{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T14:56:37Z","timestamp":1772117797622,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,12]],"date-time":"2021-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631404800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,12]],"date-time":"2021-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004913","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004913","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aging Clin Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Fracture of the proximal femur is the most feared complication of osteoporosis. Given the numerous physiological functions that magnesium performs in our body, in the literature there is a correlation between osteoporosis and low serum levels of magnesium.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Evaluate the incidence of hypomagnesemia in patients with lateral fragility fracture of the proximal femur, the possible correlation between serum magnesium levels and fractures, and the effectiveness of supplementing Sucrosomial<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> magnesium associated with therapeutic exercise on the outcome of these patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We divided the study into two parts. In the first part, we assessed the preoperative incidence of hypomagnesemia in patients using a blood test. In the second part, patients with hypomagnesemia were divided, in the post-operative period, into two groups, who received, respectively, only therapeutic exercise or oral supplementation with sucrosomial magnesium associated with therapeutic exercise.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Half of the patients with fragility femoral fracture had hypomagnesemia, with a higher incidence of the subclinical form. From the comparison between the two groups, the T1 treatment group showed a significant improvement in blood levels of magnesium (2.11\u2009\u00b1\u20090.15 vs. 1.94\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11; <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20090.05), on the NRS scale (5.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.81 vs. 6.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.18; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), the Tinetti scale (17.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.15 vs. 15.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.98; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and the SarQoL questionnaire (47.3\u2009\u00b1\u20095.21 vs. 44.9\u2009\u00b1\u20095.54; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>More attention would be needed in the diagnosis and correction of subclinical hypomagnesemia and not just the simple and clinically evident one, including hypomagnesemia among the modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-01977-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,12]],"date-time":"2021-09-12T13:03:41Z","timestamp":1631451821000},"page":"545-553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Does the association of therapeutic exercise and supplementation with sucrosomial magnesium improve posture and balance and prevent the risk of new falls?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Dalila","family":"Scaturro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1630-1575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Vitagliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Terrana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Tomasello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Camarda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Letizia Mauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1977_CR1","volume-title":"Fragility fracture nursing: holistic care and management of the orthogeriatric patient [Internet], chap 1","author":"M van Oostwaard","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Oostwaard M (2018) Osteoporosis and the nature of fragility fracture: an overview. In: Hertz K, Santy-Tomlinson J (eds) Fragility fracture nursing: holistic care and management of the orthogeriatric patient [Internet], chap 1. Springer, Champaign"},{"key":"1977_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2010.06.014","volume":"97","author":"M Ehlinger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ehlinger M, Moser T, Adam P et al (2011) Early prediction of femoral head avascular necrosis following neck fracture. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 97:79\u201388","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"1977_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.5371\/hp.2016.28.1.43","volume":"28","author":"BW Min","year":"2016","unstructured":"Min BW, Lee KJ, Bae KC et al (2016) Result of internal fixation for stable femoral neck fractures in elderly patients. Hip Pelvis 28:43\u201348","journal-title":"Hip Pelvis"},{"key":"1977_CR4","unstructured":"Letizia Mauro G, Dalila S, Leone G (2018) Bone mineral density, fragility fractures and clinical risk factors. EuroMediterr Biomed J 13(35):155\u2013159"},{"key":"1977_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.2217\/whe.14.40","volume":"10","author":"R Rizzoli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rizzoli R, Bischoff-Ferrari H, Dawson-Hughes B et al (2014) Nutrition and bone health in womenafter the menopause. Womens Health (Lond) 10:599\u2013608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/whe.14.40","journal-title":"Womens Health (Lond)"},{"key":"1977_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2848","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11122848","volume":"11","author":"LR Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen LR, Hou PH, Chen KH (2019) Nutritional support and physical modalities for people with osteoporosis: current opinion. Nutrients 11:2848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11122848","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1977_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5083022","volume":"5","author":"S Castiglioni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Castiglioni S, Cazzaniga A, Albisetti W et al (2013) Magnesium and osteoporosis: current state of knowledge and future researchdirections. Nutrients 5:3022\u20133033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu5083022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1977_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2020.05.020","volume":"140","author":"A Capozzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Capozzi A, Scambia G, Lello S (2020) Calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K2, and magnesium supplementation and skeletal health. Maturitas 140:55\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.maturitas.2020.05.020","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"1977_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200115120-00002","volume":"15","author":"KW Muir","year":"2001","unstructured":"Muir KW (2001) Magnesium for neuroprotection in ischaemicstroke: rationale for use and evidence of effectiveness. CNS Drugs 15:921\u2013930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00023210-200115120-00002","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"1977_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28890","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.46.28890","volume":"271","author":"RB Kimble","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kimble RB, Srivastava S, Ross FP et al (1996) Estrogen deficiency increases the ability of stromal cells to support murine osteoclastogenesis via an interleukin-1and tumorne crosis factor-mediated stimulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production. J Biol Chem 271:28890\u201328897. