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We used the audiometric definition of hearing loss (HL) adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO). Speech-frequencies were measured at 0.5\u00a0kHz, 1\u00a0kHz, 2\u00a0kHz, and 4\u00a0kHz; high-frequencies were measured at 4\u00a0kHz and 8\u00a0kHz. Pure tone average (PTA) was measured as hearing sensitivity. Cognitive performance was measured using the mini mental state examination (MMSE).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our studies demonstrated a 37.6% prevalence of HL in males and a 36.0% prevalence of HL in females. Adjusted for confounding variables, the results from a multivariate analysis showed that SFHL was associated with CI in females (OR\u2009=\u20092.922, 95% Confidence Interval\u2009=\u20091.666\u20135.124) and males (OR\u2009=\u20092.559, 95% Confidence Interval\u2009=\u20091.252\u20135.232). However, HFHL was associated with CI only in females (OR\u2009=\u20093.490, 95% Confidence Interval\u2009=\u20091.834\u20136.643). HL was associated with poorer cognitive scores (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). \u201cRegistration\u201d (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in MMSE was associated with speech- and high-frequency hearing sensitivity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The associations between HL and CI varied according to gender in older community-dwellers, suggesting that different mechanisms are involved in the etiology of HL. Moreover, hearing sensitivity was negatively associated with cognition scores; therefore, early screening for HL and CI among older community-dwelling adults is advised.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-01990-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T07:41:50Z","timestamp":1634542910000},"page":"857-868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Gender-specific associations of speech-frequency hearing loss, high-frequency hearing loss, and cognitive impairment among older community dwellers in China"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Jingru","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peipei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuewen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weibo","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fandi","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shumeng","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1990_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30403-4","volume":"18","author":"GBD","year":"2016","unstructured":"GBD (2016) Dementia Collaborators (2019) Global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other dementias, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. 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