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The aim of this study was to compare biomarkers associated with poor clinical outcomes, that is, plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal-pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with HF and frailty vs. patients with HF without frailty.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>From inception until July 2023, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library a systematic literature search was conducted. To evaluate whether frailty is linked with greater levels of BNP, NT-proBNP, and CRP, a meta-analysis using a random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effects (CRD42023446607).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Fifty-three studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Patients with HF and frailty displayed significantly higher levels of BNP (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911; SMD: 0.53, 95%CI 0.30\u20130.76, I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200986%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), NT-proBNP (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200923; SMD: 0.33, 95%CI 0.25\u20130.40, I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200972%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), and CRP (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098; SMD: 0.30, 95%CI 0.12\u20130.48, I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200962%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) vs. patients with HF without frailty. Using meta-regression, body mass index (BMI) and age were deemed potential moderators of these findings.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Frailty in HF is linked to increased concentrations of BNP, NT-proBNP, and CRP, which have been epidemiologically associated with adverse outcomes. The increased risk of NYHA III\/IV classification further emphasizes the clinical impact of frailty in this population.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-024-02713-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T10:02:26Z","timestamp":1709719346000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Association between natriuretic peptides and C-reactive protein with frailty in heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Prokopidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hironori","family":"Ishiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cara","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Irlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Nabrdalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesc","family":"Formiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajiv","family":"Sankaranarayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory Y. 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