{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:12:01Z","timestamp":1790791921287,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eat Weight Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study aimed to explore how parents of young people with a restrictive eating disorder (ED) experience and manage uncertainty.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Seventeen parents of young people with a restrictive ED were recruited from multi-family therapy groups run within a specialised ED clinic. Five focus groups were conducted asking parents about their experience of uncertainty both prior and after the onset of their child\u2019s illness.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis which yielded seven superordinate themes. (1) Anorexia nervosa and uncertainty, (2) Positive and negative experiences of uncertainty (3), Helpful and unhelpful ways of coping with uncertainty, (4) Parent\u2019s self-efficacy and uncertainty (5), Needs of parents, (6) Parents\u2019 perceptions of intolerance of uncertainty in their children and (7) Impact of uncertainty on family life.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Parents caring for young people with a restrictive ED exhibit a strong intolerance of uncertainty, particularly in relation to their child\u2019s illness. This \u2018negative uncertainty\u2019 was thought to reduce their confidence as parents in how they managed their child\u2019s ED. Targeting high levels of intolerance of uncertainty in parents caring for young people with an ED could be beneficial for supporting parents when faced with their child\u2019s illness, increasing parental self-efficacy, decreasing accommodating behaviours and ultimately contributing to improved treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Level V: Opinions of authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-021-01256-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T15:03:06Z","timestamp":1626966186000},"page":"1339-1348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The experience of intolerance of uncertainty for parents of young people with a restrictive eating disorder"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1354-7569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Konstantellou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lot","family":"Sternheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Hale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mima","family":"Simic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Eisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1256_CR1","volume-title":"Cognitive behavioural treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: from science to practice","author":"MJ Dugas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dugas MJ, Robichaud M (2007) Cognitive behavioural treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: from science to practice. Routledge, New York"},{"issue":"3","key":"1256_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2005.02.014","volume":"39","author":"S Grenier","year":"2005","unstructured":"Grenier S, Barrette A-M, Ladouceur R (2005) Intolerance of uncertainty and intolerance of ambiguity: similarities and differences. Personal Individ Differ 39(3):593\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2005.02.014","journal-title":"Personal Individ Differ"},{"issue":"2","key":"1256_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)00070-3","volume":"36","author":"MJ Dugas","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dugas MJ, Gagnon F, Ladouceur R, Freeston MH (1998) Generalized anxiety disorder: a preliminary test of a conceptual model. Behav Res Ther 36(2):215\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)00070-3","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"1256_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00133-3","volume":"38","author":"R Ladouceur","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ladouceur R, Gosselin P, Dugas MJ (2000) Experimental manipulation of intolerance of uncertainty: a study of a theoretical model of worry. Behav Res Ther 38(9):933\u2013941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00133-3","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1256_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021721332181","volume":"31","author":"N Laugesen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Laugesen N, Dugas MJ, Bukowski WM (2003) Understanding adolescent worry: the application of a cognitive model. J Abnorm Child Psychol 31(1):55\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1021721332181","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1256_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.05.001","volume":"31","author":"EL Gentes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gentes EL, Ruscio AM (2011) A meta-analysis of the relation of intolerance of uncertainty to symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, and obsessiv-compulsive disorder. Clin Psychol Rev 31(6):923\u2013933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.05.001","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1256_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-018-9964-z","volume":"43","author":"BA Rosser","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rosser BA (2019) Intolerance of uncertainty as a transdiagnostic mechanism of psychological difficulties: a systematic review of evidence pertaining to causality and temporal precedence. Cogn Ther Res 43(2):438\u2013463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10608-018-9964-z","journal-title":"Cogn Ther Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1256_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2011.02.007","volume":"43","author":"PM McEvoy","year":"2011","unstructured":"McEvoy PM, Mahoney AEJ (2011) To be sure, to be sure: intolerance of uncertainty mediates symptoms of various anxiety disorders and depression. Behav Ther 43(3):533\u2013545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2011.02.007","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"1256_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110210","volume":"166","author":"MO Shapiro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shapiro MO, Short NA, Morabito D, Schmidt NB (2020) Prospective associations between intolerance of uncertainty and psychopathology. Personal Individ Differ 166:110210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110210","journal-title":"Personal Individ Differ"},{"issue":"5","key":"1256_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2523","volume":"25","author":"M Brown","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brown M, Robinson L, Campione GC, Wuensch K, Hildebrandt T, Micali N (2017) Intolerance of uncertainty in eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Eat Disord Rev 