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.271.46.28890","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1977_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.12.4.265","volume":"12","author":"G Paolisso","year":"1989","unstructured":"Paolisso G, Sgambato S, Pizza G et al (1989) Improved insulin response and action by chronic magnesium administration in aged NIDDM subjects. Diabetes Care 12:265\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.12.4.265","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1977_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1986.10720143","volume":"5","author":"FW Lowenstein","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lowenstein FW, Stanton MF (1986) Serum magnesium levels in the UnitedStates, 1971\u20131974. J Am Coll Nutr 5:399\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07315724.1986.10720143","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"1977_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9090946","volume":"9","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Xun P, Wang R et al (2017) Can magnesium enhance exercise performance? Nutrients 9:946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu9090946","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1977_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8199","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7095388","volume":"7","author":"U Gr\u00f6ber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gr\u00f6ber U, Schmidt J, Kisters K (2015) Magnesium in prevention and therapy. Nutrients 7:8199\u20138226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu7095388","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1977_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcx186","volume":"111","author":"AAA Ismail","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ismail AAA, Ismail Y, Ismail AA (2018) Chronic magnesium deficiency and human disease; time for reappraisal? QJM 111:759\u2013763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/qjmed\/hcx186","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"1977_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2017-000668","author":"JJ DiNicolantonio","year":"2018","unstructured":"DiNicolantonio JJ, O\u2019Keefe JH, Wilson W (2018) Subclinical magnesium deficiency: a principal driver of cardiovascular disease and a public health crisis. Open Heart. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/openhrt-2017-000668","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"1977_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.012765","volume":"7","author":"RB Costello","year":"2016","unstructured":"Costello RB, Elin RJ, Rosanoff A et al (2016) Perspective: the case for an evidence-based reference interval for serummagnesium: the time has come. Adv Nutr 7:977\u2013993. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/an.116.012765","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"1977_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2010.06.016","volume":"1802","author":"S Ferr\u00e8","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ferr\u00e8 S, Baldoli E, Leidi M et al (2010) Magnesium deficiency promotes a pro-atherogenic phenotype in cultured human endothelial cells via activation of NFkB. Biochim Biophys Acta 1802:952\u2013958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2010.06.016","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"1977_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2692","volume":"31","author":"AA Welch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Welch AA, Kelaiditi E, Jennings A et al (2016) Dietary magnesium is positively associated with skeletal muscle power and indices of muscle mass and may attenuate the association between circulating C-reactive protein and muscle mass in women. J Bone Miner Res 31:317\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.2692","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1977_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_201803_14605","volume":"22","author":"E Brilli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brilli E, Khadge S, Fabiano A et al (2018) Magnesium bioavailability after administration of sucrosomial\u00ae magnesium: results of an ex-vivo study and a comparative, double-blinded, cross-over study in healthy subjects. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 22:1843\u20131851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26355\/eurrev_201803_14605","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"1977_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9040328.PMID:28346348;PMCID:PMC5409667","volume":"9","author":"G Jean","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jean G, Souberbielle JC, Chazot C (2017) Vitamin D in chronic kidney disease and dialysis patients. Nutrients 9:328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu9040328.PMID:28346348;PMCID:PMC5409667","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1977_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1986.tb05480.x","volume":"34","author":"ME Tinetti","year":"1986","unstructured":"Tinetti ME (1986) Performance-oriented assessment of mobility problems in elderly patients. J Am GeriatrSoc 34:119\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1986.tb05480.x","journal-title":"J Am GeriatrSoc"},{"key":"1977_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/14737167.2017.1360768","volume":"17","author":"C Beaudart","year":"2017","unstructured":"Beaudart C, Reginster JY, Geerinck A et al (2017) Currentreview of the SarQoL\u00ae: a health-related quality of life questionnaire specific to sarcopenia. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 17:335\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14737167.2017.1360768","journal-title":"Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res"},{"key":"1977_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.01.008","volume":"36","author":"O Karcioglu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karcioglu O, Topacoglu H, Dikme O et al (2018) A systematic review of the pain scales in adults: which to use? Am J Emerg Med 36:707\u2013714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.01.008","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"1977_CR25","unstructured":"(2017) Osteoporosis: assessing the risk of fragility fracture. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK), London"},{"key":"1977_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-018-3008-3","volume":"48","author":"KK Kani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kani KK, Porrino JA, Mulcahy H et al (2019) Fragility fractures of the proximal femur: review and update for radiologists. Skeletal Radiol 48:29\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-018-3008-3","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"1977_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S257304","volume":"7","author":"G Iolascon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Iolascon G, de Sire A, Calafiore D et al (2020) Multifactorial Assessment of risk of falling in 753 post-menopausal women: a multicenter Cross-Sectional Study by the Italian Group for the Study of Metabolic Bone Diseases. Clin Interv Aging 7:1077\u20131084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CIA.S257304","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"1977_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Orchard TS, Larson JC, Alghothani N, et al (2014) Magnesium intake, bone mineral density, and fractures: results from the Women\u2019s Health Initiative Observational Study. Am J Clin Nutr 99:926\u2013933. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.113.067488","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.067488"},{"key":"1977_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3400-y","volume":"27","author":"M Farsinejad-Marj","year":"2016","unstructured":"Farsinejad-Marj M, Saneei P, Esmaillzadeh A (2016) Dietary magnesium intake, bone mineral density and risk of fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 27:1389\u20131399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-015-3400-y","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1977_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1995.10718540","volume":"14","author":"DL Rosenstein","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rosenstein DL, Ryschon TW, Niemela JE et al (1995) Skeletal muscle intracellular ionized magnesium measured by 31P-NMR spectroscopy across the menstrual cycle. J Am Coll Nutr 14:486\u2013490","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"1977_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2009.10719764","volume":"28","author":"RK Rude","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rude RK, Singer FR, Gruber HE (2009) Skeletal and hormonal effects of magnesium deficiency. J Am Coll Nutr 28:131\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07315724.2009.10719764","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"1977_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.04.005","volume":"37","author":"RK Rude","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rude RK, Gruber HE, Norton HJ et al (2005) Dietary magnesium reduction to 25% of nutrient requirement disrupts bone and mineral metabolism in the rat. Bone 37:211\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2005.04.005","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"1977_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53561.x","volume":"53","author":"KM Ryder","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ryder KM, Shorr RI, Bush AJ et al (2005) Magnesium intake from food and supplements is associated with bone mineral density in healthy older white subjects. J Am Geriatr Soc 53:1875\u20131880. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53561.x","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"1977_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.4.727","volume":"69","author":"KL Tucker","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tucker KL, Hannan MT, Chen H et al (1999) Potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with greater bone mineral density in elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 69:727\u2013736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/69.4.727","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1977_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-009-8416-8","volume":"133","author":"H Aydin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aydin H, Deyneli O, Yavuz D et al (2010) Short-term oral magnesium supplementation suppresses bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Biol Trace Elem Res 133:136\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-009-8416-8","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"1977_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.080168","volume":"100","author":"N Veronese","year":"2014","unstructured":"Veronese N, Berton L, Carraro S et al (2014) Effect of oral magnesium supplementation on physical performance in healthy elderly women involved in a weekly exercise program: a randomized controlled trial. Am J ClinNutr 100:974\u2013981. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.113.080168","journal-title":"Am J ClinNutr"},{"key":"1977_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082184","volume":"12","author":"HJ Shin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shin HJ, Na HS, Do SH (2020) Magnesium and pain. Nutrients 12:2184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12082184","journal-title":"Nutrients"}],"container-title":["Aging Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-021-01977-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40520-021-01977-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-021-01977-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T10:44:17Z","timestamp":1646304257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40520-021-01977-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,12]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1977"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-021-01977-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1720-8319"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1720-8319","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and animal rights"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital of Palermo, Italy (n\u00b0 4\/2020).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}