{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T15:15:18Z","timestamp":1767626118247,"version":"3.35.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007195","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007195","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Ultrasound"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Testicular epidermoid cysts (TECs) are rare, benign lesions that can also mimic malignant testicular masses. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is essential for proper management. A 13-year-old male presented with a painless solid mass in the left testicle. Serum tumor markers were normal. Ultrasound, CEUS and MRI findings were consistent with TEC. Surgical enucleation of the mass was performed, after ruling out malignancy through intraoperative frozen section examination. Histopathology confirmed diagnosis of keratin-filled epidermoid cyst. At 3-month follow-up, the patient is well-being and scrotal US is normal. This case highlights the importance of considering epidermoid cysts in the differential diagnosis of testicular masses in young males<jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold> Ultrasound is the first-line imaging modality in the assessment of any testicular masses. Other imaging modalities such as CEUS, elastography and MRI can be helpful to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions. Testis-sparing surgery can be safely performed, after ruling out malignancy through intraoperative frozen-section analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-025-00992-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T20:10:07Z","timestamp":1738440607000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A rare finding of testicular epidermoid keratinized cyst in a prepubertal boy: case report and management standardization"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Escolino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Porcaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Chiodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Di Mento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Carraturo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerio","family":"Mazzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Somma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ciro","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"992_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.03.170","volume":"180","author":"SA Umar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Umar SA, MacLennan GT (2008) Epidermoid cyst of the testis. J Urol 180:335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2008.03.170","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"992_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-003-1052-0","volume":"34","author":"J Fujino","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fujino J, Yamamoto H, Kisaki Y, Ishimaru Y, Uchida H, Mori Y, Nozaki M, Ikeda H (2004) Epidermoid cyst: rare testicular tumor in children. Pediatr Radiol 34(2):172\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-003-1052-0","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"992_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410x.1994.tb07611.x","volume":"73","author":"KP Dieckmann","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dieckmann KP, Loy V (1994) Epidermoid cyst of the testis: a review of clinical and histogenetic considerations. Br J Urol 73(4):436\u2013441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-410x.1994.tb07611.x","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"992_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.02.029","volume":"70","author":"H Moch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moch H, Cubilla AL, Humphrey PA, Reuter VE, Ulbright TM (2016) The 2016 WHO classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs-part a: renal, penile, and testicular tumours. Eur Urol 70(1):93\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.02.029","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"12","key":"992_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2021.03.016","volume":"44","author":"X Miao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miao X, Li Y, Zhou T, Lv M (2021) Testis-sparing surgery in children with testicular tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Surg 44(12):1503\u20131509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asjsur.2021.03.016","journal-title":"Asian J Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"992_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.06.006","volume":"17","author":"R Stein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stein R, Quaedackers J, Bhat NR, Dogan HS, Nijman RJM, Rawashdeh YF, Silay MS, \u2018t Hoen LA, Tekgul S, Radmayr C, Bogaert G (2021) EAU-ESPU pediatric urology guidelines on testicular tumors in prepubertal boys. J Pediatr Urol 17(4):529\u2013533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.06.006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"992_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-019-0477-1","volume":"19","author":"P Anheuser","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anheuser P, Kranz J, Stolle E, H\u00f6flmayer D, B\u00fcscheck F, M\u00fchlst\u00e4dt S, Lock G, Dieckmann KP (2019) Testicular epidermoid cysts: a reevaluation. BMC Urol 19(1):52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12894-019-0477-1","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"992_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-011-2044-0","volume":"41","author":"CM Arellano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arellano CM, Kozakewich HP, Diamond D, Chow JS (2011) Testicular epidermoid cysts in children: sonographic characteristics with pathological correlation. Pediatr Radiol 41(6):683\u2013689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-011-2044-0","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"992_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2010.29.5.831","volume":"29","author":"MA