{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:06:57Z","timestamp":1786982817584,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003500","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Padova","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003500","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aging Clin Exp Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In recent years, the increasing life expectancy has underscored the importance of cognitive health alongside physical well-being, particularly because healthy adults may report subjective cognitive complaints (SCC), often related to memory. These complaints may or may not align with objective cognitive impairments, fueling ongoing debates about whether SCC could serve as an early indicator of dementia. While some studies suggest SCC as a potential precursor to dementia, others propose that these complaints may merely co-occur with cognitive decline. Despite the lack of consensus, addressing SCC remains crucial for early intervention, especially as emerging treatments for dementia show promise when applied at early stages. Risk factors associated with dementia, such as age, education, family history, and comorbid conditions like depression and diabetes, have been incorporated into predictive models. However, clinical practice continues to rely heavily on neuropsychological assessments to bridge subjective complaints with objective cognitive performance and may often require additional investigations, such as neuroimaging. Factors such as cognitive reserve, depression, stress, sleep disturbances, and personality traits also play significant roles in the interpretation of SCC. Some of these conditions may potentially mask underlying cognitive decline. A comprehensive clinical evaluation, integrating neuropsychological testing with a thorough anamnesis, can help distinguish between cognitive disorders and other contributing factors. Here, we propose a flowchart to guide clinicians in the management of SCC, integrating key factors to enhance diagnostic accuracy and inform treatment decisions. Despite the challenges involved, a careful and holistic approach remains essential for effective patient care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-024-02875-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T22:39:09Z","timestamp":1737412749000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Suggestions for the decision making in subjective cognitive complaints"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Basagni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Navarrete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2875_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317515592331","volume":"31","author":"MD Mendon\u00e7a","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mendon\u00e7a MD, Alves L, Bugalho P (2016) From subjective cognitive complaints to dementia: who is at risk? A systematic review. Am J Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Other Dementias 31(2):105\u2013114","journal-title":"Am J Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Other Dementias"},{"key":"2875_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2024.02.005","volume":"173","author":"N Grunden","year":"2024","unstructured":"Grunden N, Phillips NA (2024) A network approach to subjective cognitive decline: exploring multivariate relationships in neuropsychological test performance across Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk states. Cortex 173:313\u2013332","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2875_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.12.005","volume":"110","author":"A Brailean","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brailean A, Steptoe A, Batty GD, Zaninotto P, Llewellyn DJ (2019) Are subjective memory complaints indicative of objective cognitive decline or depressive symptoms? Findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. 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J Appl Lab Med 5(1):194\u2013208","journal-title":"J Appl Lab Med"},{"key":"2875_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anat\u00fcrk M, Patel R, Ebmeier KP, Georgiopoulos G, Newby D, Topiwala A, Suri S (2023) Development and validation of a dementia risk score in the UK Biobank and Whitehall II cohorts. BMJ Ment Health, 26(1)","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjment-2023-300719"},{"key":"2875_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afx166","volume":"47","author":"SG Parker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parker SG, McCue P, Phelps K et al (2017) What is comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA)? An umbrella review. Age Ageing 47:149\u2013155","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2875_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-019-01285-5","volume":"32","author":"M Devita","year":"2020","unstructured":"Devita M, Mondini S, Bordignon A, Sergi G, Girardi A, Manzato E, Coin A (2020) The importance of cognitive reserve in comprehensive geriatric assessment for dementia. Aging Clin Exp Res 32:1179\u20131181","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2875_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stern Y, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Bartr\u00e9s\u2010Faz D, Belleville S, Cantilon M, Chetelat G, Reserve (2020) Whitepaper: Defining and investigating cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement 16(9):1305\u20131311Resilience and Protective Factors PIA Empirical Definitions and Conceptual Frameworks Workgroup","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.07.219"},{"issue":"1","key":"2875_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1017\/S0959259812000172","volume":"23","author":"RE Mark","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mark RE, Sitskoorn MM (2013) Are subjective cognitive complaints relevant in preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease? A review and guidelines for healthcare professionals. Reviews Clin Gerontol 23(1):61\u201374","journal-title":"Reviews Clin Gerontol"}],"container-title":["Aging Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-024-02875-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40520-024-02875-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-024-02875-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T22:39:12Z","timestamp":1737412752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40520-024-02875-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2875"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-024-02875-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1720-8319"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1720-8319","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"27"}}