{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:46:28Z","timestamp":1792640788814,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t Freiburg im Breisgau"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eat Weight Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with eating disorders (ED) pose a high-risk group regarding relapse. The understanding of factors contributing to a better outcome is much-needed. Therapeutic alliance (TA) is one important, pantheoretical variable in the treatment process, which has shown to be connected with outcome. This review looks into a possible predictive effect of TA on outcome as well as related variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review with pre-determined inclusion criteria following the PRISMA guidelines was conducted for studies published since 2014. Three previous reviews including studies up until 2014 were analyzed for studies matching our inclusion criteria. A total of 26 studies were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results were heterogeneous between different patient groups. Regarding the predictive effect of TA, in adolescent samples, the TA of either the patients or their parents seems to impact outcome as well as completion. For adults, results are mixed, with a tendency to a greater impact of TA for anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, while some samples of adult bulimia nervosa (BN) patients did not find any relation between TA and outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effect of TA on clinical outcome depends on the patient group. TA has a greater impact on adolescents, irrespective of diagnosis, and on adults with AN. The examined studies have different limitations which include small sample sizes and questionable study design. The examination of motivation as a potential influencing factor is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level I, systematic review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-021-01281-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T07:23:29Z","timestamp":1628580209000},"page":"1279-1295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Alliance matters: but how much? A systematic review on therapeutic alliance and outcome in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4846-0391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janina","family":"Werz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Voderholzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brunna","family":"Tuschen-Caffier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1281_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.040","volume":"61","author":"JI Hudson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hudson JI, Hiripi E, Pope HG Jr, Kessler RC (2007) The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Biol Psychiatry 61(3):348\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.040","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"1281_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000278","volume":"29","author":"A Keski-Rahkonen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Keski-Rahkonen A, Mustelin L (2016) Epidemiology of eating disorders in Europe: prevalence, incidence, comorbidity, course, consequences, and risk factors. Curr Opin Psychiatry 29(6):340\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000278","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"1281_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.03.014","volume":"84","author":"T Udo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Udo T, Grilo CM (2018) Prevalence and correlates of DSM-5\u2013defined eating disorders in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Biol Psychiatry 84(5):345\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.03.014","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"1281_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717002604","volume":"48","author":"T Brockmeyer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brockmeyer T, Friederich H-C, Schmidt U (2018) Advances in the treatment of anorexia nervosa: a review of established and emerging interventions. Psychol Med 48(8):1228\u20131256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291717002604","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1281_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e85","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.3554","volume":"17","author":"S Schlegl","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schlegl S, B\u00fcrger C, Schmidt L, Herbst N, Voderholzer U (2015) The potential of technology-based psychological interventions for anorexia and bulimia nervosa: a systematic review and recommendations for future research. J Med Internet Res 17(3):e85\u2013e85. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.3554","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"1281_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.74","volume":"68","author":"J Arcelus","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arcelus J, Mitchell AJ, Wales J, Nielsen S (2011) Mortality rates in patients with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders: a meta-analysis of 36 studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry 68(7):724\u2013731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.74","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1281_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22501","volume":"49","author":"MM Fichter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fichter MM, Quadflieg N (2016) Mortality in eating disorders-results of a large prospective clinical longitudinal study. Int J Eat Disord 49(4):391\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22501","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"1281_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23135","volume":"52","author":"N Quadflieg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Quadflieg N, Strobel C, Naab S, Voderholzer U, Fichter MM (2019) Mortality in males treated for an eating disorder\u2014a large prospective study. Int J Eat Disord 52(12):1365\u20131369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.23135","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"1281_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718003525","volume":"49","author":"J