{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T20:41:36Z","timestamp":1767904896183,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,12]],"date-time":"2017-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,12]],"date-time":"2017-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aging Clin Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-017-0782-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,12]],"date-time":"2017-06-12T16:17:12Z","timestamp":1497284232000},"page":"771-779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Temporal trends in herpes zoster-related hospitalizations in Italy, 2001\u20132013: differences between regions that have or have not implemented varicella vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Valente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Cocchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Stefanati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Baldovin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Prato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Baldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Gabutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"782_CR1","first-page":"S14","volume":"107","author":"MS Bruke","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bruke MS (2007) Herpes zoster vaccine: clinical trial evidence and implications for medical practice. J Am Osteopath Assoc 107:S14\u2013S18","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"key":"782_CR2","first-page":"1","volume":"57","author":"R Harpaz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Harpaz R, Ortega-Sanchez IR, Seward JF (2008) Prevention of herpes zoster: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 57:1\u201330","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"782_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00857-0","volume":"4","author":"SL Thomas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thomas SL, Hall AJ (2004) What does epidemiology tell us about risk factors for herpes zoster? Lancet Infect Dis 4:26\u201333","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"782_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e004833","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-004833","volume":"4","author":"K Kawai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kawai K, Gebremeskel BG, Acosta CJ (2014) Systematic review of incidence and complications of herpes zoster: towards a global perspective. BMJ Open 4:e004833","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"782_CR5","first-page":"15","volume":"7","author":"A Stefanati","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stefanati A, Valente N, Lupi S et al (2015) Herpes zoster vaccination in the elderly subjects: improving awareness and uptake. Patient Intell 7:15\u201320","journal-title":"Patient Intell"},{"key":"782_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324912","volume":"21","author":"SI Samson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Samson SI, Yves M (2009) Overview of vaccination policies for the elderly in Western European countries. Aging Clin Exp Res 21:210\u2013215","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"782_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-015-0450-0","volume":"27","author":"Herpes Zoster and Functional Decline Consortium","year":"2015","unstructured":"Herpes Zoster and Functional Decline Consortium (2015) Functional decline and herpes zoster in older people: an interplay of multipe factors. Aging Clin Exp Res 27:757\u2013765","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"782_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-011-0481-8","volume":"20","author":"K Lukas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lukas K, Edte A, Bertrand I (2012) The impact of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia on quality of life: patient-reported outcomes in six European countries. J Public Health 20:441\u2013451","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"key":"782_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200211000-00002","volume":"18","author":"KE Schmader","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schmader KE (2002) Epidemiology and impact on quality of life of postherpetic neuralgia and painful diabetic neuropathy. Clin J Pain 18:350\u2013354","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"782_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.03.014","volume":"88","author":"BP Yawn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yawn BP, Wollan PC, St Sauver JL et al (2013) Herpes zoster eye complications: rates and trends. Mayo Clin Proc 88:562\u2013570","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"782_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1086\/591132","volume":"47","author":"LA Jackson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jackson LA, Reynolds MA, Harpaz R (2008) Hospitalizations to treat herpes zoster in older adults: causes and validated rates. Clin Infect Dis 47:754\u2013759","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"782_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-173","volume":"11","author":"B Ultsch","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ultsch B, Siedler A, Rieck T et al (2011) Herpes zoster in Germany: quantifying the burden of disease. BMC Infect Dis 11:173","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"782_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.11.012","volume":"27","author":"AN Stein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stein AN, Britt H, Harrison C et al (2009) Herpes zoster burden of illness and health care resource utilisation in the Australian population aged 50\u00a0years and older. Vaccine 27:520\u2013529","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"782_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-230","volume":"10","author":"LE Gialloreti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gialloreti LE, Merito M, Pezzotti P et al (2010) Epidemiology and economic burden of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia in Italy: a retrospective, population-based study. BMC Infect Dis 10:230","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"782_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurger.2013.07.379","volume":"4","author":"E Franco","year":"2013","unstructured":"Franco E, Perinetti E, Marchettini P et al (2013) Proportion of post-herpetic neuralgia among patients with Herpes zoster in Italy\u2014a multicenter prospective observational study (Heroes study). Eur Geriatr Med 4:S115\u2013S116","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"key":"782_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2017.1264834","volume":"13","author":"C Alicino","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alicino C, Trucchi C, Paganino C et al (2017) Incidence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia in Italy: results from a 3\u00a0years population-based study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 13:399\u2013404","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"782_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph6092344","volume":"6","author":"G Gabutti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gabutti G, Serenelli