{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T18:45:20Z","timestamp":1793817920651,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]],"date-time":"2021-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616198400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]],"date-time":"2021-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aging Clin Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Osteoporosis, a common chronic metabolic bone disease is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. As the prevalence of osteoporosis increases with age, a paralleled elevation in the rate of incident fragility fractures will be observed. This narrative review explores the origins of bone and considers physiological mechanisms involved in bone homeostasis relevant to management and treatment. Secondary causes of osteoporosis, as well as osteosarcopenia are discussed followed by an overview of the commonly used pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis in older people.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-01817-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]],"date-time":"2021-03-20T05:06:48Z","timestamp":1616216808000},"page":"759-773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":169,"title":["Pathophysiology and treatment of osteoporosis: challenges for clinical practice in older people"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Barnsley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Buckland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. E.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. S.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Baxter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Laskou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. M.","family":"Dennison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0081-1802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harnish P.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1817_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-017-0324-5","volume":"12","author":"J Compston","year":"2017","unstructured":"Compston J, Cooper A, Cooper C et al (2017) UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Arch Osteoporos 12:43","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"1817_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.5152\/eurjrheum.2016.048","volume":"4","author":"T S\u00f6zen","year":"2017","unstructured":"S\u00f6zen T, \u00d6z\u0131\u015f\u0131k L, Ba\u015faran N (2017) An overview and management of osteoporosis. Eur J Rheumatol 4:46\u201356","journal-title":"Eur J Rheumatol"},{"key":"1817_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0172-4","volume":"17","author":"O Johnell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Johnell O, Kanis JA (2006) An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int 17:1726\u20131733","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1817_CR4","unstructured":"British Orthopaedic Association. The Care of Patients with Fragility Fracture (Blue Book). September 2007. https:\/\/www.bgs.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/content\/attachment\/2018-05-02\/Blue%20Book%20on%20fragility%20fracture%20care.pdf"},{"key":"1817_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.16.1.191","volume":"16","author":"BR Olsen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Olsen BR, Reginato AM, Wang W (2000) Bone development. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 16:191\u2013220","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"1817_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S131","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04151206","volume":"3","author":"B Clarke","year":"2008","unstructured":"Clarke B (2008) Normal bone anatomy and physiology. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 3:S131\u2013S139","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"1817_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3109\/03008209609029183","volume":"35","author":"PG Robey","year":"1996","unstructured":"Robey PG (1996) Vertebrate mineralized matrix proteins: structure and function. Connect Tissue Res 35:131\u2013136","journal-title":"Connect Tissue Res"},{"key":"1817_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0108021","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4029176","volume":"137","author":"R Oftadeh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oftadeh R, Perez-Viloria M, Villa-Camacho JC, Vaziri A, Nazarian A (2015) Biomechanics and mechanobiology of trabecular bone: a review. J Biomech Eng 137:0108021\u201301080215","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"1817_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.11.022","volume":"184","author":"HB Kristensen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kristensen HB, Andersen TL, Marcussen N et al (2014) Osteoblast recruitment routes in human cancellous bone remodeling. Am J Pathol 184:778\u2013789","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"1817_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ecc.12740","author":"P Katsimbri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Katsimbri P (2017) Biology of normal bone remodelling. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ecc.12740","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Care (Engl)"},{"key":"1817_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81569-X","volume":"93","author":"DL Lacey","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL et al (1998) Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation. Cell 93:165\u2013176","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1817_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25103","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R109.041087","volume":"285","author":"LJ Raggatt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Raggatt LJ, Partridge NC (2010) Cellular and molecular mechanisms of bone remodeling. J Biol Chem 285:25103\u201325108","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1817_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116179","volume":"91","author":"S Tanaka","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tanaka S, Takahashi N, Udagawa N et al (1993) Macrophage colony-stimulating factor is