Svaldi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Svaldi J, Schmitz F, Baur J, Hartmann AS, Legenbauer T, Thaler C, von Wietersheim J et al (2018) Efficacy of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies for bulimia nervosa. Psychol Med 49(6):898\u2013910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291718003525","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1281_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.2914","volume":"77","author":"RM Tith","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tith RM, Paradis G, Potter BJ, Low N, Healy-Profit\u00f3s J, He S, Auger N (2020) Association of bulimia nervosa with long-term risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality among women. JAMA Psychiat 77(1):44\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.2914","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"issue":"2","key":"1281_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8020153","volume":"8","author":"G Resmark","year":"2019","unstructured":"Resmark G, Herpertz S, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Zeeck A (2019) Treatment of anorexia nervosa\u2014new evidence-based guidelines. J Clin Med 8(2):153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8020153","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1281_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20372","volume":"40","author":"JR Shapiro","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shapiro JR, Berkman ND, Brownley KA, Sedway JA, Lohr KN, Bulik CM (2007) Bulimia nervosa treatment: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Int J Eat Disord 40(4):321\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.20372","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"1281_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712002620","volume":"43","author":"H Watson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Watson H, Bulik C (2013) Update on the treatment of anorexia nervosa: review of clinical trials, practice guidelines and emerging interventions. Psychol Med 43(12):2477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291712002620","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1281_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718003525","volume":"49","author":"J Svaldi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Svaldi J, Schmitz F, Baur J, Hartmann AS, Legenbauer T, Thaler C, von Wietersheim J et al (2019) Efficacy of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies for bulimia nervosa. Psychol Med 49(6):898\u2013910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291718003525","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1281_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718002088","volume":"49","author":"SB Murray","year":"2019","unstructured":"Murray SB, Quintana DS, Loeb KL, Griffiths S, Le Grange D (2019) Treatment outcomes for anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials\u2014Corrigendum. Psychol Med 49(4):701\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291718002088","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1281_CR16","unstructured":"Health NCCfM (2004) Eating disorders: core interventions in the treatment and management of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and related eating disorders.\u00a0British Psychological Society (UK), Leicester (UK)"},{"key":"1281_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-21442-4","volume-title":"S3-Leitlinie diagnostik und behandlung der essst\u00f6rungen","author":"S Herpertz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Herpertz S, Fichter M, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Hilbert A, Tuschen-Caffier B, Vocks S, Zeeck A (2011) S3-Leitlinie diagnostik und behandlung der essst\u00f6rungen. Springer"},{"key":"1281_CR18","first-page":"307","volume":"5","author":"DE Orlinsky","year":"2004","unstructured":"Orlinsky DE, Ronnestad MH, Willutzki U (2004) Fifty years of psychotherapy process-outcome research: continuity and change. Bergin and Garfield\u2019s Handbook Psychother Behav Change 5:307\u2013389","journal-title":"Bergin and Garfield\u2019s Handbook Psychother Behav Change"},{"issue":"6","key":"1281_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22287","volume":"47","author":"A Brauhardt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brauhardt A, de Zwaan M, Hilbert A (2014) The therapeutic process in psychological treatments for eating disorders: a systematic review. Int J Eat Disord 47(6):565\u2013584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22287","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1281_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/cou0000424","author":"C Fl\u00fcckiger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fl\u00fcckiger C, Del Re A, Wlodasch D, Horvath AO, Solomonov N, Wampold BE (2020) Assessing the alliance\u2013outcome association adjusted for patient characteristics and treatment processes: a meta-analytic summary of direct comparisons. J Couns Psychol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cou0000424","journal-title":"J Couns Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1281_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1037\/pst0000172","volume":"55","author":"C Fl\u00fcckiger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fl\u00fcckiger C, Del Re AC, Wampold BE, Horvath AO (2018) The alliance in adult psychotherapy: a meta-analytic synthesis. Psychotherapy 55(4):316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pst0000172","journal-title":"Psychotherapy"},{"key":"1281_CR22","volume-title":"Evidence-based therapist contributions","author":"JC Norcross","year":"2019","unstructured":"Norcross JC, Lambert MJ (2019) Psychotherapy relationships that work. Evidence-based therapist contributions, vol 1. Oxford University Press, Oxford"},{"key":"1281_CR23","unstructured":"Freud S (1912) The dynamics of transference. Classics in psychoanalytic techniques. Vintage, Harvard"},{"issue":"3","key":"1281_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1037\/h0085885","volume":"16","author":"ES Bordin","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bordin