{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T15:34:43Z","timestamp":1788449683216,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587513600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-020-00460-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T15:04:07Z","timestamp":1587567847000},"page":"337-347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Carpal tunnel sonography"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Gervasio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Stelitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Bollani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Giardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Vanzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"460_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-49008-1","volume-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome","author":"R Luchetti","year":"2007","unstructured":"Luchetti R, Amadio P (2007) Carpal tunnel syndrome. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 32\u201359"},{"key":"460_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.256055028","volume":"25","author":"JC Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee JC, Healy JC (2005) Normal sonographic anatomy of the wrist and hand. Radiographics 25:1577\u20131590","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"1","key":"460_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jus.2011.01.006","volume":"14","author":"A Presazzi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Presazzi A, Bortolotto C, Zacchino M, Madonia L, Draghi F (2011) Carpal tunnel: normal anatomy, anatomical variants and ultrasound technique. J Ultrasound 14(1):40\u201346","journal-title":"J Ultrasound"},{"issue":"5","key":"460_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.15.06105","volume":"35","author":"S Gitto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gitto S, Draghi F (2016) Normal sonographic anatomy of the wrist with emphasis on assessment of tendons, nerves, and ligaments. J Ultrasound Med 35(5):1081\u20131094","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"460_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.197.1.7568840","volume":"197","author":"E Silvestri","year":"1995","unstructured":"Silvestri E, Martinoli C, Derchi LE et al (1995) Echotexture of peripheral nerves: correlation bewteen US and histologic findings and criteria to differentiate tendons. Radiology 197:291\u2013296","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"460_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-018-0337-y","volume":"22","author":"L Barbuto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barbuto L, Di Serafino M, Della Vecchia N, Rea G, Esposito F, Vezzali N, Ferro F, Caprio MG, Vola EA, Romeo V, Vallone G (2019) Pediatric musculoskeletal ultrasound: a pictorial essay. J Ultrasound 22(4):491\u2013502","journal-title":"J Ultrasound"},{"key":"460_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/229255030901700302","volume":"17","author":"I Mitchell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mitchell I, Chesney A, Seal S et al (2009) Anatomical variations of the carpal tunnel structures. Can J Plast Surg 17:3\u20137","journal-title":"Can J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"460_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2017(06)05","volume":"72","author":"L Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen L, Chen J, Hu B, Jiang LX (2017) Sonographic findings of the bifid median nerve and persistent median artery in carpal tunnel: a preliminary study in Chinese individuals. Clinics 72(6):358\u2013362","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"460_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.282075064","volume":"28","author":"PA Sookur","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sookur PA, Naraghi AM, Bleakney RR et al (2008) Accessory muscles: anatomy, symptoms and radiologic evaluation. Radiographics 28:481\u2013499","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"3","key":"460_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-019-00388-z","volume":"22","author":"J Rodrigues","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rodrigues J, Santos-Faria D, Silva J, Azevedo S, Tavares-Costa J, Teixeira F (2019) Sonoanatomy of anterior forearm muscles. J Ultrasound 22(3):401\u2013405","journal-title":"J Ultrasound"},{"issue":"1","key":"460_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14313","volume":"37","author":"S Gitto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gitto S, Draghi AG, Draghi F (2018) Sonography of non-neoplastic disorders of the hand and wrist tendons. J Ultrasound Med 37(1):51\u201368","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"460_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh190","volume":"43","author":"YM El Miedany","year":"2004","unstructured":"El Miedany YM, Aty SA, Ashour S (2004) Ultrasonography versus nerve conduction study in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: substantive or complementary tests? Rheumatology 43:887\u2013895","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"460_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-011-0632-6","volume":"116","author":"M Rahmani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rahmani M, Ghasemi Esfe AR, Vaziri-Bozorg SM et al (2011) The ultrasonographic correlates of carpal tunnel syndrome in patients with normal electrodiagnostic tests. Radiol Med 116:489\u2013496","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"460_CR14","first-page":"96","volume":"3","author":"JR Fowler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fowler JR, Munsch M, Tosti R et al (2014) Comparison of ultrasound and electrodiagnostic testing for diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: study using a validated clinical tool as the reference standard. J Bone Joint Surg Am 3:96\u2013113","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"460_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.20.suppl_1.g00oc08s199","volume":"20","author":"C Martinoli","year":"2000","unstructured":"Martinoli C, Bianchi S, Gandolfo