indispensable for both proliferation and differentiation of osteoclast progenitors. J Clin Invest 91:257\u2013263","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1817_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5484.1504","volume":"289","author":"SL Teitelbaum","year":"2000","unstructured":"Teitelbaum SL (2000) Bone resorption by osteoclasts. Science 289:1504\u20131508","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1817_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.113.3.377","volume":"113","author":"HK V\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4nen","year":"2000","unstructured":"V\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4nen HK, Zhao H, Mulari M et al (2000) The cell biology of osteoclast function. J Cell Sci 113:377\u2013381","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"1817_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/bonekey.2014.56","volume":"3","author":"JM Delaisse","year":"2014","unstructured":"Delaisse JM (2014) The reversal phase of the bone-remodeling cycle: cellular prerequisites for coupling resorption and formation. Bonekey Rep 3:561","journal-title":"Bonekey Rep"},{"key":"1817_CR17","first-page":"481","volume":"3","author":"NA Sims","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sims NA, Martin TJ (2014) Coupling the activities of bone formation and resorption: a multitude of signals within the basic multicellular unit. Bonekey Rep 3:481","journal-title":"Bonekey Rep"},{"key":"1817_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0221-8747(84)90065-1","volume":"5","author":"EF Eriksen","year":"1984","unstructured":"Eriksen EF, Melsen F, Mosekilde L (1984) Reconstruction of the resorptive site in iliac trabecular bone: a kinetic model for bone resorption in 20 normal individuals. Metab Bone Dis Relat Res 5:235\u2013242","journal-title":"Metab Bone Dis Relat Res"},{"key":"1817_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00214682","volume":"225","author":"P Van Tran","year":"1982","unstructured":"Van Tran P, Vignery A, Baron R (1982) An electron-microscopic study of the bone-remodeling sequence in the rat. Cell Tissue Res 225:283\u2013292","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"1817_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080627","volume":"174","author":"TL Andersen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Andersen TL, Sondergaard TE, Skorzynska KE et al (2009) A physical mechanism for coupling bone resorption and formation in adult human bone. Am J Pathol 174:239\u2013247","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"1817_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1194-5","volume":"21","author":"GY Rochefort","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rochefort GY, Pallu S, Benhamou CL (2010) Osteocyte: the unrecognized side of bone tissue. Osteoporos Int 21:1457\u20131469","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1817_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9041034","volume":"9","author":"AP Delitala","year":"2020","unstructured":"Delitala AP, Scuteri A, Doria C (2020) Thyroid hormone diseases and osteoporosis. J Clin Med 9:1034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9041034","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"1817_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1012926","volume":"365","author":"RS Weinstein","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weinstein RS (2011) Clinical practice. Glucocorticoid-induced bone disease. N Engl J Med 365:62\u201370","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1817_CR24","first-page":"233","volume":"31","author":"JA Siddiqui","year":"2016","unstructured":"Siddiqui JA, Partridge NC (2016) Physiological bone remodeling: systemic regulation and growth factor involvement. Physiol (Bethesda) 31:233\u2013245","journal-title":"Physiol (Bethesda)"},{"key":"1817_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/17453674.2016.1244750","volume":"87","author":"S Roberts","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roberts S, Colombier P, Sowman A et al (2016) Ageing in the musculoskeletal system. Acta Orthop 87:15\u201325","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"1817_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000486060","volume":"50","author":"D Goltzman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goltzman D, Mannstadt M, Marcocci C (2018) Physiology of the calcium-parathyroid hormone-vitamin D axis. Front Horm Res 50:1\u201313","journal-title":"Front Horm Res"},{"key":"1817_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00014.2015","volume":"96","author":"S Christakos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Christakos S, Dhawan P, Verstuyf A et al (2016) Vitamin D: metabolism, molecular mechanism of action, and pleiotropic effects. Physiol Rev 96:365\u2013408","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"1817_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15716","volume":"67","author":"J Zanker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zanker J, Duque G (2019) Osteoporosis in older persons: old and new players. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:831\u2013840","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"1817_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01623429","volume":"4","author":"JP Bonjour","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bonjour JP, Theintz G, Law F et al (1994) Peak bone mass. Osteoporos Int 4:7\u201313","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1817_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00227","volume":"8","author":"P Pelosi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pelosi P, Lapi E, Cavalli L et al (2017) Bone status in a patient with insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor deletion syndrome: bone quality and structure evaluation using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and quantitative ultrasonography. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 8:227","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"1817_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215463","volume":"110","author":"S Yakar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yakar S, Rosen CJ, Beamer WG et al (2002) Circulating levels of IGF-1 directly regulate bone growth and density. J Clin Invest 110:771\u2013781","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1817_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr2970w","volume":"9","author":"KA Alswat","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alswat KA (2017) Gender disparities in osteoporosis. J Clin Med Res 9:382\u2013387","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"key":"1817_CR33","first-page":"702735","volume":"2011","author":"TF Lang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lang TF (2011) The bone\u2013muscle relationship in men and women. J Osteoporos 2011:702735","journal-title":"J Osteoporos"},{"key":"1817_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R131","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0118","volume":"173","author":"F Mirza","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mirza F, Canalis E (2015) Management of endocrine disease: secondary osteoporosis: pathophysiology and management. Eur J Endocrinol 173:R131\u2013R151","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"1817_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker017","volume":"50","author":"L Fardet","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fardet L, Petersen I, Nazareth I (2011) Prevalence of long-term oral glucocorticoid prescriptions in the UK over the past 20 years. Rheumatol (Oxf) 50:1982\u20131990","journal-title":"Rheumatol (Oxf)"},{"key":"1817_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0394-0","volume":"18","author":"E Canalis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Canalis E, Mazziotti G, Giustina A et al (2007) Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: pathophysiology and therapy. Osteoporos Int 18:1319\u20131328","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1817_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00097","volume":"39","author":"RS Hardy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hardy RS, Zhou H, Seibel MJ et al (2018) Glucocorticoids and bone: consequences of endogenous and exogenous excess and replacement therapy. Endocr Rev 39:519\u2013548","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"1817_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16091571","volume":"16","author":"BKS Thong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thong BKS, Ima-Nirwana S, Chin KY (2019) Proton pump inhibitors and fracture risk: a review of current evidence and mechanisms involved. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16:1571","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1817_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.04.018","volume":"64","author":"C Shen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shen C, Chen F, Zhang Y et al (2014) Association between use of antiepileptic drugs and fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bone 64:246\u2013253","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"1817_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI21867","volume":"115","author":"JM Pascussi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pascussi JM, Robert A, Nguyen M et al (2005) Possible involvement of pregnane X receptor-enhanced CYP24 expression in drug-induced osteomalacia. J Clin Invest 115:177\u2013186","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1817_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.04107.x","volume":"60","author":"T Becker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Becker T, Lipscombe L, Narod S et al (2012) Systematic review of bone health in older women treated with aromatase inhibitors for early-stage breast cancer. J Am Geriatr Soc 60:1761\u20131767","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"1817_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2008.07.013","volume":"69","author":"P Hadji","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hadji P (2009) Aromatase inhibitor-associated bone loss in breast cancer patients is distinct from postmenopausal osteoporosis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 69:73\u201382","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"1817_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S115472","volume":"11","author":"NV Mohamad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mohamad NV, Soelaiman IN, Chin KY (2016) A concise review of testosterone and bone health. Clin Interv Aging 11:1317\u20131324","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"1817_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-011-9481-5","volume":"88","author":"SJ Diem","year":"2011","unstructured":"Diem SJ, Blackwell TL, Stone KL et al (2011) Use of antidepressant medications and risk of fracture in older women. Calcif Tissue Int 88:476\u2013484","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"1817_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.12.1246","volume":"167","author":"EM Haney","year":"2007","unstructured":"Haney EM, Chan BK, Diem SJ et al (2007) Association of low bone mineral density with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use by older men. Arch Intern Med 167:1246\u20131251","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"1817_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4124","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0861","volume":"95","author":"M Bliziotes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bliziotes M (2010) Update in serotonin and bone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95:4124\u20134132","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1817_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1089\/105072502760043503","volume":"12","author":"P Vestergaard","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vestergaard P, Mosekilde L (2002) Fractures in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism: a nationwide follow-up study in 16,249 patients. Thyroid 12:411\u2013419","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"1817_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.051003","volume":"21","author":"L Rejnmark","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rejnmark L, Vestergaard P, Heickendorff L et al (2006) Loop diuretics increase bone turnover and decrease BMD in osteopenic postmenopausal women: results from a randomized controlled study with bumetanide. J Bone Miner Res 21:163\u2013170","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1817_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02195.x","volume":"57","author":"LS Lim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lim LS, Fink HA, Blackwell T et al (2009) Loop diuretic use and rates of hip bone loss and risk of falls and fractures in older women. J Am Geriatr Soc 57:855\u2013862","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"1817_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01434.x","volume":"257","author":"L Rejnmark","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rejnmark L, Vestergaard P, Heickendorff L et al (2005) Effects of long-term treatment with loop diuretics on bone mineral density, calcitropic hormones and bone turnover. J Intern Med 257:176\u2013184","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"1817_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1038\/bonekey.2014.37","volume":"3","author":"PD Miller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miller PD (2014) Chronic kidney disease and osteoporosis: evaluation and management. Bonekey Rep 3:542","journal-title":"Bonekey Rep"},{"key":"1817_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-019-01417-x","volume":"32","author":"J Bai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bai J, Gao Q, Wang C et al (2020) Diabetes mellitus and risk of low-energy fracture: a meta-analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res 32:2173\u20132186","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"1817_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0783","volume":"38","author":"DR Weber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weber DR, Haynes K, Leonard MB et al (2015) Type 1 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of fracture across the life span: a population-based cohort study using The Health Improvement Network (THIN). Diabetes Care 38:1913\u20131920","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1817_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2013.07.017","volume":"57","author":"JL Fowlkes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fowlkes JL, Nyman JS, Bunn RC et al (2013) Osteo-promoting effects of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Bone 57:36\u201340","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"1817_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650080507","volume":"8","author":"DT Felson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Felson DT, Zhang Y, Hannan MT et al (1993) Effects of weight and body mass index on bone mineral density in men and women: the Framingham study. J Bone Miner Res 8:567\u2013573","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1817_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820615","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/820615","volume":"2014","author":"P Jackuliak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jackuliak P, Payer J (2014) Osteoporosis, fractures, and diabetes. Int J Endocrinol 2014:820615","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"1817_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2018.79.5.253","volume":"79","author":"J Paintin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Paintin J, Cooper C, Dennison E (2018) Osteosarcopenia. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 79:253\u2013258","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med (Lond)"},{"key":"1817_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12147","volume":"7","author":"SD Anker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anker SD, Morley JE, von Haehling S (2016) Welcome to the ICD-10 code for sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 7:512\u2013514","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"1817_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","volume":"48","author":"AJ Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J et al (2019) Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing 48:16\u201331","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"1817_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.11005\/jbm.2014.21.1.29","volume":"21","author":"H Kaji","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kaji H (2014) Interaction between muscle and bone. J Bone Metab 21:29\u201340","journal-title":"J Bone Metab"},{"key":"1817_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.01.382","volume":"46","author":"D Karasik","year":"2010","unstructured":"Karasik D, Kiel DP (2010) Evidence for pleiotropic factors in genetics of the musculoskeletal system. Bone 46:1226\u20131237","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"1817_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.10119","volume":"275","author":"HM Frost","year":"2003","unstructured":"Frost HM (2003) Bone\u2019s mechanostat: a 2003 update. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 275:1081\u20131101","journal-title":"Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol"},{"key":"1817_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2017.09.008","volume":"105","author":"E Marty","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marty E, Liu Y, Samuel A et al (2017) A review of sarcopenia: enhancing awareness of an increasingly prevalent disease. Bone 105:276\u2013286","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"1817_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-018-1109-4","volume":"31","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R et al (2019) Executive summary of European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Aging Clin Exp Res 31:15\u201317","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"1817_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-019-01432-y","volume":"32","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kanis JA, Harvey NC, Johansson H et al (2020) A decade of FRAX: how has it changed the management of osteoporosis? Aging Clin Exp Res 32:187\u2013196","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"1817_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-2074-y","volume":"24","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H et al (2013) European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 