25(5):329\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.2523","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1256_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2010.01.003","volume":"11","author":"A Konstantellou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Konstantellou A, Reynolds M (2010) Intolerance of uncertainty and metacognitions in a non-clinical sample with problematic and normal eating attitudes. Eat Behav 11(3):193\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2010.01.003","journal-title":"Eat Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"1256_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20929","volume":"45","author":"GK Frank","year":"2012","unstructured":"Frank GK, Roblek T, Shott ME, Jappe LM, Rollin MD, Hagman JO, Pryor T (2012) Heightened fear of uncertainty in anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 45(2):227\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.20929","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1256_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2011.04.005","volume":"25","author":"A Konstantellou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Konstantellou A, Campbell M, Eisler I, Simic M, Treasure J (2011) Testing a cognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder in the eating disorders. J Anxiety Disord 25:864\u2013869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2011.04.005","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"1256_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2011.03.020","volume":"25","author":"L Sternheim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sternheim L, Startup H, Schmidt U (2011) An experimental exploration of behavioral and cognitive-emotional aspects of intolerance of uncertainty in eating disorder patients. J Anxiety Disord 25(6):806\u2013812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2011.03.020","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"1256_CR15","unstructured":"Stewart, M.-C. (2009). Relationships between intolerance of uncertainty and eating disorder symptomatology in a mixed non-clinical, sub-clinical, and clinical eating disordered population Unpublished Dissertation, University of Hawai'i, Manoa."},{"key":"1256_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.1029","volume":"10","author":"L Sternheim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sternheim L, Konstantellou A, Startup H, Schmidt U (2011) What does uncertainty mean to women with anorexia nervosa? An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Eur Eat Disord Rev 10:1002\u20131029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.1029","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1256_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-019-00652-5","volume":"24","author":"A Konstantellou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Konstantellou A, Hale L, Sternheim L, Simic M, Eisler I (2019) The experience of intolerance of uncertainty for young people with a restrictive eating disorder: a pilot study. Eat Weight Disord-Stud Anorexia Bulimia Obes 24(3):533\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-019-00652-5","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord-Stud Anorexia Bulimia Obes"},{"key":"1256_CR18","volume-title":"An investigation of intolerance of uncertainty and associated factors in anorexia nervosa (Unpublished doctoral dissertation)","author":"A Konstantellou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Konstantellou A (2014) An investigation of intolerance of uncertainty and associated factors in anorexia nervosa (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). King\u2019s College London, UK"},{"issue":"1","key":"1256_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00102-8","volume":"37","author":"CG Fairburn","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fairburn CG, Shafran R, Cooper Z (1998) A cognitive behavioural theory of anorexia nervosa. Behav Res Ther 37(1):1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00102-8","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1256_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441594","DOI":"10.1080\/23311908.2018.1441594","volume":"5","author":"L Sternheim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sternheim L, Harrison A (2018) The acceptability, feasibility and possible benefits of a group-based intervention targeting intolerance of uncertainty in adolescent inpatients with anorexia nervosa. Cogent Psychol 5(1):1441594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23311908.2018.1441594","journal-title":"Cogent Psychol"},{"key":"1256_CR21","volume-title":"Eating disorders: recognition and treatment","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","year":"2017","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2017) Eating disorders: recognition and treatment. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, London"},{"key":"1256_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-198311000-00002","volume":"32","author":"MH Mishel","year":"1983","unstructured":"Mishel MH (1983) Parents\u2019 perception of uncertainty concerning their hospitalized child. Nurs Res 32:324\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006199-198311000-00002","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1256_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2004.05.008","volume":"20","author":"ML Mitchell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mitchell ML, Courtney M (2004) Reducing family members\u2019 anxiety and uncertainty in illness around transfer from intensive care: an intervention study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 20(4):223\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iccn.2004.05.008","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"1256_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-016-9757-1","volume":"40","author":"AL Sanchez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sanchez AL, Kendall PC, Comer JS (2016) Evaluating the intergenerational link between maternal and child intolerance of uncertainty: a preliminary cross-sectional examination. Cogn Ther Res 40(4):532\u2013539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10608-016-9757-1","journal-title":"Cogn Ther Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1256_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s41811-019-00063-5","volume":"13","author":"G Bottesi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bottesi G, G\u00fcrdere C, Cerea S, Sica C, Ghisi M (2020) Familial patterns of intolerance of uncertainty: preliminary evidence in female university students. Int J Cogn Ther 13(1):30\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41811-019-00063-5","journal-title":"Int J Cogn Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"1256_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-017-1076-x","volume":"27","author":"LG Telman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Telman LG, van Steensel FJ, Maric M, B\u00f6gels SM (2018) What are the odds of anxiety disorders running in families? A family study of anxiety disorders in mothers, fathers, and siblings of children with anxiety disorders. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 27(5):615\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-017-1076-x","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1256_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-011-0106-3","volume":"15","author":"RM Rapee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rapee RM (2012) Family factors in the development and management of anxiety disorders. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 15(1):69\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-011-0106-3","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1256_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2017.19.2\/eaktar","volume":"19","author":"E Aktar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aktar E, Nikoli\u0107 M, B\u00f6gels SM (2017) Environmental transmission of generalized anxiety disorder from parents to children: worries, experiential avoidance, and intolerance of uncertainty. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 19(2):137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31887\/DCNS.2017.19.2\/eaktar","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"1256_CR29","volume-title":"Family therapy for adolescent eating and weight disorders","author":"M Simic","year":"2015","unstructured":"Simic M, Eisler I (2015) Multi family therapy. In: Loeb K, Le Grange D, Lock J (eds) Family therapy for adolescent eating and weight disorders. Guilford Press, New York"},{"key":"1256_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1129-6","volume":"16","author":"I Eisler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eisler I, Simic M, Hodsoll J, Asen E, Berelowitz M, Connan F, Ellis G, Hugo P, Schmidt U, Treasure J, Yi I, Landau S (2016) A pragmatic randomised multi-centre trial of multifamily and single family therapy for adolescent anorexia nervosa. BMC Psychiatry 16:422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-016-1129-6","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"1256_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/27.1.47","volume":"27","author":"CM Heary","year":"2002","unstructured":"Heary CM, Hennessy E (2002) The use of focus group interviews in pediatric health care research. J Pediatr Psychol 27:47\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpepsy\/27.1.47","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1256_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/08870449608400256","volume":"11","author":"JA Smith","year":"1996","unstructured":"Smith JA (1996) Beyond the divide between cognition and discourse: Using interpretative phenomenological analysis in health psychology. Psychol Health 11(2):261\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08870449608400256","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"key":"1256_CR33","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Qualitative psychology: a practical guide to research methods","author":"JA Smith","year":"2007","unstructured":"Smith JA, Osborn M (2007) Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In: Smith JA (ed) Qualitative psychology: a practical guide to research methods. Sage Publications Ltd, UK, pp 53\u201381"},{"key":"1256_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088704qp004oa","volume":"1","author":"JA Smith","year":"2004","unstructured":"Smith JA (2004) Reflecting on the development of interpretative phenomenological analysis and its contribution to qualitative research in psychology. Qual Res Psychol 1:39\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088704qp004oa","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"key":"1256_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1080\/09638230500347889","volume":"14","author":"J Whitney","year":"2005","unstructured":"Whitney J, Eisler I (2005) Theoretical and empirical models around caring for someone with an eating disorder: the reorganization of family life and inter-personal maintenance factors. J Ment Health 14:575\u2013585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09638230500347889","journal-title":"J Ment Health"},{"key":"1256_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.11.016","volume":"191","author":"L Salerno","year":"2016","unstructured":"Salerno L, Rhind C, Hibbs R, Micali N, Schmidt U, Gowers S, Treasure J (2016) An examination of the impact of care giving styles (accommodation and skilful communication and support) on the one year outcome of adolescent anorexia nervosa: testing the assumptions of the cognitive interpersonal model in anorexia nervosa. J Affect Disord 191:230\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2015.11.016","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"1256_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22000","volume":"45","author":"R Ellison","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ellison R, Rhodes P, Madden S, Miskovic J, Wallis A, Baillie A, Touyz S (2012) Do the components of manualized family-based treatment for anorexia nervosa predict weight gain? Int J Eat Disord 45(4):609\u2013614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22000","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"1256_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2180","volume":"21","author":"AL Robinson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Robinson AL, Strahan E, Girz L, Wilson A, Boachie A (2013) \u2018I know I can help you\u2019: parental self-efficacy predicts adolescent outcomes in family-based therapy for eating disorders. Eur Eat Disord Rev 21(2):108\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.2180","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"}],"container-title":["Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40519-021-01256-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40519-021-01256-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40519-021-01256-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]],"date-time":"2022-05-07T11:21:49Z","timestamp":1651922509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40519-021-01256-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1256"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-021-01256-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1262"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1262","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was granted ethical approval by the Joint South London and Maudsley and the Institute of Psychiatry NHS Research Ethics Committee (09\/H0807\/65). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study. Parents gave written consent for discussions within the groups to be audio-recorded and used for research purposes only.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}