Manning","year":"2010","unstructured":"Manning MA, Woodward PJ (2010) Testicular epidermoid cysts: sonographic features with clinicopathologic correlation. J Ultrasound Med 29(5):831\u2013837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7863\/jum.2010.29.5.831","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"992_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-014-0292-9","volume":"40","author":"JM Day","year":"2015","unstructured":"Day JM, Dyer RB (2015) The onion ring sign. Abdom Imaging 40(6):2044\u20132045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00261-014-0292-9","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"issue":"10","key":"992_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1999.18.10.723","volume":"18","author":"MM Stein","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stein MM, Stein MW, Cohen BC, Li M, Koenigsberg M (1999) Unusual sonographic appearance of an epidermoid cyst of the testis. J Ultrasound Med 18(10):723\u2013726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7863\/jum.1999.18.10.723","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"992_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2010.12.035","volume":"77","author":"G Lock","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lock G, Schmidt C, Helmich F, Stolle E, Dieckmann KP (2011) Early experience with contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of testicular masses: a feasibility study. Urology 77:1049\u20131053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2010.12.035","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"992_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fang C, Huang DY, Sidhu PS (2019) Elastography of focal testicular lesions: current concepts and utility. Ultrasonography 38(4):302\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14366\/usg.18062","DOI":"10.14366\/usg.18062"},{"issue":"8","key":"992_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.03.026","volume":"42","author":"C Schr\u00f6der","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schr\u00f6der C, Lock G, Schmidt C, L\u00f6ning T, Dieckmann KP (2016) Real-time elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in the evaluation of testicular masses: a comparative prospective study. Ultrasound Med Biol 42(8):1807\u20131815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.03.026","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"992_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850410001457","volume":"45","author":"M Ozt\u00fcrk","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ozt\u00fcrk M, Mavili E, Erdogan N, Demirci D (2004) Epidermoid cyst of the testicle: unusual magnetic resonance imaging findings. Acta Radiol 45(8):882\u2013884. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02841850410001457","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"992_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410x.2008.07986.x","volume":"103","author":"C Passman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Passman C, Urban D, Klemm K, Lockhart M, Kenney P, Kolettis P (2009) Testicular lesions other than germ cell tumours: feasibility of testis-sparing surgery. BJU Int 103(4):488\u2013491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-410x.2008.07986.x","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"992_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)67534-7","volume":"153","author":"A Heidenreich","year":"1995","unstructured":"Heidenreich A, Engelmann UH, Vietsch HV, Derschum W (1995) Organ preserving surgery in testicular epidermoid cysts. J Urol 153:1147\u20131150","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"9","key":"992_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2011.11.013","volume":"43","author":"MK Subik","year":"2012","unstructured":"Subik MK, Gordetsky J, Yao JL, di Sant\u2019Agnese PA, Miyamoto H (2012) Frozen section assessment in testicular and paratesticular lesions suspicious for malignancy: its role in preventing unnecessary orchiectomy. Hum Pathol 43(9):1514\u20131519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humpath.2011.11.013","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"992_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.110308","volume":"123","author":"S Lachkar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lachkar S, El Ghazzaly A, Mrabti M, Louardi N, Alami M, Ameur A (2024) Testicular epidermoid cyst: a rare entity\u2014case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 123:110308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.110308","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"992_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.8577","volume":"12","author":"K Usui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Usui K, Yamashita R, Sakura Y, Nakamura M, Shinsaka H, Matsuzaki M, Niwakawa M (2024) Epidermoid cyst of the testis: a report of three cases. Clin Case Rep 12(4):e8577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccr3.8577","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ultrasound"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40477-025-00992-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40477-025-00992-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40477-025-00992-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T20:10:09Z","timestamp":1738440609000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40477-025-00992-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40477-025-00992-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1876-7931"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1876-7931","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of University Federico II of Naples, Italy (31\/07\/2024\/No 375724).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the parents.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written consent to publish was obtained from the parents.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}}]}}