{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:51:21Z","timestamp":1791237081070,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,15]],"date-time":"2020-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597449600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,15]],"date-time":"2020-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eat Weight Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To analyze body dissatisfaction in relation to orthorexic eating behavior in a sample of young females to further investigate characteristic features of orthorexic eating behavior and its association with other eating disorders.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009197 young females (age: <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200929.59, SD\u2009=\u200910.85\u00a0years) completed an online survey with the following questionnaires: the D\u00fcsseldorf Orthorexia Scale to measure orthorexic eating behavior, the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), measuring psychopathological aspects of disordered eating behavior, the Dresden Body Image Questionnaire (DKB-35) to measure five components of body image, and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), measuring body dissatisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In the total sample, Pearson correlations revealed that orthorexic eating behavior was positively associated with drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction. An independent samples <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-Test revealed that females with elevated levels of orthorexic eating behavior (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200935) displayed higher levels of drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction and lower levels of self-acceptance in comparison to a randomized sample from the remaining females with low levels of orthorexic eating behavior (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200935). According to a multiple regression analysis, drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction measured by the BSQ served as positive predictors for orthorexic eating behavior, whereas bulimia and body dissatisfaction measured by the EDI-2 served as negative predictors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Results reveal that orthorexic eating behavior is more closely related to psychopathological aspects of other eating disorders than previously assumed. Body dissatisfaction as another major feature of orthorexia nervosa should be taken into account in future studies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>III, case\u2013control analytic study.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-020-00986-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,15]],"date-time":"2020-08-15T01:02:40Z","timestamp":1597453360000},"page":"2059-2063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Orthorexic eating behavior and body dissatisfaction in a sample of young females"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2801-2209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Friederike","family":"Barthels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Kisser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Pietrowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"986_CR1","unstructured":"Bratman S (1997) Orthorexia Essay. http:\/\/www.orthorexia.com\/original-orthorexia-essay\/. Accessed 3 June 2020"},{"key":"986_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-018-0606-y","volume":"24","author":"H Cena","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cena H, Barthels F, Cuzzolaro M, Bratman S, Brytek-Matera A, Dunn TM, Varga M, Missbach B, Donini LM (2019) Definition and diagnostic criteria for orthorexia nervosa: a narrative review of the literature. Eat Weight Disord 24:209\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-018-0606-y","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord"},{"key":"986_CR3","first-page":"133","volume":"24","author":"A Brytek-Matera","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brytek-Matera A, Gramaglia C, Gambaro E, Delicato C, Zeppegno P (2018) The psychopathology of body image in orthorexia nervosa. J Psychopathol 24:133\u2013140","journal-title":"J Psychopathol"},{"key":"986_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1026\/1616-3443\/a000310","volume":"44","author":"F Barthels","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barthels F, Meyer F, Pietrowsky R (2015) Die D\u00fcsseldorfer Orthorexie Skala - Konstruktion und Evaluation eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung orthorektischen Ern\u00e4hrungsverhaltens [Duesseldorf Orthorexia Scale \u2013 Construction and Evaluation of a Questionnaire Measuring Orthorexic Eating Behavior]. Z Klin Psychol Psychother 44:97\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1026\/1616-3443\/a000310","journal-title":"Z Klin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"986_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.1.19","volume":"130","author":"C Jacobi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jacobi C, Hayward C, de Zwaan M, Kraemer HC, Agras WS (2004) Coming to terms with risk factors for eating disorders: application of risk terminology and suggestions for a general taxonomy. Psychol Bull 130:19\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.130.1.19","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"986_CR6","volume-title":"Eating disorder inventory-2. Deutsche Version","author":"T Paul","year":"2005","unstructured":"Paul T, Thiel A (2005) Eating disorder inventory-2. Deutsche Version. Hogrefe, G\u00f6ttingen"},{"key":"986_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1159\/000064375","volume":"12","author":"M Pook","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pook M, Tuschen-Caffier B, Stich N (2002) Evaluation des Fragebogens zum Figurbewusstsein (FFB, Deutsche Version des Body Shape Questionnaire) [Evaluation of the \u2018Fragebogen zum Figurbewusstsein\u2019 (FFB, German version of the Body Shape Questionnaire)]. Verhaltenstherapie 12:116\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000064375","journal-title":"Verhaltenstherapie"},{"key":"986_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1351276","volume":"64","author":"K P\u00f6hlmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"P\u00f6hlmann K, Roth M, Br\u00e4hler E, Joraschky P (2014) Der Dresdner K\u00f6rperbildfragebogen (DKB-35): Validierung auf der Basis einer klinischen Stichprobe [The Dresden Body Image Inventory (DKB-35): Validity in a Clinical Sample]. PPmP 64:93\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0033-1351276","journal-title":"PPmP"},{"key":"986_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.4455\/eu.2015.029","volume":"62","author":"F Barthels","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barthels F, Meyer F, Pietrowsky R (2015) Orthorexic eating behavior. A new type of disordered eating. Ern Um 62:156\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4455\/eu.2015.029","journal-title":"Ern Um"},{"key":"986_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1943-0","volume":"18","author":"M-L Parra-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Parra-Fern\u00e1ndez M-L, Rodr\u00edguez-Cano T, Onieva-Zafra M-D, Perez-Haro MJ, Casero-Alonso V, Fern\u00e1ndez-Martinez E, Notario-Pacheco B (2018) Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa in university students and its relationship with psychopathological aspects of eating behaviour disorders. BMC Psychiatry 18:364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-018-1943-0","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"986_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.104512","volume":"146","author":"A Meule","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meule A, Holzapfel C, Brandl B, Greetfeld M, Hessler-Kaufmann JB, Skurk T, Voderholzer U (2020) Measuring orthorexia nervosa: a comparison of four self-report questionnaires. Appetite 146:104512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.appet.2019.104512","journal-title":"Appetite"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-021-01219-z","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622764800000}}],"container-title":["Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40519-020-00986-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40519-020-00986-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40519-020-00986-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]],"date-time":"2021-08-14T23:06:13Z","timestamp":1628982373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40519-020-00986-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,15]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["986"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-020-00986-5","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s40519-021-01219-z","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1590-1262"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1262","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 August 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 August 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2021","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-021-01219-z","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-021-01219-z","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they do not have any conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.\u00a0Local ethics committee approval was not required for this study that only includes a survey. Surveys are commonly used research tools and the technique itself received ethical approval several times. Participants were asked about their eating behavior and their relation to their body, and questions like these are not supposed to cause any harm to adult human beings. Even in the very unlikely case that participants felt uneasy while answering the questions, they could easily cancel the survey at any time without any disadvantages.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Participants were informed that their participation was voluntary and anonymous, and that their data would be handled according to privacy policy. Furthermore, participants knew that they could cancel the survey any time by not completing the questionnaire or not sending their data using the send\u00a0button. By sending their data, they agreed to participate in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}