{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:29:38Z","timestamp":1792513778338,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,5]],"date-time":"2023-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691193600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,5]],"date-time":"2023-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002954","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano - Bicocca","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002954","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aging Clin Exp Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study analyzes the effect of frailty and Post-Operative Delirium (POD) on the functional status at hospital discharge and at 4-month follow-up in patients with hip fracture (HF).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Multicenter prospective observational study of older patients with HF admitted to 12 Italian Orthogeriatric centers (July 2019-August 2022). POD was assessed using the 4AT. A 26-item Frailty Index (FI) was created using data collected on admission. The outcome measures were Cumulated Ambulation Score (CAS)\u2009\u2264\u20092 at discharge and a telephone-administered CAS\u2009\u2264\u20092 after 4\u00a0months. Poisson regression models were used to assess the effect of frailty and POD on outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>984 patients (median age 84\u00a0years, IQR\u2009=\u200979\u201389) were recruited: 480 (48.7%) were frail at admission, 311 (31.6%) developed POD, and 158 (15.6%) had both frailty and POD. In a robust Poisson regression, frailty alone (Relative Risk, RR\u2009=\u20091.56, 95% Confidence Intervals, CI 1.19\u20132.04, p\u2009=\u20090.001) and its combination with POD (RR\u2009=\u20092.57, 95% CI 2.02\u20133.26, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were associated with poor functional status at discharge. At 4-month follow-up, the combination of frailty with POD (RR 3.65, 95% CI 1.85\u20137.2, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) increased the risk of poor outcome more than frailty alone (RR 2.38, 95% CI 1.21\u20134.66, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>POD development exacerbates the negative effect that frailty exerts on functional outcomes in HF patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-023-02522-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,5]],"date-time":"2023-08-05T13:01:38Z","timestamp":1691240498000},"page":"2499-2506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Frailty and post-operative delirium influence on functional status in patients with hip fracture: the GIOG 2.0 study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Chiara Maria","family":"Gandossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Zambon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Tassistro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Castoldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Mussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Sergi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Coin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Zatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Trevisan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Volpato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ungar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5430-0947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Bellelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"GIOG 2.0 Study Group, Societ\u00e0 Italiana di Gerontologia e Geriatria (SIGG)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Lia","family":"Lunardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Benvenuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Pilotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amedeo","family":"Zurlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Pizzonia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Antonelli Incalzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Residori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Cena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Mazzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Corsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Galluccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Ricc\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Molteni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Poli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Bendini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Ceccofiglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaia","family":"Rubbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Mannarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Cartei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Barghini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Del Lungo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Tognelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Bandinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Venturelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Cella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Ceolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Labjona","family":"Haxhiaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Laudisio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Residori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Bonetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Valsecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2522_CR1","unstructured":"Agenas - Agenzia Nazionale per i servizi sanitari Regionali AGENAS. http:\/\/pne2017.agenas.it\/. Accessed 18 Jan 2023"},{"key":"2522_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-0936-8","volume":"21","author":"S Maggi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maggi S, Siviero P, Wetle T et al (2010) A multicenter survey on profile of care for hip fracture: predictors of mortality and disability. Osteoporos Int 21:223\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-009-0936-8","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2522_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2012.06.007","volume":"13","author":"G Bellelli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bellelli G, Mazzola P, Corsi M et al (2012) The combined effect of ADL impairment and delay in time from fracture to surgery on 12-month mortality: an observational study in orthogeriatric patients. J Am Med Dir Assoc 13:e9-664.e14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2012.06.007","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"2522_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-1964-3","volume":"23","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kanis JA, Od\u00e9n A, McCloskey EV et al (2012) A systematic review of hip fracture incidence and probability of fracture worldwide. Osteoporos Int 23:2239\u20132256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-012-1964-3","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2522_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/pl00004148","volume":"7","author":"B Gullberg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gullberg B, Johnell O, Kanis JA (1997) World-wide projections for hip fracture. Osteoporos Int 7:407\u2013413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/pl00004148","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2522_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1458-7","volume":"17","author":"Geriatric Medicine Research Collaborative","year":"2019","unstructured":"Geriatric Medicine Research Collaborative (2019) Delirium is prevalent in older hospital inpatients and associated with adverse outcomes: results of a prospective multi-centre study on World Delirium Awareness Day. BMC Med 17:229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-019-1458-7","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2522_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15503","volume":"66","author":"I Persico","year":"2018","unstructured":"Persico I, Cesari M, Morandi A et al (2018) Frailty and delirium