{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T12:27:36Z","timestamp":1768480056525,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Research Council","award":["693045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["693045"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"the Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["310526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310526"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"the Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["330185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["330185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"the Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["321336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["321336"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"the Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["328818"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["328818"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005222","name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005222","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aging Clin Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Outdoor mobility enables participation in essential out-of-home activities in old age.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To compare changes in different aspects of outdoor mobility during COVID-19 restrictions versus two years before according to self-reported walking.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Community-dwelling participants of AGNES study (2017\u20132018, initial age 75\u201385) responded to AGNES-COVID-19 postal survey in spring 2020 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009809). Life-space mobility, autonomy in participation outdoors, and self-reported physical activity were assessed at both time points and differences according to self-reported walking modifications and difficulty vs. intact walking at baseline were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Life-space mobility and autonomy in participation outdoors had declined (mean changes -11.4, SD 21.3; and 6.7, SD 5.3, respectively), whereas physical activity had increased (5.5\u00a0min\/day, SD 25.1) at follow-up. Participants perceiving walking difficulty reported the poorest baseline outdoor mobility, a steeper decline in life-space mobility (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), a smaller increase in physical activity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and a smaller decline in autonomy in participation outdoors (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017) than those with intact walking. Those with walking modifications also reported lower baseline life-space mobility and physical activity, a steeper decline in life-space mobility and a smaller increase in physical activity those with intact walking (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for both).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Participants reporting walking modifications remained the intermediate group in outdoor mobility over time, whereas those with walking difficulty showed the steepest decline in outdoor mobility and hence potential risk for accelerated further functional decline.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Interventions should target older people perceiving walking difficulty, as they may be at the risk for becoming homebound when environmental facilitators for outdoor mobility are removed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-01956-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T16:07:02Z","timestamp":1629475622000},"page":"2909-2916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Use of walking modifications, perceived walking difficulty and changes in outdoor mobility among community-dwelling older people during COVID-19 restrictions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9306-7586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi","family":"Lepp\u00e4","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Karavirta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Rantalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Merja","family":"Rantakokko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sini","family":"Siltanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erja","family":"Portegijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taina","family":"Rantanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1956_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503023320902","volume":"332","author":"JM Guralnik","year":"1995","unstructured":"Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Simonsick EM, et al (1995) Lower-extremity function in persons over the age of 70 years as a predictor of subsequent disability. N Engl J Med 332:556\u2013562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199503023320902","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1956_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S50","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.2013.46.S.S50","volume":"46","author":"T Rantanen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rantanen T (2013) Promoting mobility in older people. J Prev Med Public Health 46:S50","journal-title":"J Prev Med Public Health"},{"key":"1956_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90294-1","volume":"38","author":"LM Verbrugge","year":"1994","unstructured":"Verbrugge LM, Jette AM (1994) The disablement process. Soc Sci Med 38:1\u201314","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"1956_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw348","volume":"72","author":"M Rantakokko","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rantakokko M, Portegijs E, Viljanen A et al (2017) Task modifications in walking postpone decline in life-space mobility among community-dwelling older people: a 2-year follow-up study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 72:1252\u20131256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glw348","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"1956_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2014-0292","volume":"24","author":"L Tsai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tsai L, Rantakokko M, Viljanen A, et al (2016) Associations between reasons to go outdoors and objectively-measured walking activity in various life-space areas among older people. J Aging Phys Act 24:85\u201391","journal-title":"J Aging Phys Act"},{"key":"1956_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-8-116","volume":"8","author":"MG Davis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Davis MG, Fox KR, Hillsdon M, et al (2011) Getting out and about in older adults: the nature of daily trips and their association with objectively assessed physical activity. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 8:116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1479-5868-8-116","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"1956_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0135308","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135308","volume":"10","author":"E Portegijs","year":"2015","unstructured":"Portegijs E, Tsai L, Rantanen T et al (2015) Moving through life-space areas and objectively measured physical activity of older people. PLoS ONE 10:e0135308","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1956_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237695","volume":"15","author":"GE Duncan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duncan GE, Avery AR, Seto E, et al (2020) Perceived change in physical activity levels and mental health during COVID-19: Findings among adult twin pairs. PLoS ONE 15:e0237695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0237695","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1956_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3708","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12123708","volume":"12","author":"M Visser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Visser M, Schaap LA, Wijnhoven HA (2020) Self-reported impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nutrition and physical activity behaviour in dutch older adults living independently. Nutrients 12:3708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12123708","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1956_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1501-6","volume":"24","author":"M Yamada","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yamada M, Kimura Y, Ishiyama D et al (2020) Effect of the COVID-19 epidemic on physical activity in community-dwelling older adults in Japan: a cross-sectional online survey. J Nutr Health Aging 24:948\u2013950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12603-020-1501-6","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"1956_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e60","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa274","volume":"76","author":"T Rantanen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rantanen T, Eronen J, Kauppinen M et al (2020) Life-space mobility and active aging as factors underlying quality of life among older people before and during COVID-19 lock-down in finland \u2013 a longitudinal study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 76:e60\u2013e67. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glaa274","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"1956_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz172","volume":"75","author":"H Skantz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Skantz H, Rantanen T, Palmberg L et al (2020) Outdoor mobility and use of adaptive or maladaptive walking modifications among older people. J Gerontol: Series A 75:806\u2013812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glz172","journal-title":"J Gerontol: Series A"},{"key":"1956_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5487-5","volume":"18","author":"T Rantanen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rantanen T, Saajanaho M, Karavirta L et al (2018) Active aging\u2013resilience and external support as modifiers of the disablement outcome: AGNES cohort study protocol. BMC Public Health 18:565","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"1956_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7869-8","volume":"19","author":"E Portegijs","year":"2019","unstructured":"Portegijs E, Karavirta L, Saajanaho M et al (2019) Assessing physical performance and physical activity in large population-based aging studies: home-based assessments or visits to the research center? BMC Public Health 19:1570","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"1956_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154396","volume":"11","author":"M Rantakokko","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rantakokko M, Portegijs E, Viljanen A et al (2016) Mobility modification alleviates environmental influence on incident mobility difficulty among community-dwelling older people: a two-year follow-up study. PLoS ONE 11:e0154396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0154396","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1956_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.06.016","volume":"88","author":"M M\u00e4nty","year":"2007","unstructured":"M\u00e4nty M, Heinonen A, Leinonen R et al (2007) Construct and predictive validity of a self-reported measure of preclinical mobility limitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 88:1108\u20131113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.06.016","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"1956_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51512.x","volume":"51","author":"PS Baker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baker PS, Bodner EV, Allman RM (2003) Measuring life-space mobility in community-dwelling older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 51:1610\u20131614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51512.x","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"1956_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-323","volume":"7","author":"E Portegijs","year":"2014","unstructured":"Portegijs E, Iwarsson S, Rantakokko M et al (2014) Life-space mobility assessment in older people in Finland; measurement properties in winter and spring. BMC Res Notes 7:323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-0500-7-323","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"1956_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.18218","volume":"82","author":"M Cardol","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cardol M, de Haan RJ, de Jong BA et al (2001) Psychometric properties of the impact on participation and autonomy questionnaire. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82:210\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/apmr.2001.18218","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"1956_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280601030066","volume":"29","author":"P Kersten","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kersten P, Cardol M, George S et al (2007) Validity of the impact on participation and autonomy questionnaire: a comparison between two countries. Disabil Rehabil 29:1502\u20131509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09638280601030066","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"1956_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199305000-00016","author":"L Dipietro","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dipietro L, Caspersen CJ, Ostfeld AM et al (1993) A survey for assessing physical activity among older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/00005768-199305000-00016","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"1956_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","volume":"1","author":"LS Radloff","year":"1977","unstructured":"Radloff LS (1977) The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas 1:385\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/014662167700100306","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Meas"},{"key":"1956_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M85","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/49.2.M85","volume":"49","author":"JM Guralnik","year":"1994","unstructured":"Guralnik