{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T18:13:52Z","timestamp":1793297632616,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007052","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Verona","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eat Weight Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The prevalence of obesity, a chronic disease, is increasing, and obesity is now considered a global epidemic. Eye diseases are also increasing worldwide and have serious repercussions on quality of life as well as increasingly high costs for the community. The relationships between obesity and ocular pathologies are not yet well clarified and are not pathologically homogeneous: they seem to be somehow linked to excess body fat, especially to the distribution of adipose tissue and its ectopic deposits.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our objective was to examine the associations between obesity and anthropometric indices, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and the waist\/hip ratio (WHR), and the risk of most widespread eye diseases, with particular attention given to the most significant metabolic mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This article provides a narrative overview of the effect of obesity and anthropometric measurements of body fat on prevalent eye diseases. We used the MEDLINE\/PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from 1984 to 2024. In addition, we hand-searched references from the retrieved articles and explored a number of related websites. A total of 153 publications were considered.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There is significant evidence that obesity is associated with several eye diseases. Waist circumference (WC) and the waist\/hip ratio (WHR) have been observed to have stronger positive associations with eye diseases than BMI.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Obesity must be considered a significant risk factor for eye diseases; hence, a multidisciplinary and multidimensional approach to treating obesity, which also affects ocular health, is important. In the prevention and treatment of eye diseases related to obesity, lifestyle factors, especially diet and physical activity, as well as weight changes, both weight loss and weight gain, should not be overlooked.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Level V narrative review.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-024-01662-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T17:01:54Z","timestamp":1715014914000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Obesity, body fat distribution and eye diseases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Bosello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angiola","family":"Vanzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Zaffalon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Polinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Saggin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Bonacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Pedrotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Marchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ottavio","family":"Bosello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1662_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2022.155217","volume":"133","author":"C Boutari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boutari C, Mantzoros CS (2022) A 2022 update on the epidemiology of obesity and a call to action: as its twin COVID-19 pandemic appears to be receding, the obesity and dysmetabolism pandemic continues to rage on. Metabolism 133:155217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2022.155217","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"1662_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) Covariates 1980\u20132019. Seattle, United States of America: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6069\/CFCY-WA51.","DOI":"10.6069\/CFCY-WA51"},{"key":"1662_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2017-000415","volume":"5","author":"I Owei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Owei I, Umekwe N, Provo C et al (2017) Insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant obese and non-obese phenotypes: role in prediction of incident pre-diabetes in a longitudinal biracial cohort. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 5:e000415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjdrc-2017-000415","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"key":"1662_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy055","volume":"10","author":"B Caballero","year":"2019","unstructured":"Caballero B (2019) Humans against obesity: who will win? Adv Nutr 10:S4\u2013S9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/advances\/nmy055","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"1662_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e888","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30293-0","volume":"5","author":"RRA Bourne","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bourne RRA, Flaxman SR, Braithwaite T et al (2017) Magnitude, temporal trends, and projections of the global prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health 5:e888\u2013e897. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30293-0","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"1662_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e130","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30425-3","volume":"9","author":"R Bourne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bourne R, Steinmetz JD, Flaxman S et al (2021) Trends in prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment over 30 years: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet Glob Health 9:e130\u2013e143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30425-3","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"1662_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e144","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30489-7","volume":"9","author":"JD Steinmetz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Steinmetz JD, Bourne RRA, Briant PS et al (2021) Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet Glob Health 9:e144\u2013e160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30489-7","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"1662_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1221","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30393-5","volume":"5","author":"SR Flaxman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Flaxman SR, Bourne RRA, Resnikoff S et al (2017) Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990\u20132020: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health 5:e1221\u2013e1234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30393-5","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"1662_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.47391\/JPMA.22-020","volume":"72","author":"N Kapoor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kapoor N, Jasper S, Kalra S (2022) Ocular manifestations of obesity: beyond what meets the eye. J Pak Med Assoc 72:574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47391\/JPMA.22-020","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"1662_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pbj.0000000000000104","volume":"5","author":"M Lima-Fontes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lima-Fontes M, Barata P, Falc\u00e3o M, Carneiro \u00c2 (2020) Ocular findings in metabolic syndrome: a review. Porto Biomed J 5:104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pbj.0000000000000104","journal-title":"Porto Biomed J"},{"key":"1662_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-021-00829-y","volume":"45","author":"C Ng Yin Ling","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ng Yin Ling C, Lim SC, Jonas JB, Sabanayagam C (2021) Obesity and risk of age-related eye diseases: a systematic review of prospective population-based studies. Int J Obes 45:1863\u20131885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41366-021-00829-y","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"1662_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2009.0777","volume":"85","author":"PA Ades","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ades PA, Savage PD (2010) The obesity paradox: perception vs knowledge. Mayo Clin Proc 85:112\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/mcp.2009.0777","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"1662_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-019-00815-4","volume":"26","author":"O