ES (1979) The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychother: Theory Res Pract 16(3):252","journal-title":"Psychother: Theory Res Pract"},{"key":"1281_CR25","unstructured":"Luborsky L (1984) Principles of psychoanalytic psychotherapya manual for supportive-expressive treatment. Basic Books, New York"},{"issue":"3","key":"1281_CR26","first-page":"260","volume":"5","author":"L Luborsky","year":"1996","unstructured":"Luborsky L, Barber JP, Siqueland L, Johnson S, Najavits LM, Frank A, Daley D (1996) The revised helping alliance questionnaire (HAq-II): psychometric properties. J Psychother Pract Res 5(3):260","journal-title":"J Psychother Pract Res"},{"key":"1281_CR27","first-page":"85","volume-title":"The working alliance: theory, research, and practice","author":"L Gaston","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gaston L, Marmar CR (1994) The California psychotherapy alliance Scales. The working alliance: theory, research, and practice. John Wiley & Sons, Oxford, England, pp 85\u2013108"},{"issue":"4","key":"1281_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1080\/10503300701810801","volume":"18","author":"K Shelef","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shelef K, Diamond GM (2008) Short form of the revised vanderbilt therapeutic alliance scale: development, reliability, and validity. Psychother Res 18(4):433\u2013443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10503300701810801","journal-title":"Psychother Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1281_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0167.36.2.223","volume":"36","author":"AO Horvath","year":"1989","unstructured":"Horvath AO, Greenberg LS (1989) Development and validation of the working alliance inventory. J Couns Psychol 36(2):223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-0167.36.2.223","journal-title":"J Couns Psychol"},{"key":"1281_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.02273","author":"EC Gregertsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gregertsen EC, Mandy W, Serpell L (2017) The egosyntonic nature of anorexia: an impediment to recovery in anorexia nervosa treatment. Front Psychol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.02273","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1281_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000254","volume":"126","author":"CA Levinson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Levinson CA, Zerwas S, Calebs B, Forbush K, Kordy H, Watson H, Hofmeier S et al (2017) The core symptoms of bulimia nervosa, anxiety, and depression: a network analysis. J Abnorm Psychol 126(3):340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/abn0000254","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1281_CR32","first-page":"34","volume":"28","author":"P Antoniou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Antoniou P, Cooper M (2013) Psychological treatments for eating disorders: what is the importance of the quality of the therapeutic alliance for outcomes. Couns Psychol Rev 28(4):34\u201346","journal-title":"Couns Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"1281_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22672","volume":"50","author":"T Graves","year":"2017","unstructured":"Graves T, Tabri N, Thompson-Brenner H, Franko DL, Eddy KT, Bourion-Bedes S, Brown A et al (2017) A meta-analysis of the relation between therapeutic alliance and treatment outcome in eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 50(4):323\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22672","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"1281_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2014.964623","volume":"23","author":"S Zaitsoff","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zaitsoff S, Pullmer R, Cyr M, Aime H (2015) The role of the therapeutic alliance in eating disorder treatment outcomes: a systematic review. Eating Disord: J Treat Prev 23(2):99\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10640266.2014.964623","journal-title":"Eating Disord: J Treat Prev"},{"issue":"5","key":"1281_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702620917196","volume":"8","author":"GA Williams-Kerver","year":"2020","unstructured":"Williams-Kerver GA, Wonderlich SA, Crosby RD, Cao L, Smith KE, Engel SG, Crow SJ et al (2020) Differences in affective dynamics among eating-disorder diagnostic groups. Clin Psychol Sci 8(5):857\u2013871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2167702620917196","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci"},{"key":"1281_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.04.005","volume":"110","author":"PM Jenkinson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jenkinson PM, Taylor L, Laws KR (2018) Self-reported interoceptive deficits in eating disorders: a meta-analysis of studies using the eating disorder inventory. J Psychosom Res 110:38\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.04.005","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"1281_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00270","volume":"2","author":"RB Ardito","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ardito RB, Rabellino D (2011) Therapeutic alliance and outcome of psychotherapy: historical excursus, measurements, and prospects for research. Front Psychol 2:270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00270","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"1281_CR38","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1987","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (1987) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 3rd edn. Author, Washington, DC","edition":"3"},{"key":"1281_CR39","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 4th edn. Author, Washington, DC (Text revision)","edition":"4"},{"key":"1281_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5\u00ae). Author, Washington, DC","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"1281_CR41","volume-title":"International statistical classification of diseases and health related problems\u2014ICD-10","author":"World Health Organisation (WHO)","year":"1994","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (WHO) (1994) International statistical classification of diseases and health related problems\u2014ICD-10, 10th edn. WHO, Geneva","edition":"10"},{"key":"1281_CR42","unstructured":"National Heart L, and Blood Institute. Quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. 