24:23\u201357","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1817_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2734","volume":"31","author":"EV McCloskey","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCloskey EV, Od\u00e9n A, Harvey NC et al (2016) A meta-analysis of trabecular bone score in fracture risk prediction and its relationship to FRAX. J Bone Miner Res 31:940\u2013948","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1817_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1876-7","volume":"23","author":"L Shepstone","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shepstone L, Fordham R, Lenaghan E et al (2012) A pragmatic randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening older women for the prevention of fractures: rationale, design and methods for the SCOOP study. Osteoporos Int 23:2507\u20132515","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1817_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics5040085","volume":"5","author":"P Aggarwal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aggarwal P, Woolford SJ, Patel HP (2020) Multi-morbidity and polypharmacy in older people: challenges and opportunities for clinical practice. Geriatrics (Basel) 5:85","journal-title":"Geriatrics (Basel)"},{"key":"1817_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10129","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10129","volume":"3","author":"MT Hannan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hannan MT, Weycker D, McLean RR et al (2019) Predictors of imminent risk of nonvertebral fracture in older, high-risk women: the framingham osteoporosis study. JBMR Plus 3:e10129","journal-title":"JBMR Plus"},{"key":"1817_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-020-05772-8","author":"L Iconaru","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iconaru L, Moreau M, Baleanu F et al (2021) Risk factors for imminent fractures: a substudy of the FRISBEE cohort. Osteoporosis Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-020-05772-8","journal-title":"Osteoporosis Int"},{"key":"1817_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-020-00784-7","volume":"15","author":"AA Yusuf","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yusuf AA, Hu Y, Chandler D et al (2020) Predictors of imminent risk of fracture in medicare-enrolled men and women. Arch Osteoporos 15:120","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"1817_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-019-0569-2","volume":"14","author":"R Pinedo-Villanueva","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pinedo-Villanueva R, Charokopou M, Toth E et al (2019) Imminent fracture risk assessments in the UK FLS setting: implications and challenges. Arch Osteoporos 14:12","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"1817_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-015-0155-4","volume":"15","author":"C de Labra","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Labra C, Guimaraes-Pinheiro C, Maseda A, Lorenzo T, Mill\u00e1n-Calenti JC (2015) Effects of physical exercise interventions in frail older adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. BMC Geriatr 15:154","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"1817_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.5.705","volume":"160","author":"UM Kujala","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kujala UM, Kaprio J, Kannus P et al (2000) Physical activity and osteoporotic hip fracture risk in men. Arch Intern Med 160:705\u2013708","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"1817_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2018.33.4.435","volume":"33","author":"AR Hong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hong AR, Kim SW (2018) Effects of resistance exercise on bone health. Endocrinol Metab 33:435","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1817_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000333","author":"TE Howe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Howe TE, Shea B, Dawson LJ, Downie F et al (2011) Exercise for preventing and treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD000333","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1817_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0041-1","volume":"43","author":"U Granacher","year":"2013","unstructured":"Granacher U, Gollhofer A, Hortob\u00e1gyi T et al (2013) The importance of trunk muscle strength for balance, functional performance, and fall prevention in seniors: a systematic review. Sports Med 43:627\u2013641","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"1817_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.05.027","volume":"72","author":"J Demarteau","year":"2019","unstructured":"Demarteau J, Jansen B, Van Keymolen B et al (2019) Trunk inclination and hip extension mobility, but not thoracic kyphosis angle, are related to 3D-accelerometry based gait alterations and increased fall-risk in older persons. Gait Posture 72:89\u201395","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"1817_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1519\/JPT.0b013e318295daba","volume":"37","author":"T Demura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Demura T, Demura S-I, Uchiyama M et al (2014) Examination of factors affecting gait properties in healthy older adults. J Geriatr Phys Ther 37:52\u201357","journal-title":"J Geriatr Phys Ther"},{"key":"1817_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.12.012","volume":"121","author":"KM Berg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Berg KM, Kunins HV, Jackson JL et al (2008) Association between alcohol consumption and both osteoporotic fracture and bone density. Am J Med 121:406\u2013418","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"1817_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.025","volume":"197","author":"Z Cheraghi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheraghi Z, Doosti-Irani A, Almasi-Hashiani A et al (2019) The effect of alcohol on osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 197:197\u2013202","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"1817_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.013326","volume":"8","author":"EZ Movassagh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Movassagh EZ, Vatanparast H (2017) Current evidence on the association of dietary patterns and bone health: a scoping review. Adv Nutr 8:1\u201316","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"1817_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.021","volume":"14","author":"J Bauer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bauer J, Biolo G, Cederholm T et al (2013) Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people: a position paper from the PROT-AGE Study Group. J Am Med Dir Assoc 14:542\u2013559","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"1817_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01559-3","volume":"32","author":"SJ Woolford","year":"2020","unstructured":"Woolford SJ, Sohan O, Dennison EM et al. (2020) Approaches to the diagnosis and prevention of frailty. Aging Clin Exp Res 32:1629\u20131637","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"1817_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3386-5","volume":"27","author":"CM Weaver","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weaver CM, Alexander DD, Boushey CJ et al (2016) Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and risk of fractures: an updated meta-analysis from the National Osteoporosis Foundation. Osteoporos Int 27:367\u2013376","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1817_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61342-7","volume":"370","author":"BM Tang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tang BM, Eslick GD, Nowson C (2007) Use of calcium or calcium in combination with vitamin D supplementation to prevent fractures and bone loss in people aged 50 years and older: a meta-analysis. Lancet 370:657\u2013666","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1817_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3773-6","volume":"28","author":"NC Harvey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Harvey NC, Biver E, Kaufman JM et al (2017) The role of calcium supplementation in healthy musculoskeletal ageing\u202f: an expert consensus meeting of the european society for clinical and economic aspects of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and musculoskeletal diseases (ESCEO) and the international foundation for osteoporosis (IOF). Osteoporos Int 28:447\u2013462","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1817_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-1165","volume":"165","author":"M Chung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chung M, Tang AM, Fu Z et al (2016) Calcium intake and cardiovascular disease risk: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 165:856\u2013866","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"1817_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2311","volume":"30","author":"JR Lewis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lewis JR, Radavelli-Bagatini S, Rejnmark L et al (2015) The effects of calcium supplementation on verified coronary heart disease hospitalization and death in postmenopausal women: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Bone Miner Res 30:165\u2013175","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1817_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b3692","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b3692","volume":"339","author":"HA Bischoff-Ferrari","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dawson-Hughes B, Staehelin HB et al (2009) Fall prevention with supplemental and active forms of vitamin D: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 339:b3692","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1817_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.05.013","volume":"89","author":"J Sanderson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sanderson J, Martyn-St James M, Stevens J et al (2016) Clinical effectiveness of bisphosphonates for the prevention of fragility fractures: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Bone 89:52\u201358","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"1817_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S131023","volume":"12","author":"A Vandenbroucke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vandenbroucke A, Luyten FP, Flamaing J (2017) Pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis in the oldest old. Clin Interv Aging 12:1065\u20131077","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"1817_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15725","volume":"67","author":"AR Zullo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zullo AR, Zhang T, Lee Y et al (2019) Effect of bisphosphonates on fracture outcomes among frail older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:768\u2013776","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"1817_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1411-2","volume":"22","author":"LA Beaupre","year":"2011","unstructured":"Beaupre LA, Morrish DW, Hanley DA et al (2011) Oral bisphosphonates are associated with reduced mortality after hip fracture. Osteoporos Int 22:983\u2013991","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1817_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1444-6","volume":"22","author":"PN Sambrook","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sambrook PN, Cameron ID, Chen JS et al (2011) Oral bisphosphonates are associated with reduced mortality in frail older people: a prospective five-year study. Osteoporos Int 22:2551\u20132556","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1817_CR97","unstructured":"NICE (2020) NIfHaCE. Osteoporosis overview. 