237000},"page":"67-73","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Alanine aminotransferase and spleno-portal dynamics affect spleen stiffness measured by point shear-wave elastography in patients with chronic hepatitis C in the absence of significant liver fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Mauro","family":"Giuffr\u00e8","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Fouraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Campigotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Visintin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo Rossano","family":"Buonocore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Aversano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Budel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Tin\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristiana","family":"Abazia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flora","family":"Masutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lory Saveria","family":"Croc\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"456_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30181-9","volume":"2","author":"S Blach","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blach S, Zeuzem S, Manns M et al (2017) Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015: a modelling study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2:161\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30181-9","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"456_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.026","volume":"69","author":"JM Pawlotsky","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pawlotsky JM, Negro F, Aghemo A et al (2018) EASL recommendations on treatment of hepatitis C. J Hepatol 69:461\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.026","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"456_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2019.08.006","volume":"51","author":"F Masutti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Masutti F, Giuffr\u00e8 M, Santi M et al (2019) How does Trieste treat HCV in PWID? An effective coordination between addiction treatment service (SerD), the infective disease department and the liver clinic. Dig Liver Dis 51:e261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2019.08.006","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"456_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48\u2013e48","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-103952","volume":"38","author":"CF Dietrich","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dietrich CF, Bamber J, Berzigotti A et al (2017) EFSUMB Guidelines and Recommendations on the Clinical Use of Liver Ultrasound Elastography, Update 2017 (Long Version) EFSUMB-Leitlinien und Empfehlungen zur klinischen Anwendung der Leberelastographie, Update 2017 (Langversion). Authors. Ultraschall Med 38:e48-e48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0043-103952","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"key":"456_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27950","volume":"62","author":"RT Chung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chung RT, Davis GL, Jensen DM et al (2015) Hepatitis C guidance: AASLD-IDSA recommendations for testing, managing, and treating adults infected with hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 62:932\u2013954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.27950","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"456_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017160622","volume":"284","author":"M Yin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yin M, Glaser KJ, Manduca A et al (2017) Distinguishing between hepatic inflammation and fibrosis with MR elastography. Radiology 284:694\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2017160622","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"456_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8030348","author":"M Giuffr\u00e8","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giuffr\u00e8 M, Fouraki S, Comar M et al (2020) The importance of transaminases flare in liver elastography: characterization of the probability of liver fibrosis overestimation by hepatitis C virus-induced cytolysis. Microorganisms. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms8030348","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"456_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12940","volume":"35","author":"L Castera","year":"2015","unstructured":"Castera L (2015) Is it really worth adapting liver stiffness cut-offs according to AST levels? Liver Int 35:2495\u20132497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.12940","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"456_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23646-2","author":"Q Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li Q, Chen L, Zhou Y (2018) Diagnostic accuracy of liver stiffness measurement in chronic hepatitis B patients with normal or mildly elevated alanine transaminase levels. Sci Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-23646-2","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"932\u2013937","key":"456_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.01.015","volume":"10","author":"EB Tapper","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tapper EB, Cohen EB, Patel K et al (2012) Levels of alanine aminotransferase confound use of transient elastography to diagnose fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 10(932\u2013937):e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.01.015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"456_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.09.004","volume":"19","author":"M Giuffr\u00e8","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giuffr\u00e8 M, Macor D, Masutti F et al (2020) Spleen Stiffness Probability Index (SSPI): a simple and accurate method to detect esophageal varices in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis. Ann Hepatol 19:53\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.09.004","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"456_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.03.004","volume":"18","author":"M Giuffr\u00e8","year":"2019","unstructured":"Giuffr\u00e8 M, Macor D, Masutti F et al (2019) Evaluation of spleen stiffness in healthy volunteers using point shear wave elastography. Ann Hepatol 18:736\u2013741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.03.004","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"456_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.33.1.73","volume":"33","author":"X Hu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hu X, Xu X, Zhang Q et al (2014) Indirect prediction of liver fibrosis by quantitative measurement of spleen stiffness using the fibroscan system. J Ultrasound Med 33:73\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7863\/ultra.33.1.73","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"456_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2017.09.138","volume":"50","author":"M Buechter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buechter M, Manka P, Theysohn JM et al (2018) Spleen stiffness is positively correlated with HVPG and decreases significantly after TIPS implantation. Dig Liver Dis 50:54\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2017.09.138","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"456_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13907","volume":"33","author":"A De Santis","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Santis A, Nardelli S, Bassanelli C et al (2018) Modification of splenic stiffness on acoustic radiation force impulse parallels the variation of portal pressure induced by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. J Gastroenterol Hepatol (Australia) 33:704\u2013709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.13907","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol (Australia)"},{"key":"456_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.018","volume":"70","author":"HY Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim HY, So YH, Kim W et al (2019) Non-invasive response prediction in prophylactic carvedilol therapy for cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices. J Hepatol 70:412\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"456_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v10.i10.731","volume":"27","author":"F Ravaioli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ravaioli F, Colecchia A, Dajti E et al (2018) Spleen stiffness mirrors changes in portal hypertension after successful interferon-free therapy in chronic-hepatitis C virus patients. World J Hepatol 27:731\u2013742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4254\/wjh.v10.i10.731","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"456_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28610","volume":"64","author":"W