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Whether training according to physical activity guidelines accompanied with cognitive training is effective on sarcopenia, remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated whether the effects of 12-month physical and cognitive training (PTCT) and physical training (PT) on grip and knee extension strength, muscle mass, and walking speed differed between older adults with and without sarcopenia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Community-dwelling older adults (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009314, mean age 74.5\u2009\u00b1\u20093.8 years, 60% women) who did not meet physical activity guidelines were randomized to PTCT and PT groups. PT for both groups included supervised and home-based multicomponent physical training. Cognitive training (CT) included computer-based exercises for executive functioning. Sarcopenia was determined according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2019 criteria. Generalized estimation equation analysis were conducted.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared to PT, PTCT had no additive effect on strength, muscle mass, or walking speed in participants with or without sarcopenia. In pooled data (PT\u2009+\u2009PTCT) change in the grip strength was greater in sarcopenia (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200949) group compared to non-sarcopenia (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009264) group (interaction,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=.014). Both groups improved knee extension strength, and walking speed, but no statistically significant difference between the groups were observed. Muscle mass did not change in either group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Physical training according to physical activity recommendations improves muscle strength, walking speed, and maintains muscle mass in sarcopenia. Additional cognitive training had no benefits on these outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ISRCTN52388040 and date of registration 20\/1\/2017.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-025-02935-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:15:32Z","timestamp":1738800932000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of 12-month physical and cognitive training on sarcopenia determinants in older adults: a subgroup analysis of a randomised clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1260-5050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Onni Oskari","family":"H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8367-4304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiina Marketta","family":"Savikangas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9477-2356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna-Katriina","family":"Tirkkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0111-5451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markku Juhani","family":"Al\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7648-0130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arto Jorma","family":"Hautala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5934-7728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarianna","family":"Sipil\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2935_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31138-9","volume":"393","author":"AJ Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Sayer AA (2019) Sarcopenia. 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