Bosello","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bosello O, Vanzo A (2021) Obesity paradox and aging. Eat Weight Disord - Stud Anorex Bulim Obes 26:27\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-019-00815-4","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord - Stud Anorex Bulim Obes"},{"key":"1662_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100090057023","volume":"113","author":"RJ Glynn","year":"1995","unstructured":"Glynn RJ (1995) Body mass index: an independent predictor of cataract. Arch Ophthalmol 113:1131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100090057023","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.6.1495","volume":"72","author":"DA Schaumberg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schaumberg DA, Glynn RJ, Christen WG et al (2000) Relations of body fat distribution and height with cataract in men. Am J Clin Nutr 72:1495\u20131502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/72.6.1495","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1662_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580902737532","volume":"16","author":"RJ Glynn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Glynn RJ, Rosner B, Christen WG (2009) Evaluation of risk factors for cataract types in a competing risks framework. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 16:98\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09286580902737532","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"1662_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185403","volume":"12","author":"TW Elffers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Elffers TW, de Mutsert R, Lamb HJ et al (2017) Body fat distribution, in particular visceral fat, is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in obese women. PLoS ONE 12:e0185403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0185403","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1662_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1076\/0928-6586(200006)721-ZFT103","volume":"7","author":"NG Rowe","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rowe NG, Mitchell PG, Cumming RG, Wans JJ (2000) Diabetes, fasting blood glucose and age-related cataract: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 7:103\u2013114","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"1662_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(98)00049-0","volume":"9","author":"DA Schaumberg","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schaumberg DA, Ridker PM, Glynn RJ et al (1999) High levels of plasma C-reactive protein and future risk of age-related cataract. Ann Epidemiol 9:166\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1047-2797(98)00049-0","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"1662_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3109\/02713688408997186","volume":"3","author":"SD Varma","year":"1984","unstructured":"Varma SD, Chand D, Sharma YR et al (1984) Oxidative stress on lens and cataract formation: role of light and oxygen. Curr Eye Res 3:35\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/02713688408997186","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"1662_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.12.1971","volume":"22","author":"ES Ford","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ford ES (1999) Body mass index, diabetes, and C-reactive protein among U.S. adults. Diabetes Care 22:1971\u20131977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.22.12.1971","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1662_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)70223-5","volume":"119","author":"BEK Klein","year":"1995","unstructured":"Klein BEK, Klein R, Jensen SC, Linton KLP (1995) Hypertension and lens opacities from the beaver dam eye study. Am J Ophthalmol 119:640\u2013646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)70223-5","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3182644cd1","volume":"89","author":"CM Machan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Machan CM, Hrynchak PK, Irving EL (2012) Age-related cataract is associated with type 2 diabetes and statin use. Optom Vis Sci 89:1165\u20131171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3182644cd1","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"1662_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2006.07.005","volume":"17","author":"SA Ritchie","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ritchie SA, Connell JMC (2007) The link between abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 17:319\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.numecd.2006.07.005","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"1662_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2020.04.18","volume":"13","author":"H Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang H (2020) Physical activity and risk of age-related cataract. Int J Ophthalmol 13:643\u2013649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18240\/ijo.2020.04.18","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0081-8","volume":"32","author":"SR Ong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ong SR, Crowston JG, Loprinzi PD, Ramulu PY (2018) Physical activity, visual impairment, and eye disease. Eye 32:1296\u20131303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-018-0081-8","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"1662_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.08.023","volume":"122","author":"J Zheng Selin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zheng Selin J, Orsini N, Ejdervik Lindblad B, Wolk A (2015) Long-term physical activity and risk of age-related cataract. Ophthalmology 122:274\u2013280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.08.023","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1662_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215212","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1215212","volume":"10","author":"S Niazi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Niazi S, Moshirfar M, Dastjerdi MH et al (2024) Association between obesity and age-related cataract: an updated systematic review and dose\u2013response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Front Nutr 10:1215212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1215212","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"1662_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.11.003","volume":"119","author":"EE Chang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chang EE, Goldberg JL (2012) Glaucoma 2.0: neuroprotection, neuroregeneration. Neuroenhancement Ophthalmol 119:979\u2013986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.11.003","journal-title":"Neuroenhancement Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR30","first-page":"73","volume":"89","author":"AC Gauthier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gauthier AC, Liu J (2016) Neurodegeneration and neuroprotection in glaucoma. Yale J Biol Med 89:73\u201379","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"1662_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9394(03)00143-0","volume":"136","author":"PR Lichter","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lichter PR (2003) Glaucoma clinical trials and what they mean for our patients. Am J Ophthalmol 136:136\u2013145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9394(03)00143-0","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1991.01080080050026","volume":"109","author":"A Sommer","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sommer A (1991) Relationship between intraocular pressure and primary open angle glaucoma among white and black Americans: the Baltimore eye survey. Arch Ophthalmol 109:1090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.1991.01080080050026","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114058","volume":"9","author":"YK Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim YK, Choi HJ, Jeoung JW et al (2014) Five-year incidence of primary open-angle glaucoma and rate of progression in health center-based Korean population: The Gangnam Eye Study. PLoS ONE 9:e114058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0114058","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1662_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2020.06.001","volume":"256","author":"Y Sakurada","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sakurada Y, Mabuchi F, Kashiwagi K (2020) Genetics of primary open-angle glaucoma and its endophenotypes. Prog Brain Res 256:31\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.pbr.2020.06.001","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"1662_CR35","first-page":"706","volume":"117","author":"B Fan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fan B, Leung Y, Wang N et al (2004) Genetic and environmental risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma. Chin Med J 117:706\u2013710","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"1662_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2008.01705.x","volume":"36","author":"J Kountouras","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kountouras J, Zavos C, Grigoriadis N et al (2008) Helicobacter pylori infection as a risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 36:196\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2008.01705.