Verlinden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Verlinden W, Francque S, Michielsen P et al (2016) Successful antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis C leads to a rapid decline of liver stiffness without an early effect on spleen stiffness. Hepatology 64:1809\u20131810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.28610","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"456_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23425","volume":"51","author":"L Cast\u0301era","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cast\u0301era L, Foucher J, Bernard PH et al (2010) Pitfalls of liver stiffness measurement: a 5-year prospective study of 13369 examinations. Hepatology 51:828\u2013835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.23425","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"456_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2009.02100.x","volume":"29","author":"I Mederacke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mederacke I, Wursthorn K, Kirschner J et al (2009) Food intake increases liver stiffness in patients with chronic or resolved hepatitis C virus infection. Liver Int 29:1500\u20131506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2009.02100.x","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"456_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01526.x","author":"M Hamaguchi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hamaguchi M, Kojima T, Itoh Y et al (2007) The severity of ultrasonographic findings in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease reflects the metabolic syndrome and visceral fat accumulation. Am J Gastroenterol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01526.x(Published Online First)","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"456_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-014-0336-2","volume":"5","author":"JF Gerstenmaier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gerstenmaier JF, Gibson RN (2014) Ultrasound in chronic liver disease. Insights Imaging 5:441\u2013455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13244-014-0336-2","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"456_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1299145","volume":"33","author":"A Berzigotti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Berzigotti A, Piscaglia F (2012) Ultraschall bei Pfortaderhochdruck\u2014Teil 2\u2014und EFSUMB-Empfehlungen zurDurchf\u00fchrung und Dokumentation von Ultraschalluntersuchungen bei Pfortaderhochdruck. Ultraschall Med 33:8\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0031-1299145","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"key":"456_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4787","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i16.4787","volume":"20","author":"G Ferraioli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ferraioli G, Tinelli C, Lissandrin R et al (2014) Point shear wave elastography method for assessing liver stiffness. World J Gastroenterol 20:4787\u20134796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v20.i16.4787","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"456_CR25","first-page":"09","volume":"1","author":"M Giuffr\u00e8","year":"2018","unstructured":"Giuffr\u00e8 M, Patti R, Pascut D et al (2018) MicroRNAs as regulators of neo-angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma somato publications annals of gastroenterology and digestive disorders microRNAs as regulators of neo-angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Gastroenterol Dig Disord 1:09\u2013016","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol Dig Disord"},{"key":"456_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.2307\/1412159","volume":"15","author":"C Spearman","year":"1904","unstructured":"Spearman C (1904) The proof and measurement of association between two things. Am J Psychol 15:72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1412159","journal-title":"Am J Psychol"},{"key":"456_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.2307\/2348362","volume":"43","author":"VA Barbur","year":"1994","unstructured":"Barbur VA, Montgomery DC, Peck EA (1994) Introduction to linear regression analysis. Statistician 43:339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2348362","journal-title":"Statistician"},{"key":"456_CR28","unstructured":"Yoo W, Mayberry R, Bae S, et al. (2014) A study of effects of multicollinearity in the multivariable analysis. Int J Appl Sci Technol 4:9\u201319. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25664257%0A, https:\/\/www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov\/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC4318006"},{"key":"456_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20160423","author":"A Pawlu\u00e1s","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pawlu\u00e1s A, Inglot M, Chabowski M et al (2016) Shear wave elastography (SWE) of the spleen in patients with hepatitis B and C but without significant liver fibrosis. Br J Radiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20160423","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"456_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.09.049","author":"Y Takuma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Takuma Y, Nouso K, Morimoto Y et al (2013) Measurement of spleen stiffness by acoustic radiation force impulse imaging identifies cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices. Gastroenterology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.09.049","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"456_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.05.035","volume":"143","author":"A Colecchia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Colecchia A, Montrone L, Scaioli E et al (2012) Measurement of spleen stiffness to evaluate portal hypertension and the presence of esophageal varices in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 143:646\u2013654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.05.035","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"456_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13243","volume":"37","author":"C Jansen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jansen C, Bogs C, Verlinden W et al (2017) Shear-wave elastography of the liver and spleen identifies clinically significant portal hypertension: a prospective multicentre study. Liver Int 37:396\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.13243","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"456_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-015-0414-z","volume":"15","author":"R Zykus","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zykus R, Jonaitis L, Petrenkien\u0117 V et al (2015) Liver and spleen transient elastography predicts portal hypertension in patients with chronic liver disease: a prospective cohort study. BMC Gastroenterol 15:183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-015-0414-z","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"456_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X17715198","volume":"10","author":"M Pons","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pons M, Santos B, Sim\u00f3n-Talero M et al (2017) Rapid liver and spleen stiffness improvement in compensated advanced chronic liver disease patients treated with oral antivirals. Ther Adv Gastroenterol 10:619\u2013629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1756283X17715198","journal-title":"Ther Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"456_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1214-8","volume":"15","author":"L Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li L, Duan M, Chen W et al (2017) The spleen in liver cirrhosis: revisiting an old enemy with novel targets. J Transl Med 15:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-017-1214-8","journal-title":"J Transl Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ultrasound"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40477-020-00456-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40477-020-00456-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40477-020-00456-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T23:25:18Z","timestamp":1618615518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40477-020-00456-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["456"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40477-020-00456-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1876-7931"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1876-7931","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 January 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 April 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}