{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T00:20:04Z","timestamp":1793751604121,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eat Weight Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The concept of \"Food Addiction\" has been based on criteria of Substance Use Disorder. Several studies suggested a relationship between food addiction and eating disorders, but little is known about its extent or role.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>We aim at exploring if food addiction is coincident with a specific eating disorder (binge eating disorder appears the closest) or it is a separate diagnostic entity that afflicts in comorbidity with eating disorders or other conditions like obesity or even in the general population.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This systematic review and meta-analysis analyzed observational studies with a comparative estimation on rates of subjects affected by binge eating disorder and food addiction.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Binge eating disorder shows higher comorbidity with food addiction compared to other eating disorders (OR\u2009=\u20091.33, 95% CI, 0.64\u20132.76; c<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20094.42; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.44;I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090%), or each eating disorder [anorexia nervosa purging type (OR\u2009=\u20091.93, 95% CI, 0.20\u201318.92; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.57) and restrictive type (OR\u2009=\u20098.75, 95% CI, 1.08\u201370.70; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04)], obese patients (OR\u2009=\u20095.72, 95% CI, 3.25\u201310.09; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and individuals from the general population (OR\u2009=\u200955.41, 95% CI, 8.16\u2013376.10; c<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200918.50; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090%)but has decreased prevalence when compared to bulimia nervosa (OR\u2009=\u20090.85, 95% CI, 0.33\u20132.22; c<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.35; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.74; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090%).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our data show that the prevalence of food addiction in binge eating disorder is higher than in other eating disorders except in bulimia nervosa. Moreover, it is a separate diagnostic reality and can be detected in people without mental illness and in the general population.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Food addiction might have a prognostic value, since in comorbidity, and should be addressed to boost treatment efficacy and patient\u2019s recovery.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>I: Evidence obtained systematic reviews and meta-analyses.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-021-01354-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T12:02:56Z","timestamp":1642507376000},"page":"1963-1970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Disentangling binge eating disorder and food addiction: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5433-1268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ester","family":"di Giacomo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Aliberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Pescatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Santorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Pessina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Placenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizia","family":"Colmegna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Clerici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1354_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2009.05.018","volume":"53","author":"C Davis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Davis C, Carter JC (2009) Compulsive overeating as an addiction disorder. 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