in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2022\u20132030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.15503","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2522_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20191001-05","volume":"42","author":"A Boissonneault","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boissonneault A, Mener A, Schwartz A et al (2019) Impact of frailty on 30-day morbidity and mortality of patients with intertrochanteric femur fractures. Orthopedics 42:344\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/01477447-20191001-05","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"2522_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001386","volume":"33","author":"JM Wilson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wilson JM, Boissonneault AR, Schwartz AM et al (2019) Frailty and malnutrition are associated with inpatient postoperative complications and mortality in hip fracture patients. J Orthop Trauma 33:143\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001386","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2522_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55459-2","volume":"9","author":"C-L Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen C-L, Chen C-M, Wang C-Y et al (2019) Frailty is associated with an increased risk of major adverse outcomes in elderly patients following surgical treatment of hip fracture. Sci Rep 9:19135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-55459-2","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2522_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.07.005","volume":"18","author":"LJ Gleason","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gleason LJ, Benton EA, Alvarez-Nebreda ML et al (2017) FRAIL questionnaire screening tool and short-term outcomes in geriatric fracture patients. J Am Med Dir Assoc 18:1082\u20131086. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.07.005","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"2522_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5561","volume":"36","author":"CM Gandossi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gandossi CM, Zambon A, Oliveri G et al (2021) Frailty, post-operative delirium and functional status at discharge in patients with hip fracture. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 36:1524\u20131530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.5561","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2522_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60688-1","volume":"383","author":"SK Inouye","year":"2014","unstructured":"Inouye SK, Westendorp RGJ, Saczynski JS (2014) Delirium in elderly people. Lancet 383:911\u2013922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60688-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2522_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12885","volume":"62","author":"G Bellelli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bellelli G, Mazzola P, Morandi A et al (2014) Duration of postoperative delirium is an independent predictor of 6-month mortality in older adults after hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc 62:1335\u20131340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.12885","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2522_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.10.011","volume":"50","author":"T Inoue","year":"2019","unstructured":"Inoue T, Misu S, Tanaka T et al (2019) Frailty defined by 19 items as a predictor of short-term functional recovery in patients with hip fracture. Injury 50:2272\u20132276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2019.10.011","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2522_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.02764.x","volume":"58","author":"X Song","year":"2010","unstructured":"Song X, Mitnitski A, Rockwood K (2010) Prevalence and 10-year outcomes of frailty in older adults in relation to deficit accumulation. J Am Geriatr Soc 58:681\u2013687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.02764.x","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2522_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu021","volume":"43","author":"G Bellelli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bellelli G, Morandi A, Davis DHJ et al (2014) Validation of the 4AT, a new instrument for rapid delirium screening: a study in 234 hospitalised older people. Age Ageing 43:496\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afu021","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2522_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa224","volume":"50","author":"Z Tieges","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tieges Z, MacLullich AMJ, Anand A et al (2021) Diagnostic accuracy of the 4AT for delirium detection in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing 50:733\u2013743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afaa224","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2522_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4914","volume":"33","author":"G Bellelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bellelli G, Carnevali L, Corsi M et al (2018) The impact of psychomotor subtypes and duration of delirium on 6-month mortality in hip-fractured elderly patients. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 33:1229\u20131235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.4914","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2522_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s002640000152","volume":"8","author":"MJ Parker","year":"1998","unstructured":"Parker MJ, Currie CT, Mountain JA et al (1998) Standardised Audit of hip fracture in Europe (SAHFE). Hip Int 8:10\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002640000152","journal-title":"Hip Int"},{"key":"2522_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1975.tb00927.x","volume":"23","author":"E Pfeiffer","year":"1975","unstructured":"Pfeiffer E (1975) A short portable mental status questionnaire for the assessment of organic brain deficit in elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 23:433\u2013441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1975.tb00927.x","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2522_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197810000-00003","volume":"49","author":"WD Owens","year":"1978","unstructured":"Owens WD, Felts JA, Spitznagel EL (1978) ASA Physical status classifications: a study of consistency of ratings. Anesthesiology 49:239\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000542-197810000-00003","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"2522_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215506cre987oa","volume":"20","author":"NB Foss","year":"2006","unstructured":"Foss NB, Kristensen MT, Kehlet H (2006) Prediction of postoperative morbidity, mortality and rehabilitation in hip fracture patients: the cumulated ambulation score. Clin Rehabil 20:701\u2013708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/0269215506cre987oa","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"2522_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2016-042192","volume":"23","author":"K Brown","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brown K, Cameron ID, Keay L et al (2017) Functioning and health-related quality of life following injury in older people: a systematic review. Inj Prev 23:403\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/injuryprev-2016-042192","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"key":"2522_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0519-5","volume":"18","author":"W Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen W, Qian L, Shi J et al (2018) Comparing performance between log-binomial and robust Poisson regression models for estimating risk ratios under model misspecification. BMC Med Res Methodol 18:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12874-018-0519-5","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"2522_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2939","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-022-05605-9","volume":"46","author":"B