C, Cavallaro A et al (2009) Herpes zoster associated hospital admissions in Italy: review of the hospital discharge forms. Int J Environ Res Public Health 6:2344\u20132353","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"782_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.35859","volume":"11","author":"M Levi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Levi M, Bellini I, Capecchi L et al (2015) The Burden of disease of herpes zoster in Tuscany. A retrospective search of hospital discharge records, 2002\u20132012. Hum Vaccin Immunother 11:1\u20137","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"782_CR19","unstructured":"Piano Nazionale Prevenzione Vaccinale (PNPV) (2012\u20132014) http:\/\/www.salute.gov.it\/imgs\/C_17_pubblicazioni_1721_allegato.pdf. Accessed 08 June 2017"},{"key":"782_CR20","first-page":"213","volume":"68","author":"G Gabutti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gabutti G, Franchi M, Maniscalco L et al (2016) Varicella-zoster virus: pathogenesis, incidence patterns and vaccination programs. Min Pediatr 68:213\u2013225","journal-title":"Min Pediatr"},{"key":"782_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.28620","volume":"10","author":"MD Esteban-Vasallo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Esteban-Vasallo MD, Dom\u00ednguez-Berj\u00f3n MF, Gil-Prieto R et al (2014) Sociodemographic characteristics and chronic medical conditions as risk factors for herpes zoster: a population-based study from primary care in Madrid (Spain). Hum Vaccin Immunother 10:1650\u20131660","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"782_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.34311","volume":"11","author":"A Bechini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bechini A, Boccalini S, Baldo V et al (2015) Impact of universal vaccination against varicella in Italy. Experiences from eight Italian region. Hum Vaccin Immunother 11:63\u201371","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"782_CR23","first-page":"57","volume":"38","author":"G Gabutti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gabutti G, Rota MC, De Donno A et al (2014) Seroepidemiology of VZV infection in Italy: impact evaluation of extensive vaccination. E&P 38:57\u201361","journal-title":"E&P"},{"key":"782_CR24","first-page":"1387","volume":"64","author":"C Trucchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Trucchi C, Gabutti G, Rota MC et al (2015) Burden of varicella in Italy, 2001\u20132010: analysis of data from multiple sources and assessment of universal vaccination impact in three pilot regions. JMM 64:1387\u20131394","journal-title":"JMM"},{"key":"782_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2017.1264828","volume":"13","author":"A De Donno","year":"2017","unstructured":"De Donno A, Kuhdari P, Guido M et al (2017) Has VZV epidemiology changed in Italy? Results of a seroprevalence study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 13:1\u20136","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"782_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000215)19:3<335::AID-SIM336>3.0.CO;2-Z","volume":"19","author":"HJ Kim","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kim HJ, Fay MP, Feuer EJ et al (2000) Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates. Stat Med 19:335\u2013351","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"782_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268803001523","volume":"132","author":"DM Fleming","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fleming DM, Cross KW, Cobb WA, et al (2004) Gender difference in the incidence of shingles. Epidemiol Infect 132:1\u20135","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"782_CR28","first-page":"9","volume":"58","author":"RE Hope-Simpson","year":"1965","unstructured":"Hope-Simpson RE (1965) The nature of herpes zoster: a long-term study and a new hypothesis. Proc R Soc Med 58:9\u201320","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"782_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-463","volume":"13","author":"N Morant-Talamante","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morant-Talamante N, Diez-Domingo J, Martinez-Ubeda S et al (2013) Herpes zoster surveillance using electronic database in the Valencian community (Spain). BMC Infect Dis 13:463","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"782_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-011-0162-0","volume":"39","author":"A Hata","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hata A, Kuniyoshi M (2011) Risk of herpes zoster in patients with underlying diseases: a retrospective hospital-based cohort study. Infect 39:537\u2013544","journal-title":"Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"782_CR31","first-page":"e68","volume":"7","author":"K Iglar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iglar K, Kopp A, Glazer RH (2013) Herpes zoster as a marker of underlying malignancy. Open Med 7(2):e68","journal-title":"Open Med"},{"key":"782_CR32","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2015) Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases. The pink book: course textbook, 13th edn"},{"key":"782_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-11-201312030-00006","volume":"159","author":"CM Hales","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hales CM, Harpaz R, Joesoef MR et al (2013) Examination of links between herpes zoster incidence and childhood varicella vaccination. Ann Intern Med 159:739\u2013745","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"782_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-5-68","volume":"5","author":"WK Yih","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yih WK, Brooks DR, Lett SM et al (2005) The incidence of varicella and herpes zoster in Massachusetts as measured by the behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS) during a period of increasing varicella vaccine coverage, 1998\u20132003. BMC Public Health 5:68","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"782_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811001786","volume":"140","author":"DY Chao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chao DY, Chien YZ, Yeh YP et al (2012) The incidence of varicella and herpes zoster in Taiwan during a period of increasing varicella vaccine coverage, 2000\u20132008. Epidemiol Infect 140:1131\u20131140","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"782_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3594","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.34426","volume":"10","author":"A Siedler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Siedler A, Dettmann M (2014) Hospitalization with varicella and shingles before and after introduction of childhood varicella vaccination in Germany. Hum Vaccin Immunother 10:3594\u20133600","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"782_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1086\/430325","volume":"191","author":"AO Jumaan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jumaan AO, Yu O, Jackson LA et al (2005) Incidence of herpes zoster, before and after varicella-vaccination-associated decreases in the incidence of varicella, 1992\u20132002. J Infect Dis 