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A multivariate general linear model tested the effects of chronological age, gender group (with gender-diverse as the reference), and their interaction on the eight EPSI scales.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Multivariate analyses showed significant main effects of age (<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.045, p\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and gender group (<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.098, p\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), but no significant age-by-group interaction. Older age was associated with greater Cognitive Restraint (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.22, p\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), Negative Attitudes toward Obesity (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.22, p\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and Excessive Exercise (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.12, p\u2009=\u2009.001). Compared to gender-diverse individuals, transgender men exhibited higher Muscle Building, Cognitive Restraint, and Excessive Exercise scores, whereas transgender women reported higher Binge Eating, Purging, Cognitive Restraint, and Negative Attitudes toward Obesity, but lower Muscle Building. A single significant interaction indicated that transgender women showed stronger age-related differences in Purging.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These findings contribute to growing evidence that disordered eating symptoms may not simply resolve with age among TGD individuals and necessitate lifespan-sensitive approaches to eating disorder care. These patterns likely capture a mix of aging processes and cohort-specific exposures to weight-normative and cis-normative ideals.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Level of evidence<\/jats:italic> Level V: based on descriptive studies.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-025-01779-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T06:11:49Z","timestamp":1755065509000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Age-related trends in eating pathology symptoms among transgender and gender-diverse adults"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6541-0604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason M.","family":"Nagata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5433-1612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Otmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7755-0030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6803-5950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilio J.","family":"Compte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9853-2280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason M.","family":"Lavender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7349-7228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiffany A.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5900-4204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsie T.","family":"Forbush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1964-4151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annesa","family":"Flentje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8882-0967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micah E.","family":"Lubensky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0945-2842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juno","family":"Obedin-Maliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0068-0814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitchell R.","family":"Lunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1779_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-023-00806-y","volume":"11","author":"SM Rasmussen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rasmussen SM, Dalgaard MK, Roloff M et al (2023) Eating disorder symptomatology among transgender individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Boards and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Dr. Obedin-Maliver has received consulting fees from Sage Therapeutics, Ibis Reproductive Health, Folx Health, Inc., Hims and Hers Health, Inc., and Upstream, Inc. Dr. Lunn received consultation fees from Hims and Hers Health, Inc., Folx Health Inc., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization, Inc., and the American Dental Association on topics unrelated to this work. None of these roles present a conflict of interest with this work as described here. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to report.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"62"}}