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Hypertension is the primary factor associated with cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs), but there is also evidence of a connection with autonomic nervous system dysfunction. However, the associations between WMLs and VN size are unclear. Our objective was to investigate the associations between WMLs and VN size in patients with vascular risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The CSA of the VN was evaluated using carotid ultrasonography in patients with a history of stroke (acute or chronic) and comorbidities (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009196, 70.2\u2009\u00b1\u200912.7\u00a0years). Common carotid artery (CCA) intima-media thickness and interadventitial diameter (IAD) were also measured. The severity of the WMLs was assessed by the Fazekas classification and Scheltens\u2019 scale.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The CSA of the right VN (2.08\u2009\u00b1\u20090.65\u00a0mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) was significantly greater than that of the CSA of the left VN (1.56\u2009\u00b1\u20090.44\u00a0mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that older age, hypertension, increased right CCA IAD, and decreased CSA of the right VN (standardized partial regression coefficient [\u03b2] \u2212\u00a00.226; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were independently associated with the severity of WMLs (Scheltens\u2019 scale). A decreased CSA of the left VN was also associated with the severity of WMLs (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u00a00.239; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>VN size determined via ultrasonography was associated with the severity of WMLs. While these findings do not establish a causal relationship, they suggest that autonomic nervous system dysfunction is involved in the progression of WMLs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-024-00936-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T09:03:55Z","timestamp":1722243835000},"page":"723-732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Vagus nerve size determined via ultrasonography is associated with white matter lesions in patients with vascular risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4877-2336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomohisa","family":"Nezu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Futoshi","family":"Eto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akemi","family":"Hironaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiro","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuichiro","family":"Neshige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saki","family":"Tasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hikari","family":"Kirimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"936_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1566-0702(00)00215-0","volume":"85","author":"HR Berthoud","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berthoud HR, Neuhuber WL (2020) Functional and chemical anatomy of the afferent vagal system. 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All other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"The study conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the ethics committees at Hiroshima University, including the institutional review board (approval number E2023-0201). This study was performed under the opt-out method, as it was performed using clinical records.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent for participation was not obtained from the participants.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}