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115625","volume":"10","author":"Y Shi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shi Y, Liu P, Guan J et al (2015) Association between glaucoma and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a meta-analysis and systematic review. PLoS ONE 10:e0115625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0115625","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1662_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000019468","volume":"99","author":"L-H Chuang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chuang L-H, Koh Y-Y, Chen HSL et al (2020) Normal tension glaucoma in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a structural and functional study. Medicine 99:e19468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000019468","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"1662_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13693","volume":"96","author":"E Yamada","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yamada E, Himori N, Kunikata H et al (2018) The relationship between increased oxidative stress and visual field defect progression in glaucoma patients with sleep apnoea syndrome. Acta Ophthalmol 96:e479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.13693","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.05.030","volume":"119","author":"X Jiang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jiang X, Varma R, Wu S et al (2012) Baseline risk factors that predict the development of open-angle glaucoma in a population. Ophthalmology 119:2245\u20132253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.05.030","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1662_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2011.03.006","volume":"21","author":"LA Wise","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wise LA, Rosenberg L, Radin RG et al (2011) A prospective study of diabetes, lifestyle factors, and glaucoma among African-American women. Ann Epidemiol 21:430\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2011.03.006","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"1662_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0270-y","volume":"32","author":"H Springelkamp","year":"2017","unstructured":"Springelkamp H, Wolfs RC, Ramdas WD et al (2017) Incidence of glaucomatous visual field loss after two decades of follow-up: the Rotterdam Study. Eur J Epidemiol 32:691\u2013699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-017-0270-y","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1662_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.12.017","volume":"117","author":"LR Pasquale","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pasquale LR, Willett WC, Rosner BA, Kang JH (2010) Anthropometric measures and their relation to incident primary open-angle glaucoma. Ophthalmology 117:1521\u20131529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.12.017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1662_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.373","volume":"129","author":"WD Ramdas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ramdas WD (2011) Lifestyle and risk of developing open-angle glaucoma: the Rotterdam Study. Arch Ophthalmol 129:767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.373","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18373","volume":"57","author":"F Ko","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ko F, Boland MV, Gupta P et al (2016) Diabetes, triglyceride levels, and other risk factors for glaucoma in the national health and nutrition examination survey 2005\u20132008. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 57:2152\u20132157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.15-18373","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"1662_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146057","volume":"11","author":"D Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao D, Kim MH, Pastor-Barriuso R et al (2016) A longitudinal study of association between adiposity markers and intraocular pressure: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study. PLoS ONE 11:e0146057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0146057","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1662_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.835524","volume":"13","author":"Y Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin Y, Zhu X, Luo W et al (2022) The causal association between obesity and primary open-angle glaucoma: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 13:835524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2022.835524","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"1662_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076434","volume":"8","author":"V Nangia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nangia V, Jonas JB, Matin A et al (2013) Prevalence and associated factors of glaucoma in rural central India. The Central India Eye and Medical Study. PLoS ONE 8:e76434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0076434","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1662_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13369","volume":"34","author":"R Zarei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zarei R, Anvari P, Eslami Y et al (2017) Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness is reduced in metabolic syndrome. Diabet Med 34:1061\u20131066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.13369","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"1662_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021166","volume":"24","author":"S Pezzino","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pezzino S, Sofia M, Greco LP et al (2023) Microbiome dysbiosis: a pathological mechanism at the intersection of obesity and glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 24:1166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24021166","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1662_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2021.11.007","volume":"67","author":"JS Xie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xie JS, Donaldson L, Margolin E (2022) Papilledema: a review of etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Surv Ophthalmol 67:1135\u20131159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.survophthal.2021.11.007","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8220","volume":"53","author":"JP Berdahl","year":"2012","unstructured":"Berdahl JP, Fleischman D, Zaydlarova J et al (2012) Body mass index has a linear relationship with cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Investig Opthalmol Vis Sci 53:1422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.11-8220","journal-title":"Investig Opthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"1662_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0238-5","volume":"33","author":"SP Mollan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mollan SP, Aguiar M, Evison F et al (2019) The expanding burden of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Eye 33:478\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-018-0238-5","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"1662_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-011-1746-1","volume":"250","author":"R Ren","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ren R, Wang N, Zhang X et al (2012) Cerebrospinal fluid pressure correlated with body mass index. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 250:445\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-011-1746-1","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13181-6","volume":"12","author":"CSJ Westgate","year":"2022","unstructured":"Westgate CSJ, Hagen SM, Israelsen IME et al (2022) The impact of obesity-related raised intracranial pressure in rodents. Sci Rep 12:9102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-13181-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1662_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00298-7","volume":"15","author":"KA Markey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Markey KA, Mollan SP, Jensen RH, Sinclair AJ (2016) Understanding idiopathic intracranial hypertension: mechanisms, management, and future directions. Lancet Neurol 15:78\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00298-7","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1662_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004376","volume":"4","author":"HM Yri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yri HM, Fagerlund B, Forchhammer HB, Jensen RH (2014) Cognitive function in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a prospective case\u2013control study. BMJ Open 4:e004376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004376","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"1662_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e31823f852d","volume":"33","author":"AJ Szewka","year":"2013","unstructured":"Szewka AJ, Bruce BB, Newman NJ, Biousse V (2013) Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: relation between obesity and visual outcomes. J Neuroophthalmol 33:4\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNO.0b013e31823f852d","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3312","volume":"311","author":"M Wall","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wall M, McDermott MP, Kieburtz KD et al (2014) Effect of acetazolamide on visual function in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension and mild visual loss: the idiopathic intracranial hypertension treatment trial. JAMA 311:1641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2014.3312","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1662_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20180006","volume":"81","author":"F Koc","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koc F, Isik MR, Sefi-Yurdakul N (2018) Weight reduction for a better visual outcome in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Arq Bras Oftalmol 81:18\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5935\/0004-2749.20180006","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800758","volume":"23","author":"F Rowe","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rowe F, Sarkies N (1999) The relationship between obesity and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Int J Obes 23:54\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800758","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"1662_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2021.02.009","volume":"9","author":"Y Deng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deng Y, Qiao L, Du M et al (2022) Age-related macular degeneration: epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and targeted therapy. Genes Dis 9:62\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gendis.2021.02.009","journal-title":"Genes Dis"},{"key":"1662_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","volume":"2","author":"WL Wong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wong WL, Su X, Li X et al (2014) Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2:e106\u2013e116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"1662_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1076\/opep.8.4.251.1612","volume":"8","author":"BEK Klein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Klein BEK, Klein R, Lee KE, Jensen SC (2001) Measures of obesity and age-related eye diseases. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 8:251\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1076\/opep.8.4.251.1612","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"1662_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.11.1554","volume":"126","author":"A Peeters","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peeters A (2008) Changes in abdominal obesity and age-related macular degeneration: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Arch Ophthalmol 126:1554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.126.11.1554","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.05.016","volume":"180","author":"MB McGuinness","year":"2017","unstructured":"McGuinness MB, Le J, Mitchell P et al (2017) Physical activity and age-related macular degeneration: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Am J Ophthalmol 180:29\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.05.016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.5.1215","volume":"84","author":"AK Kant","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kant AK, Graubard BI (2006) Secular trends in patterns of self-reported food consumption of adult Americans: NHANES 1971\u20131975 to NHANES 1999\u20132002. Am J Clin Nutr 84:1215\u20131223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/84.5.1215","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1662_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.08.018","volume":"128","author":"E Agr\u00f3n","year":"2021","unstructured":"Agr\u00f3n E, Mares J, Clemons TE et al (2021) Dietary nutrient intake and progression to late age-related macular degeneration in the age-related eye disease studies 1 and 2. Ophthalmology 128:425\u2013442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.08.018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1662_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15191","volume":"100","author":"EM Pameijer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pameijer EM, Heus P, Damen JAA et al (2022) What did we learn in 35 years of research on nutrition and supplements for age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review. Acta Ophthalmol 100:e1541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.15191","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.09.036","volume":"198","author":"APM De Koning-Backus","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Koning-Backus APM, Buitendijk GHS, Kiefte-de Jong JC et al (2019) Intake of vegetables, fruit, and fish is beneficial for age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 198:70\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.09.036","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-018-1771-5","volume":"58","author":"M Dinu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dinu M, Pagliai G, Casini A, Sofi F (2019) Food groups and risk of age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 58:2123\u20132143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-018-1771-5","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"1662_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000000214","volume":"108","author":"N Gray","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gray N, Picone G, Sloan F, Yashkin A (2015) Relation between BMI and diabetes mellitus and its complications among US older adults. South Med J 108:29\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000000214","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"1662_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132492","volume":"10","author":"H-P Hammes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hammes H-P, Welp R, Kempe H-P et al (2015) Risk factors for retinopathy and DME in type 2 diabetes\u2014results from the German\/Austrian DPV database. PLoS ONE 10:e0132492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0132492","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1662_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.08.023","volume":"115","author":"R Klein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Klein R, Knudtson MD, Lee KE et al (2008) The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: XXII the twenty-five-year progression of retinopathy in persons with type 1 diabetes. Ophthalmology 115:1859\u20131868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.08.023","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1662_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1909","volume":"35","author":"JWY Yau","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yau JWY, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R et al (2012) Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care 35:556\u2013564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc11-1909","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1662_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000019236","volume":"99","author":"L Yin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yin L, Zhang D, Ren Q et al (2020) Prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients: a community based cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 99:e19236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000019236","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"1662_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/48120","volume":"10","author":"J Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen J, Li YT, Niu Z et al (2024) Association of visceral obesity indices with incident diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes: prospective cohort study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 10:e48120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/48120","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"key":"1662_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-015-9310-7","volume":"16","author":"R Cheng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cheng R, Ma J (2015) Angiogenesis in diabetes and obesity. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 16:67\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11154-015-9310-7","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"1662_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v8.i7.317","volume":"8","author":"O Mbata","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mbata O, El-Magd NFA, El-Remessy AB (2017) Obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetic retinopathy: beyond hyperglycemia. World J Diabetes 8:317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4239\/wjd.v8.i7.317","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"1662_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/136584","volume":"2013","author":"E Fuentes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fuentes E, Fuentes F, Vilahur G et al (2013) Mechanisms of chronic state of inflammation as mediators that link obese adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2013:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/136584","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"1662_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12809\/hkmj164869","author":"N Wat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Wat N, Wong RL, Wong IY (2016) Associations between diabetic retinopathy and systemic risk factors. Hong Kong Med J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12809\/hkmj164869","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"key":"1662_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2165\/00129784-200303050-00004","volume":"3","author":"A Misra","year":"2003","unstructured":"Misra A, Kumar S, Kishore Vikram N, Kumar A (2003) The role of lipids in the development of diabetic microvascular complications: implications for therapy. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 3:325\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00129784-200303050-00004","journal-title":"Am J Cardiovasc Drugs"},{"key":"1662_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.2174\/157339912799424564","volume":"8","author":"D Gupta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gupta D, Krueger BC, Lastra G (2012) Over-nutrition, obesity and insulin resistance in the development of \u03b2-cell dysfunction. Curr Diabetes Rev 8:76\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/157339912799424564","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rev"},{"key":"1662_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.6.1731","volume":"26","author":"RJ Tapp","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tapp RJ, Shaw JE, Harper CA et al (2003) The prevalence of and factors associated with diabetic retinopathy in the Australian population. Diabetes Care 26:1731\u20131737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.26.6.1731","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1662_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-018-0018-0","volume":"8","author":"JCY Chan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chan JCY, Chee ML, Tan NYQ et al (2018) Differential effect of body mass index on the incidence of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in two Asian populations. Nutr Diabetes 8:16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41387-018-0018-0","journal-title":"Nutr Diabetes"},{"key":"1662_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.5103","volume":"134","author":"REK Man","year":"2016","unstructured":"Man REK, Sabanayagam C, Chiang PP-C et al (2016) Differential association of generalized and abdominal obesity with diabetic retinopathy in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes. JAMA Ophthalmol 134:251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.5103","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.28238","author":"Y AlQabandi","year":"2022","unstructured":"AlQabandi Y, Nandula SA, Boddepalli CS et al (2022) Physical activity status and diabetic retinopathy: a review. Cureus. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.28238","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"1662_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-020-0584-9","volume":"44","author":"M Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu M, Lycett K, Wong TY et al (2020) Do body mass index and waist-to-height ratio over the preceding decade predict retinal microvasculature in 11\u201312 year olds and midlife adults? Int J Obes 44:1712\u20131722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41366-020-0584-9","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"1662_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052708","volume":"8","author":"A Boillot","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boillot A, Zoungas S, Mitchell P et al (2013) Obesity and the microvasculature: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 8:e52708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0052708","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1662_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-4090","volume":"141","author":"S K\u00f6chli","year":"2018","unstructured":"K\u00f6chli S, Endes K, Infanger D et al (2018) Obesity, blood pressure, and retinal vessels: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 141:e20174090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2017-4090","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1662_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2011.00956.x","volume":"13","author":"D Montero","year":"2012","unstructured":"Montero D, Walther G, Perez-Martin A et al (2012) Endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress in obese children and adolescents: markers and effect of lifestyle intervention. Obes Rev 13:441\u2013455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2011.00956.x","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"1662_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071089","volume":"8","author":"V Daien","year":"2013","unstructured":"Daien V, Carriere I, Kawasaki R et al (2013) Retinal vascular caliber is associated with cardiovascular biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation: The POLA Study. PLoS ONE 8:e71089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0071089","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1662_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2022.09.012","volume":"246","author":"Q Ding","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ding Q, Wu H, Wang W et al (2023) Association of body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio with retinal microvasculature in healthy Chinese adults: an optical coherence tomography angiography study. Am J Ophthalmol 246:96\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2022.09.012","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2000.4","volume":"14","author":"O Backhouse","year":"2000","unstructured":"Backhouse O, Parapia L, Mahomed I, Lee D (2000) Familial thrombophilia and retinal vein occlusion. Eye 14:13\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.2000.4","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"1662_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.10.039","volume":"112","author":"T Wong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wong T, Larsen E, Klein R et al (2005) Cardiovascular risk factors for retinal vein occlusion and