191:2002\u20132007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"782_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.13.132142","volume":"92","author":"AE Heywood","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heywood AE, Wang H, Macartney KK et al (2014) Varicella and herpes zoster hospitalizations before and after implementation of one-dose varicella vaccination in Australia: an ecological study. Bull World Health Org 92:593\u2013604","journal-title":"Bull World Health Org"},{"key":"782_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofv001","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofv001","volume":"2","author":"EA Humes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Humes EA, Weinberger DM, Kudish KS et al (2015) Trends in hospitalizations with primary varicella and herpes zoster during the prevaricella and initial postvaricella and herpes zoster vaccine eras, Connecticut, 1994\u20132012. Open Forum Infect Dis 2:ofv001","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"782_CR40","unstructured":"Ministero della Salute (2015) Rapporto sull\u2019attivit\u00e0 di ricovero ospedaliero SDO http:\/\/www.salute.gov.it\/imgs\/C_17_pubblicazioni_2446_allegato.pdf. Accessed 08 June 2017"},{"key":"782_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491112600114","volume":"126","author":"TK Boehmer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boehmer TK, Patnaik JL, Burnite SJ et al (2011) Use of hospital discharge data to evaluate notifiable disease reporting to Colorado\u2019s electronic disease reporting system. Public Health Rep 126:100\u2013106","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"782_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-015-0314-7","volume":"27","author":"S Maggi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maggi S, Gabutti G, Franco E et al (2015) Preventing and managing herpes zoster: key actions to fosetr healthy aging. Aging Clin Exp Res 27:5\u201311","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"782_CR43","first-page":"1363","volume":"65","author":"G Gabutti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gabutti G, Valente N, Kuhdari P et al (2016) Prevention of herpes zoster and its complications: from the clinic to the real-life experience with the vaccine. JMM 65:1363\u20131369","journal-title":"JMM"},{"key":"782_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001420","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001420","volume":"10","author":"SM Langan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Langan SM, Smeeth L, Margolis DJ et al (2013) Herpes zoster vaccine effectiveness against incident herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia in an older US population: a cohort study. Plos Med 10:e1001420. doi:10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001420","journal-title":"Plos Med"},{"key":"782_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu498","volume":"59","author":"HF Tseng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tseng HF, Tartof S, Harpaz R et al (2014) Vaccination against zoster remains effective in older adults who later undergo chemotherapy. Clin Infect Dis 59:913\u2013919","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"782_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw047","volume":"213","author":"HF Tseng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tseng HF, Harpaz R, Luo Y et al (2016) Declining effectiveness of herpes zoster vaccine in adults aged \u226560\u00a0years. J Infect Dis 213:1872\u20131875","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"782_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-016-0355-0","volume":"33","author":"F Ansaldi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ansaldi F, Trucchi C, Alicino C (2016) Real-world effectiveness and safety of a live-attenuated herpes zoster vaccine: a comprehensive review. Adv Ther 33:1094\u20131104","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"782_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2017.1264832","volume":"13","author":"S Boccalini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boccalini S, Alicino C, Martinelli D et al (2017) Clinical and economic impact of herpes zoster vaccination in elderly in Italy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 13:405\u2013411","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"782_CR49","first-page":"130","volume":"55","author":"G Gabutti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gabutti G, Valente N, Sulcaj N et al (2014) Evaluation of efficacy and effectiveness of live attenuated zoster vaccine. J Prev Med Hyg 55:130\u2013136","journal-title":"J Prev Med Hyg"}],"container-title":["Aging Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40520-017-0782-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-017-0782-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-017-0782-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T17:14:43Z","timestamp":1659114883000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40520-017-0782-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,12]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["782"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-017-0782-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1720-8319"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1720-8319","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 January 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 May 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"This reaserch did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"HDRs were provided by the National Archive of SDO data, Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Healthcare Planning, VI Office. For this type of retrospective study, formal consent is not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Giovanni Gabutti and Vincenzo Baldo received grants from Sanofi Pasteur MSD, GSK Biologicals SA, Novartis, Crucell\/Janssen, Pfizer, Sequirus, Merck Italy, and Sanofi Pasteur for taking part to advisory boards, expert meetings, for acting as speaker and\/or organizer of meetings\/congresses and as principal investigator and chief of O.U. in RCTs. Rosa Prato has served in advisory committees related to herpes zoster vaccine for Sanofi Pasteur MSD; she also reports grants and nonfinancial support from Sanofi Pasteur MSD, Pfizer, GSK, and Novartis, outside this work. Domenico Martinelli reports grants and nonfinancial support from GSK, Pfizer, and Sanofi Pasteur MSD, outside this work. Nicoletta Valente, Silvia Cocchio, Armando Stefanati, and Tatjana Baldovin do not have any conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"HDRs were provided by the National Archive of SDO data, Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Healthcare Planning, VI Office. Accordingly to the current regulations, a specific permit by an Ethical Committee was not necessary, as no personal data were available and only anonymous unlinked aggregated data were analyzed. This study was performed in compliance to the Helsinki Declaration as well as to the Italian law (Decree n. 196\/2003 for the protection of personal data).","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statement of human and animal rights"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}