{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:58:20Z","timestamp":1790949500281,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021713","name":"Universidad de Almer\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aging Clin Exp Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The global population is undergoing rapid aging, making physical activity a crucial element in preventing mortality and lowering the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Age-related declines in muscle mass and cognitive abilities significantly contribute to frailty and dependency. Thus, this study focuses on a meticulous analysis of the protective effects of multidomain interventions, an emerging resource combating age-related declines. It seeks to underscore their profound impact on cognitive flexibility and sarcopenia, highlighting their pivotal role in mitigating the adverse effects of aging. To identify relevant randomized controlled trials up to November 2023, we reviewed eight online academic databases, following PERSiST guidelines, PRISMA reporting system, and PICOs criteria. Meta-analyses on selected functional outcomes utilized a random-effects model, including the Timed Up and Go Test, Sit to Stand Test, Victoria Stroop Test, and Trail Making Test. Out of 2082 scrutinized articles, 17 were included in the systematic review, and 8 in the meta-analysis. Positive effects (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.05,\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u200957%; 95% CI \u2013\u00a00.63 to \u2013\u00a00.05) were observed in cognitive flexibility for certain interventions. Similarly, interventions addressing muscle strength demonstrated improvements in the Sit to Stand Test for the exercise group compared to the control group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.02,\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090%; 95% CI \u2013\u00a00.63 to \u2013\u00a00.05). These findings underscore the importance of incorporating physical activity as a primary component of public health interventions for promoting healthy aging and reducing the burden of age-related diseases. Future interventions may explore more homogeneous approaches and evaluate the impact of thrice multidomain weekly sessions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-024-02700-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T02:05:21Z","timestamp":1708567521000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Multidomain interventions for sarcopenia and cognitive flexibility in older adults for promoting healthy aging: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0787-407X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. M.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Llorente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Casimiro-And\u00fajar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. G.","family":"Linhares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. G.","family":"De Souza Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1624-5013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. J.","family":"Marcos-Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2700_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3947","DOI":"10.3389\/FPUBH.2022.1009775\/BIBTEX","volume":"10","author":"D Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim D, Ko Y, Jung A (2022) Longitudinal effects of exercise according to the World Health Organization guidelines on cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults. Front Public Health 10:3947. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FPUBH.2022.1009775\/BIBTEX","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2700_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-022-00507-x","author":"K Dillon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dillon K, Morava A, Prapavessis H et al (2022) Total sedentary time and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med Open. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40798-022-00507-x","journal-title":"Sports Med Open."},{"key":"2700_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, et al (2001) Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. Vol 56. https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomedgerontology\/article\/56\/3\/M146\/545770. Accessed 1 May 2023","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146"},{"key":"2700_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.03.022","volume":"14","author":"JE Morley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morley JE, Vellas B, Abellan van Kan G et al (2013) Frailty consensus: a call to action. J Am Med Dir Assoc 14:392\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.03.022","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"2700_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/S40520-016-0715-2\/TABLES\/2","volume":"29","author":"F Landi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Landi F, Cesari M, Calvani R et al (2017) The \u201cSarcopenia and Physical fRailty IN older people: multi-componenT Treatment strategies\u201d (SPRINTT) randomized controlled trial: design and methods. Aging Clin Exp Res 29:89\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S40520-016-0715-2\/TABLES\/2","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2700_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","volume":"48","author":"AJ Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J et al (2019) Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing 48:16\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2700_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-019-1188-8","volume":"23","author":"G CabettCipolli","year":"2019","unstructured":"CabettCipolli G, Sanches Yassuda M, Aprahamian I (2019) Sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr Health Aging 23:525\u2013531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12603-019-1188-8","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"2700_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.22.4.508","volume":"22","author":"R Hull","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hull R, Martin RC, Beier ME et al (2008) Executive function in older adults: a structural equation modeling approach. Neuropsychology 22:508\u2013522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0894-4105.22.4.508","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"2700_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.01.004","volume":"9","author":"A De la Rosa","year":"2020","unstructured":"De la Rosa A, Olaso-Gonzalez G, Arc-Chagnaud C et al (2020) Physical exercise in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Sport Health Sci 9:394\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.01.004","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"2700_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2019.1584785","volume":"24","author":"A Guarino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guarino A, Forte G, Giovannoli J et al (2020) Executive functions in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review on motor and cognitive inhibition, conflict control, and cognitive flexibility. Aging Ment Health 24:1028\u20131045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13607863.2019.1584785","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"2700_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2020.103810","author":"J Xiong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiong J, Ye M, Wang L et al (2021) Effects of physical exercise on executive function in cognitively healthy older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials: Physical exercise for executive function. Int J Nurs Stud. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2020.103810","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"2700_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3389\/FMED.2019.00321\/BIBTEX","volume":"6","author":"M Adcock","year":"2020","unstructured":"Adcock M, Fankhauser M, Post J et al (2020) Effects of an in-home multicomponent exergame training on physical functions, cognition, and brain volume of older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 6:321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FMED.2019.00321\/BIBTEX","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2700_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003230","author":"MS Fragala","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fragala MS, Cadore EL, Dorgo S et al (2019) Resistance training for older adults: position statement from the national strength and conditioning association. J Strength Condit Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003230","journal-title":"J Strength Condit Res"},{"key":"2700_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JALZ.2017.09.006","volume":"14","author":"A Rosenberg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rosenberg A, Ngandu T, Rusanen M et al (2018) Multidomain lifestyle intervention benefits a large elderly population at risk for cognitive decline and dementia regardless of baseline characteristics: the FINGER trial. Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia 14:263\u2013270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JALZ.2017.09.006","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia"},{"key":"2700_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2019.03.008","volume":"8","author":"JL Etnier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Etnier JL, Chang YK (2019) Exercise, cognitive function, and the brain: advancing our understanding of complex relationships. J Sport Health Sci 8:299\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jshs.2019.03.008","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"2700_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-022-01769-x","volume":"53","author":"DL Marques","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marques DL, Neiva HP, Marinho DA et al (2023) Manipulating the resistance training volume in middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis of the effects on muscle strength and size, muscle quality, and functional capacity. Sports Med 53:503\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-022-01769-x","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2700_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-103987","volume":"56","author":"CL Ardern","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ardern CL, B\u00fcttner F, Andrade R et al (2022) Implementing the 27 PRISMA 2020 Statement items for systematic reviews in the sport and exercise medicine, musculoskeletal rehabilitation and sports science fields: the PERSiST (implementing Prisma in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport medicine and SporTs science) guidance. Br J Sports Med 56:175\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2021-103987","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2700_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","author":"MJ Page","year":"2020","unstructured":"Page MJ, Mckenzie JE, Bossuyt PM et al (2020) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2700_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ et al (2019) RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l4898","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2700_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000020","volume":"13","author":"NA Smart","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smart NA, Waldron M, Ismail H et al (2015) Validation of a new tool for the assessment of study quality and reporting in exercise training studies: TESTEX. Int J Evid Based Healthc 13:9\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000020","journal-title":"Int J Evid Based Healthc"},{"key":"2700_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67251-8","author":"SX Sui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sui SX, Holloway-Kew KL, Hyde NK et al (2020) Muscle strength and gait speed rather than lean mass are better indicators for poor cognitive function in older men. Sci Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-67251-8","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2700_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2019.1648747","volume":"27","author":"K F\u00e4llman","year":"2020","unstructured":"F\u00e4llman K, Lundgren L, Wressle E et al (2020) Normative data for the oldest old: trail making test A, symbol digit modalities test, victoria stroop test and parallel serial mental operations. Aging Neuropsychol Cogn 27:567\u2013580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13825585.2019.1648747","journal-title":"Aging Neuropsychol Cogn"},{"key":"2700_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1111\/GGI.12411","volume":"15","author":"JH Ansai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ansai JH, Rebelatto JR (2015) Effect of two physical exercise protocols on cognition and depressive symptoms in oldest-old people: a randomized controlled trial. Geriatr Gerontol Int 15:1127\u20131134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/GGI.12411","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"2700_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2016-0094","volume":"25","author":"JH Ansai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ansai JH, De Andrade LP, De Souza Buto MS et al (2017) Effects of the addition of a dual task to a supervised physical exercise program on older adults\u2019 cognitive performance. J Aging Phys Act 25:234\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/japa.2016-0094","journal-title":"J Aging Phys Act"},{"key":"2700_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1458-5","volume":"25","author":"J Thaiyanto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thaiyanto J, Sittichoke C, Phirom K et al (2021) Effects of multicomponent exercise on cognitive performance and fall risk in older women with mild cognitive impairment. J Nutr Health Aging 25:160\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12603-020-1458-5","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"2700_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S102126","volume":"11","author":"AC de Smolarek","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Smolarek AC, Boiko