JM, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L et al (1994) A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. J Gerontol 49:M85\u2013M94","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"key":"1956_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13","volume":"73","author":"K Liang","year":"1986","unstructured":"Liang K, Zeger SL (1986) Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika 73:13\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"1956_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.02.015","volume":"50","author":"H Shimada","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shimada H, Ishizaki T, Kato M et al (2010) How often and how far do frail elderly people need to go outdoors to maintain functional capacity? Arch Gerontol Geriatr 50:140\u2013146","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"1956_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264313497507","volume":"25","author":"KD Sheppard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sheppard KD, Sawyer P, Ritchie CS et al (2013) Life-space mobility predicts nursing home admission over 6 years. J Aging Health 25:907\u2013920","journal-title":"J Aging Health"},{"key":"1956_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03058.x","volume":"58","author":"PA Boyle","year":"2010","unstructured":"Boyle PA, Buchman AS, Barnes LL et al (2010) Association between life space and risk of mortality in advanced age. J Am Geriatr Soc 58:1925\u20131930","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"1956_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2011.08.018","volume":"54","author":"CO Weiss","year":"2012","unstructured":"Weiss CO, Wolff JL, Egleston B et al (2012) Incident preclinical mobility disability (PCMD) increases future risk of new difficulty walking and reduction in walking activity. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 54:e329\u2013e333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archger.2011.08.018","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"1956_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.08.028","volume":"50","author":"N Demnitz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Demnitz N, Esser P, Dawes H et al (2016) A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies examining the relationship between mobility and cognition in healthy older adults. Gait Posture 50:164\u2013174","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"1956_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02180.x","volume":"57","author":"M Rantakokko","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rantakokko M, M\u00e4nty M, Iwarsson S et al (2009) Fear of moving outdoors and development of outdoor walking difficulty in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 57:634\u2013640","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"1956_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx217","volume":"73","author":"T Poranen-Clark","year":"2018","unstructured":"Poranen-Clark T, von Bonsdorff MB, Rantakokko M et al (2018) The temporal association between executive function and life-space mobility in old age. J Gerontol: Series A 73:835\u2013839","journal-title":"J Gerontol: Series A"},{"key":"1956_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17086","volume":"69","author":"CK Ankuda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ankuda CK, Husain M, Bollens-Lund E et al (2021) The dynamics of being homebound over time: A prospective study of Medicare beneficiaries, 2012\u20132018. J Am Geriatr Soc 69:1609\u20131616","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"1956_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2015.06.013","volume":"36","author":"S Musich","year":"2015","unstructured":"Musich S, Wang SS, Hawkins K et al (2015) Homebound older adults: Prevalence, characteristics, health care utilization and quality of care. Geriatr Nurs 36:445\u2013450","journal-title":"Geriatr Nurs"},{"key":"1956_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860500409435","volume":"10","author":"AI Berg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Berg AI, Hassing LB, McClearn GE et al (2006) What matters for life satisfaction in the oldest-old? Aging Mental Health 10:257\u2013264","journal-title":"Aging Mental Health"},{"key":"1956_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tob\u00edas A. (2020) Evaluation of the lockdowns for the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Italy and Spain after one month follow up. Sci Total Environ :138539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138539.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138539"},{"key":"1956_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2020.08.007","volume":"28","author":"A Carriedo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carriedo A, Cecchini JA, Fernandez-Rio J et al (2020) COVID-19, psychological well-being and physical activity levels in older adults during the nationwide lockdown in Spain. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 28:1146\u20131155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jagp.2020.08.007","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"1956_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2021.102533","volume":"68","author":"E Portegijs","year":"2021","unstructured":"Portegijs E, Keskinen KE, Tuomola E et al (2021) Older adults\u2019 activity destinations before and during COVID-19 restrictions: from a variety of activities to mostly physical exercise close to home. Health Place 68:102533","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"1956_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13490","volume":"63","author":"P Manns","year":"2015","unstructured":"Manns P, Ezeugwu V, Armijo-Olivo S et al (2015) Accelerometer-derived pattern of sedentary and physical activity time in persons with mobility disability: national health and nutrition examination survey 2003 to 2006. J Am Geriatr Soc 63:1314\u20131323","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"}],"container-title":["Aging Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-021-01956-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40520-021-01956-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-021-01956-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T04:49:09Z","timestamp":1634791749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40520-021-01956-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1956"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-021-01956-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1720-8319"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1720-8319","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study protocols in both data collections were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. The ethical committee of the Central Finland hospital district provided an ethical statement of the AGNES study on August 23, 2017, and May 13, 2020.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statement of human and animal rights"}},{"value":"All participants signed an informed consent prior to the start of the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}