01.06.2021]; Available from: https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health-topics\/study-quality-assessment-tools"},{"key":"1281_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429258589","volume-title":"Practical statistics for medical research","author":"DG Altman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Altman DG (1990) Practical statistics for medical research. CRC Press, Florida"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"1281_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2013.01.008","volume":"51","author":"A Brown","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brown A, Mountford V, Waller G (2013) Therapeutic alliance and weight gain during cognitive behavioural therapy for anorexia nervosa. Behav Res Ther 51(4\u20135):216\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2013.01.008","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"1281_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22726","volume":"50","author":"J Jordan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jordan J, McIntosh VVW, Carter FA, Joyce PR, Frampton CMA, Luty SE, McKenzie JM et al (2017) Predictors of premature termination from psychotherapy for anorexia nervosa: low treatment credibility, early therapy alliance, and self-transcendence. Int J Eat Disord 50(8):979\u2013983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22726","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"1281_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2013.01.007","volume":"14","author":"R Sly","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sly R, Morgan JF, Mountford VA, Lacey JH (2013) Predicting premature termination of hospitalised treatment for anorexia nervosa: the roles of therapeutic alliance, motivation, and behaviour change. Eat Behav 14(2):119\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2013.01.007","journal-title":"Eat Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"1281_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22190","volume":"47","author":"R Sly","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sly R, Mountford VA, Morgan JF, Lacey JH (2014) Premature termination of treatment for anorexia nervosa: differences between patient-initiated and staff-initiated discharge. Int J Eat Disord 47(1):40\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22190","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"1281_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22187","volume":"46","author":"C Stiles-Shields","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stiles-Shields C, Touyz S, Hay P, Lacey H, Crosby RD, Rieger E, Bamford B et al (2013) Therapeutic alliance in two treatments for adults with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 46(8):783\u2013789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22187","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1281_CR49","volume-title":"Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders","author":"CG Fairburn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fairburn CG (2008) Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders. Guilford Press, New York"},{"issue":"1","key":"1281_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198701)6:1<1::AID-EAT2260060102>3.0.CO;2-9","volume":"6","author":"Z Cooper","year":"1987","unstructured":"Cooper Z, Fairburn C (1987) The eating disorder examination: a semi-structured interview for the assessment of the specific psychopathology of eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 6(1):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1098-108X(198701)6:1%3c1::AID-EAT2260060102%3e3.0.CO;2-9","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1281_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2687","author":"E Marzola","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marzola E, Albini E, Delsedime N, Fassino S, Abbate-Daga G (2019) Therapeutic alliance in inpatients with severe anorexia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.2687","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1281_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2012.06.017","volume":"52","author":"S Bourion-Bedes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bourion-Bedes S, Baumann C, Kermarrec S, Ligier F, Feillet F, Bonnemains C, Guillemin F et al (2013) Prognostic value of early therapeutic alliance in weight recovery: a prospective cohort of 108 adolescents with anorexia nervosa. J Adolesc Health 52(3):344\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2012.06.017","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1281_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22047","volume":"46","author":"S Forsberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Forsberg S, LoTempio E, Bryson S, Fitzpatrick KK, Le Grange D, Lock J (2013) Therapeutic alliance in two treatments for adolescent anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 46(1):34\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22047","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1281_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2242","volume":"22","author":"S Forsberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Forsberg S, LoTempio E, Bryson S, Fitzpatrick KK, Le Grange D, Lock J (2014) Parent\u2013therapist alliance in family-based treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev 22(1):53\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.2242","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1281_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2668","volume":"27","author":"EK Hughes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hughes EK, Sawyer SM, Accurso EC, Singh S, Le Grange D (2019) Predictors of early response in conjoint and separated models of family-based treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev: J Eat Disord Assoc 27(3):283\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.2668","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev: J Eat Disord Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"1281_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023905","volume":"49","author":"L Isserlin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Isserlin L, Couturier J (2012) Therapeutic alliance and family-based treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Psychotherapy 49(1):46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0023905","journal-title":"Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"8","key":"1281_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20303","volume":"39","author":"T Pereira","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pereira T, Lock J, Oggins J (2006) Role of therapeutic alliance in family therapy for adolescent anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 39(8):677\u2013684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.20303","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1281_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2016.06.017","volume":"22","author":"RD Rienecke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rienecke RD, Richmond R, Lebow J (2016) Therapeutic alliance, expressed emotion, and treatment outcome for anorexia nervosa in a family-based partial hospitalization program. Eat Behav 22:124\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2016.06.017","journal-title":"Eat Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"1281_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000021","volume":"83","author":"EC Accurso","year":"2015","unstructured":"Accurso EC, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Ciao A, Cao L, Crosby RD, Smith TL, Klein MH et al (2015) Therapeutic alliance in a randomized clinical trial for bulimia nervosa. J Consult Clin Psychol 83(3):637\u2013642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ccp0000021","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1281_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.2.203","volume":"73","author":"MJ Constantino","year":"2005","unstructured":"Constantino MJ, Arnow BA, Blasey C, Agras WS (2005) The association between patient characteristics and the therapeutic alliance in cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal therapy for bulimia nervosa. J Consult Clin Psychol 73(2):203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.73.2.203","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1281_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.6.1097","volume":"73","author":"KL Loeb","year":"2005","unstructured":"Loeb KL, Wilson GT, Labouvie E, Pratt EM, Hayaki J, Walsh BT, Agras WS et al (2005) Therapeutic alliance and treatment adherence in two interventions for bulimia nervosa: a study of process and outcome. J Consult Clin Psychol 73(6):1097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.73.6.1097","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1281_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2019.02.005","volume":"116","author":"ML Pellizzer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pellizzer ML, Waller G, Wade TD (2019) Predictors of outcome in cognitive behavioural therapy for eating disorders: an exploratory study. Behav Res Ther 116:61\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2019.02.005","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1281_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.04.004","volume":"57","author":"BC Raykos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Raykos BC, McEvoy PM, Erceg-Hurn D, Byrne SM, Fursland A, Nathan P (2014) Therapeutic alliance in enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy for bulimia nervosa: probably necessary but definitely insufficient. Behav Res Ther 57:65\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2014.04.004","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"1281_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00149-1","volume":"37","author":"JL Treasure","year":"1999","unstructured":"Treasure JL, Katzman M, Schmidt U, Troop N, Todd G, de Silva P (1999) Engagement and outcome in the treatment of bulimia nervosa: first phase of a sequential design comparing motivation enhancement therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy. Behav Res Ther 37(5):405\u2013418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00149-1","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"1281_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.67.4.451","volume":"67","author":"GT Wilson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wilson GT, Loeb KL, Walsh BT, Labouvie E, Petkova E, Liu X, Waternaux C (1999) Psychological versus pharmacological treatments of bulimia nervosa: predictors and processes of change. J Consult Clin Psychol 67(4):451","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1281_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021166","volume":"47","author":"A Hartmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hartmann A, Orlinsky D, Weber S, Sandholz A, Zeeck A (2010) Session and intersession experience related to treatment outcome in bulimia nervosa. Psychother: Theory Res Pract Train 47(3):355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0021166","journal-title":"Psychother: Theory Res Pract Train"},{"issue":"3","key":"1281_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2511","volume":"25","author":"J Treasure","year":"2017","unstructured":"Treasure J, Cardi V (2017) Anorexia nervosa, theory and treatment: Where are we 35 years on from Hilde Bruch\u2019s foundation lecture? Eur Eat Disord Rev 25(3):139\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.2511","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"1281_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20515","volume":"41","author":"S Zaitsoff","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zaitsoff S, Celio Doyle A, Hoste RR, le Grange D (2008) How do adolescents with bulimia nervosa rate the acceptability and therapeutic relationship in family-based treatment? Int J Eat Disord 41(5):390\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.20515","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1281_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.08.006","volume":"73","author":"H