N et al (2000) US of nerve entrapments in osteofibrous tunnels of the upper and lower limbs. Radiographics 20:199\u2013217","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"460_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4598(200011)23:11<1713::AID-MUS7>3.0.CO;2-G","volume":"23","author":"KI Nakamichi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nakamichi KI, Tachibana S (2000) Enlarged median nerve in idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. Muscle Nerve 23:1713\u20131718","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"460_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.50.5771","volume":"50","author":"M Miwa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miwa M, Miwa H (2011) Ultrasonography of carpal tunnel syndrome: clinical significance and limitations in elderly patients. Intern Med 50:2157\u20132161","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"460_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2013.04.011","volume":"29","author":"BA Mosier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mosier BA, Hughes TB (2013) Recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome. Hand Clin 29:427\u2013434","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"460_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10385","volume":"46","author":"SM Wong","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wong SM, Griffith JF, Hui ACF, Tang A, Wong KS (2002) Discriminatory sonographic criteria for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 46:1914\u20131921","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"460_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei218","volume":"45","author":"HB Hammer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hammer HB, Hovden IAH, Haavardsholm EA, Kvien TK (2006) Ultrasonography shows increased cross-sectional area of the median nerve in patients with arthritis and carpal tunnel syndrome. Rheumatology 45:584\u2013588","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"460_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11110150","volume":"261","author":"AR Ghasemi-Esfe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ghasemi-Esfe AR, Khalilzadeh O, Vaziri-Bozorg SM et al (2011) Color and power Doppler US for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome and determining its severity: a quantitative image processing method. Radiology 261:499\u2013506","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"460_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-009-1061-x","volume":"30","author":"YS Karadag","year":"2010","unstructured":"Karadag YS, Karadag \u00d6, Cicekli E et al (2010) Severity of carpal tunnel syndrome assessed with high frequency ultrasonography. Rheumatol Int 30:761\u2013765","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"460_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2501080397","volume":"250","author":"A Klauser","year":"2009","unstructured":"Klauser A, Halpern EJ, De Zordo T et al (2009) Carpal tunnel syndrome assessment with US: value of additional cross-sectional area measurements of the median nerve in patients versus healthy volunteers. Radiology 250:171\u2013177","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"460_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11101644","volume":"250","author":"A Klauser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Klauser A, Halpern EJ, Faschingbauer R et al (2011) Bifid median nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome: assessment with US cross-sectional area measurement. Radiology 250:808\u2013815","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"460_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2007.01.029","volume":"62","author":"CA Abicalaf","year":"2007","unstructured":"Abicalaf CA, De Barros N, Sernik RA et al (2007) Ultrasound evaluation of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome before and after endoscopic release of the transverse carpal ligament. Clin Radiol 62:891\u2013896","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"460_CR26","first-page":"1","volume":"39","author":"T Sueleyman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sueleyman T, Staub F, Dombert T et al (2015) Sonographic short-term follow-up after surgical decompression of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel: a single-center prospective observational study. Neurosurg Focus 39:1\u20135","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"460_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-018-0281-x","author":"A Vidoni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vidoni A, Shrivastava M, Botchu R (2018) Intrasynovial spindle cell lipoma of the deep flexor of the middle finger causing intermittent carpal tunnel syndrome-case report and review of the literature. J Ultrasound. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40477-018-0281-x(Epub ahead of print)","journal-title":"J Ultrasound"},{"key":"460_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218810411005564","volume":"16","author":"TC Tan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tan TC, Yeo CJ, Smith EW (2011) High definition ultrasound as diagnostic adjunct for incomplete carpal tunnel release. Hand Surg 16:289\u2013294","journal-title":"Hand Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ultrasound"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40477-020-00460-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40477-020-00460-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40477-020-00460-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T23:12:35Z","timestamp":1619046755000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40477-020-00460-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["460"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40477-020-00460-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1876-7931"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1876-7931","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 March 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 April 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}