4 November 2020"},{"key":"1817_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4215-9","volume":"28","author":"MA Mignot","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mignot MA, Taisne N, Legroux I et al (2017) Bisphosphonate drug holidays in postmenopausal osteoporosis: effect on clinical fracture risk. Osteoporos Int 28:3431\u20133438","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1817_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2013.09.008","volume":"142","author":"SH Tella","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tella SH, Gallagher JC (2014) Prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 142:155\u2013170","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"1817_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0809493","volume":"361","author":"SR Cummings","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cummings SR, San Martin J, McClung MR et al (2009) Denosumab for prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 361:756\u2013765","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1817_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030897","volume":"350","author":"HG Bone","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bone HG, Hosking D, Devogelaer JP et al (2004) Ten years\u2019 experience with alendronate for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 350:1189\u20131199","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1817_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01678-x","volume":"33","author":"R Rizzoli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rizzoli R (2021) Vitamin D supplementation: upper limit for safety revisited? Aging Clin Exp Res 33:19\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-020-01678-x","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"1817_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3045","volume":"97","author":"NB Watts","year":"2012","unstructured":"Watts NB, Adler RA, Bilezikian JP et al (2012) Osteoporosis in men: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97:1802\u20131822","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1817_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098614548680","volume":"5","author":"A Grech","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grech A, Breck J, Heidelbaugh J (2014) Adverse effects of testosterone replacement therapy: an update on the evidence and controversy. Ther Adv Drug Saf 5:190\u2013200","journal-title":"Ther Adv Drug Saf"},{"key":"1817_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.11136","volume":"316","author":"PD Miller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miller PD, Hattersley G, Riis BJ et al (2016) Effect of abaloparatide vs placebo on new vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 316:722\u2013733","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1817_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607948","volume":"375","author":"F Cosman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cosman F, Crittenden DB, Adachi JD et al (2016) Romosozumab treatment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 375:1532\u20131543","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1817_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1708322","volume":"377","author":"KG Saag","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saag KG, Petersen J, Brandi ML et al (2017) Romosozumab or alendronate for fracture prevention in women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 377:1417\u20131427","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1817_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11505","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11505","volume":"7","author":"M Florio","year":"2016","unstructured":"Florio M, Gunasekaran K, Stolina M et al (2016) A bispecific antibody targeting sclerostin and DKK-1 promotes bone mass accrual and fracture repair. Nat Commun 7:11505","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1817_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-019-00550-w","volume":"17","author":"M Herrmann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Herrmann M (2019) Marrow fat-secreted factors as biomarkers for osteoporosis. Curr Osteoporos Rep 17:429\u2013437","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"1817_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2020.02.003","volume":"52","author":"J Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li J, Chen X, Lu L et al (2020) The relationship between bone marrow adipose tissue and bone metabolism in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 52:88\u201398","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"1817_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-014-0204-5","volume":"12","author":"CM Girgis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Girgis CM, Mokbel N, Digirolamo DJ (2014) Therapies for musculoskeletal disease: can we treat two birds with one stone? Curr Osteoporos Rep 12:142\u2013153","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"1817_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2020.05.012","volume":"140","author":"B Kirk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kirk B, Miller S, Zanker J et al (2020) A clinical guide to the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcopenia. Maturitas 140:27\u201333","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"1817_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v8.i5.412","volume":"8","author":"CL Downey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Downey CL, Young A, Burton EF et al (2017) Dementia and osteoporosis in a geriatric population: Is there a common link? World J Orthop 8:412\u2013423","journal-title":"World J Orthop"}],"container-title":["Aging Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-021-01817-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40520-021-01817-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-021-01817-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T05:48:39Z","timestamp":1619675319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40520-021-01817-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]]},"references-count":113,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1817"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-021-01817-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1720-8319"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1720-8319","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors report no conflicting or competing interests in relation to this work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article did not directly involve human participants as it is a narrative review of the literature.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statement of human and animal rights"}},{"value":"For this type of article, consent was not required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}