Ferreira LH, Gomes Mascarenhas LP et al (2016) The effects of strength training on cognitive performance in elderly women. Clin Interv Aging 11:749\u2013754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CIA.S102126","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"2700_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215510394222","volume":"26","author":"M Hiyamizu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hiyamizu M, Morioka S, Shomoto K et al (2012) Effects of dual task balance training on dual task performance in elderly people: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 26:58\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269215510394222","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"2700_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1111\/JGS.13481","volume":"63","author":"S Nishiguchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nishiguchi S, Yamada M, Tanigawa T et al (2015) A 12-week physical and cognitive exercise program can improve cognitive function and neural efficiency in community-dwelling older adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 63:1355\u20131363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/JGS.13481","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2700_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.3390\/JCM8070940","volume":"8","author":"H Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park H, Park JH, Na HR et al (2019) Combined intervention of physical activity, aerobic exercise, and cognitive exercise intervention to prevent cognitive decline for patients with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled clinical study. J Clin Med 8:940. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/JCM8070940","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2700_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EXGER.2021.111434","volume":"152","author":"ML Callisaya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Callisaya ML, Jayakody O, Vaidya A et al (2021) A novel cognitive-motor exercise program delivered via a tablet to improve mobility in older people with cognitive impairment\u2014standingTall Cognition and Mobility. Exp Gerontol 152:111434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EXGER.2021.111434","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"2700_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2018.11.011","volume":"42","author":"S Bae","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bae S, Lee S, Lee S et al (2019) The effect of a multicomponent intervention to promote community activity on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 42:164\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctim.2018.11.011","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"2700_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.3389\/FMED.2021.702436\/BIBTEX","volume":"8","author":"HJ Coelho-J\u00fanior","year":"2021","unstructured":"Coelho-J\u00fanior HJ, Uchida MC (2021) Effects of low-speed and high-speed resistance training programs on frailty status, physical performance, cognitive function, and blood pressure in prefrail and frail older adults. Front Med (Lausanne) 8:1115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FMED.2021.702436\/BIBTEX","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2700_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MATURITAS.2019.04.217","volume":"126","author":"SF de Oliveira","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Oliveira SF, Ferreira JV, Pl\u00e1cido J et al (2019) Three months of multimodal training contributes to mobility and executive function in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment, but not in those with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a randomized controlled trial. Maturitas 126:28\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.MATURITAS.2019.04.217","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"2700_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000476","volume":"28","author":"SG Hong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hong SG, Kim JH, Jun TW (2018) Effects of 12-week resistance exercise on electroencephalogram patterns and cognitive function in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. Clin J Sport Med 28:500\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000476","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"2700_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.06.048","volume":"22","author":"CH Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang CH, Umegaki H, Makino T et al (2021) Effect of various exercises on intrinsic capacity in older adults with subjective cognitive concerns. J Am Med Dir Assoc 22:780-786.e2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.06.048","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"2700_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2015.07.008","volume":"70","author":"E Iuliano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iuliano E, di Cagno A, Aquino G et al (2015) Effects of different types of physical activity on the cognitive functions and attention in older people: a randomized controlled study. Exp Gerontol 70:105\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2015.07.008","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"2700_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.15384\/kjhp.2014.14.1.26","volume":"14","author":"D Kang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kang D, Kim H, Yoon D et al (2014) Effects of 12 weeks high-speed elastic band training on cognitive function, physical performance and muscle strength in older women with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. Korean J Health Promot 14:26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15384\/kjhp.2014.14.1.26","journal-title":"Korean J Health Promot"},{"key":"2700_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S306894","volume":"16","author":"DR Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim DR, Song S, Kim GM et al (2021) Effects of ICT-based multicomponent program on body composition and cognitive function in older adults: a randomized controlled clinical study. Clin Interv Aging 16:1161\u20131171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CIA.S306894","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"2700_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ARCHGER.2021.104392","volume":"95","author":"CK Liang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liang CK, Lee WJ, Hwang AC et al (2021) Efficacy of multidomain intervention against physio-cognitive decline syndrome: a cluster-randomized trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 95:104392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ARCHGER.2021.104392","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"2700_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10448-x","author":"H Rosado","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rosado H, Bravo J, Raimundo A et al (2021) Effects of two 24-week multimodal exercise programs on reaction time, mobility, and dual-task performance in