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Iron deficiency was defined by soluble transferrin receptor levels\u2009&gt;\u200928.1\u00a0nmol\/L and baseline anemia by hemoglobin levels\u2009&lt;\u2009130\u00a0g\/L for men and\u2009&lt;\u2009120\u00a0g\/L for women.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In total, 2141 participants were included in the analyses (mean age: 74.9\u00a0years, 61.5% of women, 26.8% with iron deficiency). Baseline iron deficiency was associated with greater increase in IL-6 levels (mean difference in change: 0.52\u00a0ng\/L, 95%CI 0.03\u20131.00, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.04) over 3\u00a0years. Iron deficiency at any yearly time point was associated with higher increases in hs-CRP (mean difference in change: 1.62\u00a0mg\/L, 95%CI 0.98\u20132.26, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and IL-6 levels (mean difference in change: 1.33\u00a0ng\/L, 95%CI 0.87\u20131.79, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) over 3\u00a0years. No significant interaction between iron deficiency and anemia was found, suggesting that the results are independent of the anemic status.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These findings suggest that iron deficiency may play a role in low-grade chronic inflammation among relatively healthy older adults.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-01955-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T13:03:43Z","timestamp":1631883823000},"page":"515-525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Iron deficiency and biomarkers of inflammation: a 3-year prospective analysis of the DO-HEALTH trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Maud","family":"Wieczorek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e9lique","family":"Sadlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren A.","family":"Abderhalden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"de Godoi Rezende Costa Molino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donat R.","family":"Spahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik J.","family":"Schaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. John","family":"Orav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Egli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4554-658X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heike A.","family":"Bischoff-Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"DO-HEALTH Research group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1955_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-019-01454-6","volume":"32","author":"DL Vetrano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vetrano DL, Zucchelli A, Marconi E et al (2020) Predictors of iron-deficiency anemia in primary care older adults: a real-world European multi-country longitudinal study. 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Braun Melsungen AG, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, CSL Behring GmbH, Celgene International II S\u00e0rl, Daiichi Sankyo AG, Haemonetics, Instrumentation Laboratory (Werfen), LFB Biom\u00e9dicaments, Merck Sharp & Dohme, PAION Deutschland GmbH, Pharmacosmos A\/S, Pfizer AG, Pierre Fabre Pharma, Portola Schweiz GmbH, Roche Diagnostics International Ltd, Sarstedt AG & Co., Shire Switzerland GmbH, Tem International GmbH, Vifor Pharma, Vifor (International) AG, Zuellig Pharma Holdings. DRS's academic department is receiving grant support from the Swiss National Science Foundation, the Swiss Society of Anesthesiology and Reanimation (SGAR), the Swiss Foundation for Anesthesia Research, Vifor SA and Vifor (International) AG. DRS is co-chair of the ABC-Trauma Faculty, sponsored by unrestricted educational grants from Novo Nordisk Health Care AG, CSL Behring GmbH, LFB Biom\u00e9dicaments, and Octapharma AG. <b>EJO<\/b> reports grants from Zurich University, during the conduct of the study. As part of the DO-HEALTH independent and investigator-initiated clinical trial, <b>HABF<\/b> reports as the PI of the DO-HEALTH trial, grants from European Commission, from University of Zurich, from NESTEC, from PFIZER Consumer Healthcare, from Streuli Pharma, plus nonfinancial support from DSM Nutritional Products and nonfinancial support from Roche Diagnostics. Further, Prof. Bischoff-Ferrari reports speaker fees from Wild, Pfizer, Vifor, Mylan, Roche Diagnostics, and independent and investigator-initiated grants from Pfizer and from Vifor. All other authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The Cantonal Ethical Committee of the Canton of Zurich approved this ancillary analysis (BASEC N\u00b0 2018\u201301755).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval statement"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}