arteriolar emboli the atherosclerosis risk in communities & cardiovascular health studies. Ophthalmology 112:540\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.10.039","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1662_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/00063198-200309000-00008","volume":"9","author":"JM Lahey","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lahey JM, Kearney JJ, Tunc M (2003) Hypercoagulable states and central retinal vein occlusion. Curr Opin Pulm Med 9:385\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00063198-200309000-00008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"1662_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-010-0335-4","volume":"21","author":"NT Nguyen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nguyen NT, Nguyen X-MT, Lane J, Wang P (2011) Relationship between obesity and diabetes in a US adult population: findings from the national health and nutrition examination survey, 1999\u20132006. Obes Surg 21:351\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11695-010-0335-4","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"1662_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1159\/000073587","volume":"32","author":"D Prisco","year":"2002","unstructured":"Prisco D, Marcucci R (2002) Retinal vein thrombosis: risk factors, pathogenesis and therapeutic approach. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb 32:308\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000073587","journal-title":"Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb"},{"key":"1662_CR99","first-page":"2661","volume":"45","author":"MK Robinson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Robinson MK, Halpern JI (1992) Retinal vein occlusion. Am Fam Physician 45:2661\u20132666","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"1662_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2004.10.003","volume":"5","author":"M Nieuwdorp","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nieuwdorp M, Stroes ES, Meijers JC, B\u00fcller H (2005) Hypercoagulability in the metabolic syndrome. Curr Opin Pharmacol 5:155\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coph.2004.10.003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1662_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-023-03149-z","volume":"23","author":"J Gu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gu J, Lei C, Zhang M (2023) Folate and retinal vascular diseases. BMC Ophthalmol 23:413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-023-03149-z","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10512","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67375-x","volume":"10","author":"DW Paik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paik DW, Han K, Kang SW et al (2020) Differential effect of obesity on the incidence of retinal vein occlusion with and without diabetes: a Korean nationwide cohort study. Sci Rep 10:10512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-67375-x","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1662_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0000000000000004","volume":"22","author":"A Goyal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goyal A, Nimmakayala KR, Zonszein J (2014) Is there a paradox in obesity? Cardiol Rev 22:163\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CRD.0000000000000004","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"1662_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.11.058","volume":"57","author":"T Coutinho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Coutinho T, Goel K, Corr\u00eaa De S\u00e1 D et al (2011) Central obesity and survival in subjects with coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 57:1877\u20131886. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.11.058","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1662_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.10.063","volume":"57","author":"J-P Despr\u00e9s","year":"2011","unstructured":"Despr\u00e9s J-P (2011) Excess visceral adipose tissue\/ectopic fat. J Am Coll Cardiol 57:1887\u20131889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.10.063","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1662_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.08.012","volume":"61","author":"CMY Lee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lee CMY, Huxley RR, Wildman RP, Woodward M (2008) Indices of abdominal obesity are better discriminators of cardiovascular risk factors than BMI: a meta-analysis. J Clin Epidemiol 61:646\u2013653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.08.012","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"1662_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2017-134891","volume":"93","author":"U Krishna","year":"2017","unstructured":"Krishna U, Ajanaku D, Denniston AK, Gkika T (2017) Uveitis: a sight-threatening disease which can impact all systems. Postgrad Med J 93:766\u2013773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/postgradmedj-2017-134891","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"1662_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2008.10.010","volume":"19","author":"L Lionetti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lionetti L, Mollica MP, Lombardi A et al (2009) From chronic overnutrition to insulin resistance: the role of fat-storing capacity and inflammation. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 19:146\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.numecd.2008.10.010","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"1662_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.MA0119-030RR","volume":"106","author":"FY Muhammad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Muhammad FY, Peters K, Wang D, Lee DJ (2019) Exacerbation of autoimmune uveitis by obesity occurs through the melanocortin 5 receptor. J Leukoc Biol 106:879\u2013887. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JLB.MA0119-030RR","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"1662_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-013-0034-8","volume":"14","author":"B Yal\u00e7\u0131n","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yal\u00e7\u0131n B, G\u00fcr G, Art\u00fcz F, All\u0131 N (2013) Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Beh\u00e7et disease: a case-control study in Turkey. Am J Clin Dermatol 14:421\u2013425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40257-013-0034-8","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"1662_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2855","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-023-01044-x","volume":"23","author":"T Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen T, Shao X, Li H et al (2023) Association of Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease with the risk of metabolic syndrome and its components: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Med 23:2855\u20132866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10238-023-01044-x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"1662_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.008","volume":"15","author":"JP Craig","year":"2017","unstructured":"Craig JP, Nichols KK, Akpek EK et al (2017) TFOS DEWS II definition and classification report. Ocul Surf 15:276\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.008","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"1662_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-021-01747-8","volume":"41","author":"HU Surmacz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Surmacz HU, Cotlinski AL, Gehlen ML et al (2021) Dry eye and percentage of body fat: a cross-sectional prospective study. Int Ophthalmol 41:1855\u20131861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-021-01747-8","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000275","volume":"43","author":"KC Ho","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ho KC, Jalbert I, Watt K, Golebiowski B (2017) A possible association between dry eye symptoms and body fat: a prospective, cross-sectional preliminary study. Eye Contact Lens Sci Clin Pract 43:245\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000275","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens Sci Clin Pract"},{"key":"1662_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10040193","volume":"10","author":"M Ayaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ayaki M, Negishi K, Kawashima M et al (2020) Age is a determining factor of dry eye-related signs and symptoms. Diagnostics 10:193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics10040193","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"1662_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3151","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-023-03387-6","volume":"1971\u2013192","author":"AMA Ismail","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ismail AMA, El-Azeim ASA, Saif HFAEA (2023) Effect of aerobic exercise alone or combined with Mediterranean diet on dry eye in obese hypertensive elderly. Ir J Med Sci 1971\u2013192:3151\u20133161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11845-023-03387-6","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"key":"1662_CR117","first-page":"00019","volume":"1","author":"S Jehan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jehan S, Zizi F, Pandi-Perumal SR et al (2017) Obstructive sleep apnea and obesity: implications for public health. Sleep Med Disord Int J 1:00019","journal-title":"Sleep Med Disord Int J"},{"key":"1662_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2005.00508.x","volume":"8","author":"R Wolk","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wolk R, Somers VK (2006) Obesity-related cardiovascular disease: implications of obstructive sleep apnea. Diabetes Obes Metab 8:250\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2005.00508.x","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"1662_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3909","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0375","volume":"36","author":"NH Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim NH, Cho NH, Yun C-H et al (2013) Association of obstructive sleep apnea and glucose metabolism in subjects with or without obesity. Diabetes Care 36:3909\u20133915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc13-0375","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1662_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00587.2005","volume":"99","author":"T Young","year":"2005","unstructured":"Young T, Peppard PE, Taheri S (2005) Excess weight and sleep-disordered breathing. J Appl Physiol 99:1592\u20131599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00587.2005","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"1662_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2010.03.016","volume":"51","author":"C Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li C, Ford ES, Zhao G et al (2010) Prevalence of self-reported clinically diagnosed sleep apnea according to obesity status in men and women: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005\u20132006. Prev Med 51:18\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2010.03.016","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"1662_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-007-0132-z","volume":"12","author":"AG Kaditis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kaditis AG, Alexopoulos EI, Hatzi F et al (2008) Adiposity in relation to age as predictor of severity of sleep apnea in children with snoring. Sleep Breath 12:25\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-007-0132-z","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"1662_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.3390\/children10121874","volume":"10","author":"C Caliendo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Caliendo C, Femiano R, Umano GR et al (2023) Effect of obesity on the respiratory parameters in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Children 10:1874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children10121874","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"1662_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.5.9809079","volume":"159","author":"S Redline","year":"1999","unstructured":"Redline S, Tishler PV, Schluchter M et al (1999) Risk factors for sleep-disordered breathing in children: associations with obesity, race, and respiratory problems. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159:1527\u20131532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.159.5.9809079","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1662_CR125","first-page":"533","volume":"17","author":"R Grunstein","year":"1993","unstructured":"Grunstein R, Wilcox I, Yang TS et al (1993) Snoring and sleep apnoea in men: association with central obesity and hypertension. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord J Int Assoc Study Obes 17:533\u2013540","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord J Int Assoc Study Obes"},{"key":"1662_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/25.5.530","volume":"25","author":"KC Welch","year":"2002","unstructured":"Welch KC, Foster GD, Ritter CT et al (2002) A novel volumetric magnetic resonance imaging paradigm to study upper airway anatomy. Sleep 25:530\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/25.5.530","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"1662_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.8.2341","volume":"26","author":"A Katsuki","year":"2003","unstructured":"Katsuki A, Sumida Y, Urakawa H et al (2003) Increased visceral fat and serum levels of triglyceride are associated with insulin resistance in Japanese metabolically obese, normal weight subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 26:2341\u20132344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.26.8.2341","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1662_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0801891","volume":"359","author":"T Pischon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pischon T, Boeing H, Hoffmann K et al (2008) General and abdominal adiposity and risk of death in Europe. N Engl J Med 359:2105\u20132120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa0801891","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1662_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genm.2009.02.002","volume":"6","author":"EB Geer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Geer EB, Shen W (2009) Gender differences in insulin resistance, body composition, and energy balance. Gend Med 6:60\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genm.2009.02.002","journal-title":"Gend Med"},{"key":"1662_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00000109","volume":"18","author":"MR Bonsignore","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bonsignore MR, Eckel J (2009) Metabolic aspects of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Eur Respir Rev 18:113\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09059180.00000109","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"1662_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00166808","volume":"34","author":"P Levy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Levy P, Bonsignore MR, Eckel J (2009) Sleep, sleep-disordered breathing and metabolic consequences. Eur Respir J 34:243\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.00166808","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"1662_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.3.6484","volume":"85","author":"AN Vgontzas","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vgontzas AN, Papanicolaou DA, Bixler EO et al (2000) Sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness and fatigue: relation to visceral obesity, insulin resistance, and hypercytokinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:1151\u20131158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.85.3.6484","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1662_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-0932","volume":"57","author":"SE Taksali","year":"2008","unstructured":"Taksali SE, Caprio S, Dziura J et al (2008) High visceral and low abdominal subcutaneous fat stores in the obese adolescent. Diabetes 57:367\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db07-0932","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"1662_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E656","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00127.2007","volume":"293","author":"E Maury","year":"2007","unstructured":"Maury E, Ehala-Aleksejev K, Guiot Y et al (2007) Adipokines oversecreted by omental adipose tissue in human obesity. Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab 293:E656\u2013E665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00127.2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1662_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E506","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00586.2009","volume":"299","author":"N Kl\u00f6ting","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kl\u00f6ting N, Fasshauer M, Dietrich A et al (2010) Insulin-sensitive obesity. Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab 299:E506\u2013E515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00586.2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1662_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00047010","volume":"39","author":"MR Bonsignore","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bonsignore MR, McNicholas WT, Montserrat JM, Eckel J (2012) Adipose tissue in obesity and obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J 39:746\u2013767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.00047010","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"1662_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1586\/14779072.6.3.343","volume":"6","author":"HE Bays","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bays HE, Gonz\u00e1lez-Campoy JM, Bray GA et al (2008) Pathogenic potential of adipose tissue and metabolic consequences of adipocyte hypertrophy and increased visceral adiposity. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 6:343\u2013368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/14779072.6.3.343","journal-title":"Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"1662_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20041213","volume":"92","author":"P Trayhurn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Trayhurn P, Wood IS (2004) Adipokines: inflammation and the pleiotropic role of white adipose tissue. Br J Nutr 92:347\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/BJN20041213","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"1662_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E333","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90760.2008","volume":"296","author":"J Yin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yin J, Gao Z, He Q et al (2009) Role of hypoxia in obesity-induced disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab 296:E333\u2013E342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.90760.2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1662_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00086608","volume":"33","author":"L Lavie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lavie L, Lavie P (2009) Molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular disease in OSAHS: the oxidative stress link. Eur Respir J 33:1467\u20131484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.00086608","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"1662_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.07.007","volume":"24","author":"S Pannain","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pannain S, Mokhlesi B (2010) Bariatric surgery and its impact on sleep architecture, sleep-disordered breathing, and metabolism. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 24:745\u2013761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2010.07.007","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1662_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016142","volume":"7","author":"E Pedrotti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pedrotti E, Demasi CL, Bruni E et al (2017) Prevalence and risk factors of eye diseases in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: results from the SLE.E.P.Y cohort study. BMJ Open 7:e016142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016142","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"1662_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-021-02115-2","volume":"42","author":"E Bonacci","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bonacci E, Fasolo A, Zaffanello M et al (2022) Early corneal and optic nerve changes in a paediatric population affected by obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Int Ophthalmol 42:1281\u20131287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-021-02115-2","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06103-3","volume":"262","author":"G Bulloch","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bulloch G, Seth I, Zhu Z et al (2024) Ocular manifestations of obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 262:19\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06103-3","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.087452","volume":"90","author":"K Palombi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Palombi K, Renard E, Levy P et al (2006) Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy is nearly systematically associated with obstructive sleep apnoea. Br J Ophthalmol 90:879\u2013882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.2005.087452","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)70902-X","volume":"124","author":"SS Hayreh","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hayreh SS, Podhajsky PA, Zimmerman B (1997) Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: time of onset of visual loss. Am J Ophthalmol 124:641\u2013647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)70902-X","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e32833f00dc","volume":"21","author":"DP Grover","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grover DP (2010) Obstructive sleep apnea and ocular disorders. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 21:454\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICU.0b013e32833f00dc","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001848","volume":"38","author":"AC Chang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chang AC, Fox TP, Wang S, Wu AY (2018) Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Retina 38:2197\u20132206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001848","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1662_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002702","volume":"40","author":"P-K Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu P-K, Chang Y-C, Tai M-H et al (2020) The association between central serous chorioretinopathy and sleep apnea: a Nationwide Population-Based Study. Retina 40:2034\u20132044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002702","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1662_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251584142110592","DOI":"10.1177\/25158414211059247","volume":"13","author":"A De Gregorio","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Gregorio A, Cerini A, Scala A et al (2021) Floppy eyelid, an under-diagnosed syndrome: a review of demographics, pathogenesis, and treatment. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 13:251584142110592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/25158414211059247","journal-title":"Ther Adv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/650892","volume":"2012","author":"PG Beis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beis PG, Brozou CG, Gourgoulianis KI et al (2012) The floppy eyelid syndrome: evaluating lid laxity and its correlation to sleep apnea syndrome and body mass index. ISRN Ophthalmol 2012:1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5402\/2012\/650892","journal-title":"ISRN Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1662_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-0360","volume":"137","author":"A Romero-Corral","year":"2010","unstructured":"Romero-Corral A, Caples SM, Lopez-Jimenez F, Somers VK (2010) Interactions between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea. Chest 137:711\u2013719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.09-0360","journal-title":"Chest"}],"container-title":["Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40519-024-01662-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40519-024-01662-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40519-024-01662-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T17:19:47Z","timestamp":1715015987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40519-024-01662-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"references-count":152,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1662"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-024-01662-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1262"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1262","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study was performed in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical statement"}},{"value":"For this type of study, formal consent is not required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}],"article-number":"33"}}