community-dwelling older adults at risk of falling: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-021-10448-x","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2700_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJGE.2018.01.004","volume":"12","author":"RY Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang RY, Wang YL, Cheng FY et al (2018) Effects of a multicomponent exercise on dual-task performance and executive function among older adults. Int J Gerontol 12:133\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.IJGE.2018.01.004","journal-title":"Int J Gerontol"},{"key":"2700_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00415","author":"B Wollesen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wollesen B, Mattes K, Schulz S et al (2017) Effects of dual-task management and resistance training on gait performance in older individuals: a randomized controlled trial. Front Aging Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00415","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2700_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0033-2909.112.1.155","volume":"112","author":"J Cohen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cohen J (1992) A power primer. Psychol Bull 112(1):155\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/\/0033-2909.112.1.155","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"2700_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.017","volume":"64","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist G et al (2011) GRADE guidelines: 4. Rating the quality of evidence \u2013 Study limitations (risk of bias). J Clin Epidemiol 64:407\u2013415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.017","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2700_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","author":"JPT Higgins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Altman DG, G\u00f8tzsche PC et al (2011) The Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ (Online). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.d5928","journal-title":"BMJ (Online)."},{"key":"2700_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12494","volume":"20","author":"WG Melsen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Melsen WG, Bootsma MCJ, Rovers MM et al (2014) The effects of clinical and statistical heterogeneity on the predictive values of results from meta-analyses. Clin Microbiol Infect 20:123\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1469-0691.12494","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2700_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01479-2","volume":"32","author":"GN Chaparro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chaparro GN, Sosnoff JJ, Hernandez ME (2020) Effects of aerobic fitness on cognitive motor interference during self-paced treadmill walking in older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 32:2539\u20132547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-020-01479-2","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2700_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TRCI.2019.08.007","volume":"5","author":"NL Spartano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Spartano NL, Demissie S, Himali JJ et al (2019) Accelerometer-determined physical activity and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults from two generations of the Framingham Heart Study. Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia Transl Res Clin Interv 5:618\u2013626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.TRCI.2019.08.007","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia Transl Res Clin Interv"},{"key":"2700_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2023.105113","author":"S Lv","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lv S, Wang Q, Liu W et al (2023) Comparison of various exercise interventions on cognitive function in Alzheimer\u2019s patients: a network meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archger.2023.105113","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"2700_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S229034","volume":"14","author":"M Imaoka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Imaoka M, Nakao H, Nakamura M et al (2019) Effect of multicomponent exercise and nutrition support on the cognitive function of older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Interv Aging 14:2145\u20132153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CIA.S229034","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"2700_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17113760","author":"U Sadjapong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sadjapong U, Yodkeeree S, Sungkarat S et al (2020) Multicomponent exercise program reduces frailty and inflammatory biomarkers and improves physical performance in community-dwelling older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17113760","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2700_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-020-00597-3","author":"LMJ Sanders","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sanders LMJ, Hortob\u00e1gyi T, Karssemeijer EGA et al (2020) Effects of low- And high-intensity physical exercise on physical and cognitive function in older persons with dementia: a randomized controlled trial. Alzheimers Res Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-020-00597-3","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther."},{"key":"2700_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17197233","volume":"17","author":"W Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park W, Jung WS, Hong K et al (2020) Effects of moderate combined resistance-and aerobic-exercise for 12 weeks on body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and physical functions, among obese older men: a pilot study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17197233","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2700_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.112044","author":"PJ Marcos-Pardo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marcos-Pardo PJ, Gonz\u00e1lez-G\u00e1lvez N, Carbonell-Baeza A et al (2023) GDLAM and SPPB batteries for screening sarcopenia in community-dwelling Spanish older adults: healthy-age network study. Exp Gerontol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2022.112044","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"}],"container-title":["Aging Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-024-02700-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40520-024-02700-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-024-02700-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T02:24:39Z","timestamp":1708568679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40520-024-02700-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2700"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-024-02700-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1720-8319"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1720-8319","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"47"}}