Yan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yan B, Sun W, Wang W et al (2022) Prognostic significance of frailty in older patients with hip fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Orthop 46:2939\u20132952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-022-05605-9","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"2522_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.21.00065","author":"JL Lemos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lemos JL, Welch JM, Xiao M et al (2021) Is frailty associated with adverse outcomes after orthopaedic surgery?: A systematic review and assessment of definitions. JBJS Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.21.00065","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"key":"2522_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa131","volume":"50","author":"S Low","year":"2021","unstructured":"Low S, Wee E, Dorevitch M (2021) Impact of place of residence, frailty and other factors on rehabilitation outcomes post hip fracture. Age Ageing 50:423\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afaa131","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2522_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2021.104552","volume":"98","author":"A Shimizu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shimizu A, Maeda K, Fujishima I et al (2022) Hospital Frailty Risk Score predicts adverse events in older patients with hip fractures after surgery: analysis of a nationwide inpatient database in Japan. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 98:104552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archger.2021.104552","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"2522_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15870","volume":"67","author":"JA Ouellet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ouellet JA, Ouellet GM, Romegialli AM et al (2019) Functional outcomes after hip fracture in independent community-dwelling patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1386\u20131392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.15870","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2522_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002849","volume":"131","author":"Z Shi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shi Z, Mei X, Li C et al (2019) Postoperative delirium is associated with long-term decline in activities of daily living. Anesthesiology 131:492\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002849","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"2522_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M146","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.m146","volume":"56","author":"LP Fried","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J et al (2001) Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 56:M146\u2013M156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.m146","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2522_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/61.2.204","volume":"61","author":"DK Kiely","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kiely DK, Jones RN, Bergmann MA et al (2006) Association between delirium resolution and functional recovery among newly admitted postacute facility patients. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 61:204\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/61.2.204","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2522_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13838","volume":"20","author":"R Bielza","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bielza R, Zambrana F, de la Puente EF et al (2020) Impact of delirium on short-term outcomes in hip fracture patients under a program of approach to delirium. Geriatr Gerontol Int 20:130\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ggi.13838","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"2522_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01096","volume":"419","author":"M Amoretti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Amoretti M, Amsler C, Bonomi G et al (2002) Production and detection of cold antihydrogen atoms. Nature 419:456\u2013459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature01096","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2522_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afab042","volume":"50","author":"P Mazzola","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mazzola P, Tassistro E, Di Santo S et al (2021) The relationship between frailty and delirium: insights from the 2017 Delirium Day study. Age Ageing 50:1593\u20131599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afab042","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2522_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.7779","volume":"175","author":"TT Hshieh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hshieh TT, Yue J, Oh E et al (2015) Effectiveness of multicomponent nonpharmacological delirium interventions: a meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 175:512\u2013520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.7779","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2522_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-8-24","volume":"8","author":"SD Searle","year":"2008","unstructured":"Searle SD, Mitnitski A, Gahbauer EA et al (2008) A standard procedure for creating a frailty index. BMC Geriatr 8:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2318-8-24","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"2522_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3543","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30350-3","volume":"13","author":"DL Vetrano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vetrano DL, Zucchelli A, Onder G et al (2023) Frailty detection among primary care older patients through the primary care frailty index (PC-FI). Sci Rep 13:3543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-30350-3","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2522_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16001","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192316001","volume":"19","author":"W Cao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao W, Cao C, Zheng X et al (2022) Factors Associated with Medication Adherence among Community-Dwelling Older People with Frailty and Pre-Frailty in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19:16001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph192316001","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"}],"container-title":["Aging Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-023-02522-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40520-023-02522-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-023-02522-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T17:34:33Z","timestamp":1699292073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40520-023-02522-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,5]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["2522"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-023-02522-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1720-8319"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1720-8319","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 August 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All Authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the hospital Institutional Review Board. The study was compliant with the declaration of Helsinki and no identifiable personal data were used for this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Brianza Institutional Review Board and was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. No identifiable personal data were used for this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statement of human and animal rights"}},{"value":"Informed consent for participation in clinical studies was obtained from all patients.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}