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Given the emerging role of bone as an active endocrine organ, its associations with non-invasive measures of extra-skeletal functions such as insulin sensitivity warrant investigation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study aimed to explore the relationship between the SPISE index and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in an adult population.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Data from a total of 1270 Arab adults (84% females, mean age 56.7\u2009\u00b1\u20098.1 years) from the Osteoporosis Registry Database of the Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases in King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was used in this study. T-scores and SPISE were calculated. Regression models were used to determine associations between SPISE and bone health indices.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The low BMD group (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009853; T-score &lt;-1.0) had significantly higher SPISE values than those with normal BMD (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009417; T-score \u2212\u20091.0 and above) (4.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3 vs. 4.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Multivariate linear regression, adjusted for covariates, confirmed a significant inverse association between SPISE and BMD for all participants (\u03b2=-0.22, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), as well as both groups [normal BMD (\u03b2 = -0.10, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02) and low BMD groups (\u03b2 = -0.15, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001)]. SPISE, family history of T2DM, and history of fractures collectively account for 17% of the variances perceived in T-score for all participants (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A significant inverse association between the SPISE index and BMD was observed in adults, suggesting a link between BMD and extra-skeletal health. Underlying mechanisms need to be investigated prospectively using BMD as secondary outcomes in lifestyle modification programs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-024-02789-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T04:02:03Z","timestamp":1718942523000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The single point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE) is associated with bone health in Arab adults"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Nasser M.","family":"Al-Daghri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiser","family":"Wani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malak N. 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