{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:45:27Z","timestamp":1787510727011,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]],"date-time":"2022-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642809600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]],"date-time":"2022-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aging Clin Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-02047-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T19:03:41Z","timestamp":1642791821000},"page":"465-474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Clinical outcomes of geriatric patients with COVID-19: review of one-year data"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5661-1738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulru","family":"Ulugerger Avci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahar","family":"Bektan Kanat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veysel","family":"Suzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunay","family":"Can","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bora","family":"Korkmazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ridvan","family":"Karaali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fehmi","family":"Tabak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sermin","family":"Borekci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gokhan","family":"Aygun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hakan","family":"Yavuzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alper","family":"Doventas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2047_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.45053","volume":"16","author":"J Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng J (2020) SARS-CoV-2: an emerging coronavirus that causes a global threat. Int J Biol Sci 16:1678\u20131685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijbs.45053","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"2047_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2016.03.003","volume":"24","author":"S Su","year":"2016","unstructured":"Su S, Wong G, Shi W et al (2016) Epidemiology, genetic recombination, and pathogenesis of coronaviruses. Trends Microbiol 24:490\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2016.03.003","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"2047_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-019-1273-z","volume":"23","author":"E Dent","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dent E, Morley JE, Cruz-Jentoft AJ et al (2019) Physical frailty: ICFSR International clinical practice guidelines for identification and management. J Nutr Health Aging 23:771\u2013787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12603-019-1273-z","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"2047_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1356-x","volume":"24","author":"F Landi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Landi F, Barillaro C, Bellieni A et al (2020) The new challenge of geriatrics: saving frail older people from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic infection. J Nutr Health Aging 24:466\u2013470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12603-020-1356-x","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"2047_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.019","volume":"80","author":"L Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang L, He W, Yu X et al (2020) Coronavirus disease 2019 in elderly patients: characteristics and prognostic factors based on 4-week follow-up. J Infect 80:639\u2013645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.019","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2047_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0000000000000524","volume":"35","author":"S Simpson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Simpson S, Kay FU, Abbara S et al (2020) Radiological Society of North America Expert Consensus Statement on Reporting Chest CT Findings Related to COVID-19. Endorsed by the Society of Thoracic Radiology, the American College of Radiology, and RSNA-Secondary Publication. J Thorac Imaging 35:219\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RTI.0000000000000524","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"2047_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2017.04.007","volume":"52","author":"J Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim J, Parish AL (2017) Polypharmacy and medication management in older adults. Nurs Clin North Am 52:457\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cnur.2017.04.007","journal-title":"Nurs Clin North Am"},{"key":"2047_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0621-2","volume":"17","author":"N Masnoon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Masnoon N, Shakib S, Kalisch-Ellett L et al (2017) What is polypharmacy? A systematic review of definitions. BMC Geriatr 17:230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-017-0621-2","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"2047_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","volume":"395","author":"F Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou F, Yu T, Du R et al (2020) Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 395:497\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2047_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-05845-x","volume":"21","author":"HC Acar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Acar HC, Can G, Karaali R et al (2021) An easy-to-use nomogram for predicting in-hospital mortality risk in COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study in a university hospital. BMC Infect Dis 21:148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-021-05845-x","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2047_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16472","volume":"68","author":"Z Shahid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shahid Z, Kalayanamitra R, McClafferty B et al (2020) COVID-19 and older adults: what we know. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:926\u2013929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.16472","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2047_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14238","volume":"75","author":"J Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang J, Dong X, Cao YY et al (2020) Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan. China Allergy 75:1730\u20131741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.14238","journal-title":"China Allergy"},{"key":"2047_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E19","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16533","volume":"68","author":"H Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun H, Ning R, Tao Y (2020) Risk factors for mortality in 244 older adults with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:E19\u2013E23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.16533","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2047_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6912e2","volume":"69","author":"CDC COVID-19 Response Team","year":"2020","unstructured":"CDC COVID-19 Response Team (2020) Severe outcomes among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)\u2014United States, February 12-March 16, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 69:343\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6912e2","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2047_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648","volume":"323","author":"Z Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu Z, McGoogan JM (2020) Characteristics of and \u0131mportant lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a Report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. J Am Med Assoc 323:1239\u20131242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.2648","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"2047_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.05.002","volume":"59","author":"C Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu C, Lei Q, Li W et al (2020) Clinical characteristics, associated factors, and predicting COVID-19 mortality risk: a retrospective study in Wuhan, China. Am J Prev Med 59:168\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.05.002","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2047_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-00907-0","volume":"13","author":"Y Meng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meng Y, Lu W, Guo E et al (2020) Cancer history is an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a propensity score-matched analysis. J Hematol Oncol 13:75. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13045-020-00907-0","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"2047_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30096-6","volume":"21","author":"W Liang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liang W, Guan W, Chen R et al (2020) Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China. Lancet Oncol 21:335\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30096-6","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2047_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-020-0074-x","volume":"12","author":"H Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu H, Zhong L, Deng J et al (2020) High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. Int J Oral Sci 12:8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41368-020-0074-x","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"2047_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0688-y","volume":"5","author":"M Letko","year":"2020","unstructured":"Letko M, Marzi A, Munster V (2020) Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses. Nat Microbiol 5:562\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41564-020-0688-y","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"2047_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","volume":"579","author":"P Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG et al (2020) A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature 579:270\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2047_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/256294","author":"C Tikellis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tikellis C, Thomas MC (2012) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a key modulator of the renin angiotensin system in health and disease. Int J Pept. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/256294","journal-title":"Int J Pept"},{"key":"2047_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00180","volume":"9","author":"A Rathinasabapathy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rathinasabapathy A, Horowitz A, Horton K et al (2018) The selective angiotensin II type 2 receptor agonist, compound 21, attenuates the progression of lung fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension in an experimental model of bleomycin-induced lung injury. Front Physiol 9:180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2018.00180","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2047_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-020-00211-0","volume":"26","author":"P Namsolleck","year":"2020","unstructured":"Namsolleck P, Moll GN (2020) Does activation of the protective Renin-Angiotensin System have therapeutic potential in COVID-19? Mol Med 26:80. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10020-020-00211-0","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"2047_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20200922","volume":"134","author":"U Muscha Steckelings","year":"2020","unstructured":"Muscha Steckelings U, Sumners C (2020) Correcting the imbalanced protective RAS in COVID-19 with angiotensin AT2-receptor agonists. Clin Sci 134:2987\u20133006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/CS20200922","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"2047_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-016-9952-8","volume":"38","author":"EM Simonsick","year":"2016","unstructured":"Simonsick EM, Meier HCS, Shaffer NC et al (2016) Basal body temperature as a biomarker of healthy aging. Age (Dordr) 38:445\u2013454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11357-016-9952-8","journal-title":"Age (Dordr)"},{"key":"2047_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25735","volume":"92","author":"P Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun P, Qie S, Liu Z et al (2020) Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a single arm meta-analysis. J Med Virol 92:612\u2013617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25735","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2047_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa538","volume":"71","author":"K Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang K, Zuo P, Liu Y et al (2020) Clinical and laboratory predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease-2019: a cohort study in Wuhan. China Clin Infect Dis 71:2079\u20132088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa538","journal-title":"China Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2047_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11306","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103583","volume":"12","author":"G Bousquet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bousquet G, Falgarone G, Deutsch D et al (2020) ADL-dependency, D-Dimers, LDH and absence of anticoagulation are independently associated with one-month mortality in older inpatients with Covid-19. Aging (Albany NY) 12:11306\u201311313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.103583","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"2047_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.4065\/79.11.1372","volume":"79","author":"CH Chiang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chiang CH, Shih JF, Su WJ et al (2004) Eight-month prospective study of 14 patients with hospital-acquired severe acute respiratory syndrome. Mayo Clinic Proc 79:1372\u20131379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/79.11.1372","journal-title":"Mayo Clinic Proc"},{"key":"2047_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-020-02432-x","volume":"15","author":"M Marietta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marietta M, Coluccio V, Luppi M (2020) COVID-19, coagulopathy and venous thromboembolism: more questions than answers. Intern Emerg Med 15:1375\u20131387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11739-020-02432-x","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"2047_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa248","volume":"71","author":"C Qin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z et al (2020) Dysregulation of immune response in patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis 71:762\u2013768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa248","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2047_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E41","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020200343","volume":"296","author":"X Xie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xie X, Zhong Z, Zhao W et al (2020) Chest CT for typical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: relationship to negative RT-PCR testing. Radiology 296:E41\u2013E45. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2020200343","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2047_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E115","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020200432","volume":"296","author":"Y Fang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fang Y, Zhang H, Xie J et al (2020) Sensitivity of chest CT for COVID-19: comparison to RT-PCR. Radiology 296:E115\u2013E117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2020200432","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2047_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25721","volume":"92","author":"Y Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Y, Kang H, Liu X et al (2020) Combination of RT-qPCR testing and clinical features for diagnosis of COVID-19 facilitates management of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. J Med Virol 92:538\u2013539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25721","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2047_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-0127-9","volume":"5","author":"W Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou W, Liu Y, Tian D et al (2020) Potential benefits of precise corticosteroids therapy for severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Signal Transduct Target Ther 5:18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-020-0127-9","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2047_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-0158-2","volume":"5","author":"Y Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Y, Jiang W, He Q et al (2020) A retrospective cohort study of methylprednisolone therapy in severe patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Signal Transduct Target Ther 5:57. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-020-0158-2","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2047_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2021436","volume":"384","author":"P Horby","year":"2021","unstructured":"RECOVERY Collaborative Group, Horby P, Lim WS et al (2021) Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med 384:693\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2021436","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2047_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.17023","volume":"324","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2020","unstructured":"WHO Rapid Evidence Appraisal for COVID-19 Therapies (REACT) Working Group, Sterne JAC, Murthy S et al (2020) Association between administration of systemic corticosteroids and mortality among critically ill patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis. JAMA 324:1330\u20131341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.17023","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Aging Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-021-02047-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40520-021-02047-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-021-02047-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T02:21:03Z","timestamp":1644891663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40520-021-02047-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-021-02047-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1720-8319"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1720-8319","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 October 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No conflict of interest has been declared by the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa, Cerrahpa\u015fa Medical Faculty (35115-19.02.2021).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statement of human and animal rights"}},{"value":"An informed consent was obtained from all participants who were given assurances that their data would be treated confidentially.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}