Turner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Turner H, Bryant-Waugh R, Marshall E (2015) The impact of early symptom change and therapeutic alliance on treatment outcome in cognitive-behavioural therapy for eating disorders. Behav Res Ther 73:165\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2015.08.006","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1281_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20914","volume":"45","author":"G Waller","year":"2012","unstructured":"Waller G, Evans J, Stringer H (2012) The therapeutic alliance in the early part of cognitive-behavioral therapy for the eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 45(1):63\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.20914","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"1281_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22837","volume":"51","author":"G Waller","year":"2018","unstructured":"Waller G, Tatham M, Turner H, Mountford VA, Bennetts A, Bramwell K, Dodd J et al (2018) A 10-session cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT-T) for eating disorders: outcomes from a case series of nonunderweight adult patients. Int J Eat Disord 51(3):262\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22837","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"1281_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.5334\/pb.297","volume":"56","author":"J van der Kaap-Deeder","year":"2016","unstructured":"van der Kaap-Deeder J, Smets J, Boone L (2016) The impeding role of self-critical perfectionism on therapeutic alliance during treatment and eating disorder symptoms at follow-up in patients with an eating disorder. Psychol Belg 56(2):101\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/pb.297","journal-title":"Psychol Belg"},{"key":"1281_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-016-0102-6","volume":"4","author":"C Stiles-Shields","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stiles-Shields C, Bamford BH, Touyz S, Le Grange D, Hay P, Lacey H (2016) Predictors of therapeutic alliance in two treatments for adults with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa. J Eat Disord 4:13\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-016-0102-6","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1281_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1010-7","volume":"16","author":"H Roux","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roux H, Ali A, Lambert S, Radon L, Huas C, Curt F, Berthoz S et al (2016) Predictive factors of dropout from inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa. BMC Psychiatry 16(1):339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-016-1010-7","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1281_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(98)00012-9","volume":"18","author":"K Vitousek","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vitousek K, Watson S, Wilson GT (1998) Enhancing motivation for change in treatment-resistant eating disorders. Clin Psychol Rev 18(4):391\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0272-7358(98)00012-9","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"1281_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-017-0229-1","volume":"54","author":"TC Cheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheng TC, Lo CC (2018) A longitudinal analysis of factors associated with therapeutic alliances. Community Ment Health J 54(6):782\u2013792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10597-017-0229-1","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J"},{"issue":"2","key":"1281_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2006.04.001","volume":"31","author":"MA Ilgen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ilgen MA, McKellar J, Moos R, Finney JW (2006) Therapeutic alliance and the relationship between motivation and treatment outcomes in patients with alcohol use disorder. J Subst Abuse Treat 31(2):157\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2006.04.001","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"3","key":"1281_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00935.x","volume":"100","author":"PS Meier","year":"2005","unstructured":"Meier PS, Barrowclough C, Donmall MC (2005) The role of the therapeutic alliance in the treatment of substance misuse: a critical review of the literature. Addiction 100(3):304\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00935.x","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"1281_CR79","first-page":"3","volume":"3","author":"B Duncan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Duncan B, Miller S, Sparks J, Claud D, Reynolds L, Brown J, Johnson L (2003) The session rating scale: preliminary psychometric properties of a \u201cworking\u201d alliance measure. J Brief Therapy 3(1):3\u201312","journal-title":"J Brief Therapy"},{"issue":"12","key":"1281_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23151","volume":"52","author":"C Strobel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Strobel C, Quadflieg N, Naab S, Voderholzer U, Fichter MM (2019) Long-term outcomes in treated males with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa\u2014a prospective, gender-matched study. Int J Eat Disord 52(12):1353\u20131364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.23151","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"}],"container-title":["Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40519-021-01281-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40519-021-01281-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40519-021-01281-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]],"date-time":"2022-05-07T07:23:29Z","timestamp":1651908209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40519-021-01281-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-021-01281-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1262"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1262","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"As this review only used previously published data and there was no direct involvement of human participation, no approval by the ethics committee was required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}