{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:53:17Z","timestamp":1791478397749,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. 8197020550"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 8197020550"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aging Clin Exp Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence for a causal relationship between sarcopenia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the causal association between sarcopenia-related traits and OSA utilizing Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MR analyses were conducted using genetic instruments for sarcopenia-related traits, including hand grip strength, muscle mass, fat mass, water mass, and physical performance. Data from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were utilized to identify genetic variants associated with these traits. Causal associations with OSA were assessed using various MR methods, including the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger, and weighted median approaches. Pleiotropy and heterogeneity were evaluated through MR-PRESSO and other sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Low hand grip strength in individuals aged 60 years and older exhibited a positive correlation with the risk of OSA (IVW, OR\u2009=\u20091.190, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.003\u20131.413,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.047), while no significant causal effects were observed for grip strength in the left and right hands. Muscle mass, fat mass, and water mass were significantly associated with OSA, even after adjusting for multiple testing. Notably, higher levels of body fat percentage, trunk fat percentage, and limb fat percentage were strongly correlated with increased risk of OSA. Physical performance indicators such as walking pace demonstrated an inverse association with OSA, while a higher risk of OSA was observed with increased log odds of falling risk and greater frequency of falls in the last year. Additionally, a causal effect was found between long-standing illness, disability, or infirmity and OSA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This comprehensive MR analysis provides evidence of a significant causal relationship between characteristics associated with sarcopenia, including low hand grip strength, muscle mass, fat mass, and physical performance, and the risk of OSA. These findings underscore the importance of addressing sarcopenia-related factors in the management and prevention of OSA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-025-02963-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T21:50:48Z","timestamp":1741384248000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Causal associations between Sarcopenia-related traits and obstructive sleep apnea: a mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Huixian","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2963_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155533","volume":"144","author":"S Yuan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yuan S, Larsson SC (2023) Epidemiology of Sarcopenia: prevalence, risk factors, and consequences. Metab Clin Exp 144:155533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155533","journal-title":"Metab Clin Exp"},{"issue":"9990","key":"2963_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62349-7","volume":"386","author":"AA Sayer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sayer AA, Kirkwood TB (2015) Grip strength and mortality: a biomarker of ageing? Lancet (London England) 386(9990):226\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62349-7","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2963_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12477","volume":"10","author":"C Suetta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Suetta C, Haddock B, Alcazar J et al (2019) The Copenhagen Sarcopenia Study: lean mass, strength, power, and physical function in a Danish cohort aged 20\u201393 years. J cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 10(6):1316\u20131329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.12477","journal-title":"J cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"1","key":"2963_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","volume":"48","author":"AJ Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J et al (2019) Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing 48(1):16\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"8","key":"2963_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30198-5","volume":"7","author":"AV Benjafield","year":"2019","unstructured":"Benjafield AV, Ayas NT, Eastwood PR et al (2019) Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea: a literature-based analysis. Lancet Respiratory Med 7(8):687\u2013698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30198-5","journal-title":"Lancet Respiratory Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"2963_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1906527","volume":"380","author":"SC Veasey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Veasey SC, Rosen IM (2019) Obstructive sleep apnea in adults. Reply. N Engl J Med 380(15):1442\u20131449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc1906527","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2963_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70039-0","volume":"1","author":"RN Aurora","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aurora RN, Punjabi NM (2013) Obstructive sleep apnoea and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a bidirectional association. Lancet Respiratory Med 1(4):329\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70039-0","journal-title":"Lancet Respiratory Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2963_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-023-01249-8","volume":"41","author":"DR Glick","year":"2023","unstructured":"Glick DR, Abariga SA, Thomas I et al (2023) Economic impact of Insufficient and disturbed sleep in the Workplace. PharmacoEconomics 41(7):771\u2013785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40273-023-01249-8","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2963_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12445","volume":"10","author":"RD Piovezan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Piovezan RD, Hirotsu C, Moizinho R et al (2019) Associations between sleep conditions and body composition states: results of the EPISONO study. J cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 10(5):962\u2013973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.12445","journal-title":"J cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"2963_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15015","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.15","volume":"1","author":"P L\u00e9vy","year":"2015","unstructured":"L\u00e9vy P, Kohler M, McNicholas WT et al (2015) Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Nat Reviews Disease Primers 1:15015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2015.15","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Disease Primers"},{"issue":"13","key":"2963_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1506979","volume":"59","author":"G Muscogiuri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Annunziata G et al (2019) Obesity and sleep disturbance: the chicken or the egg? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 59(13):2158\u20132165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2018.1506979","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2963_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.03.029","volume":"119","author":"H Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang H (2023) Pros and cons of mendelian randomization. Fertil Steril 119(6):913\u2013916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.03.029","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2963_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2018.00051","volume":"5","author":"A Teumer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Teumer A (2018) Common methods for performing mendelian randomization. Front Cardiovasc Med 5:51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2018.00051","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2963_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13392","volume":"15","author":"S Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen S, Xu X, Gong H et al (2024) Global epidemiological features and impact of osteosarcopenia: a comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 15(1):8\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.13392","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"5","key":"2963_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1974","volume":"9","author":"L Clarke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Clarke L, Zheng-Bradley X, Smith R et al (2012) The 1000 Genomes Project: data management and community access. Nat Methods 9(5):459\u2013462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.1974","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"2963_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280210394459","volume":"21","author":"TM Palmer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Palmer TM, Lawlor DA, Harbord RM et al (2012) Using multiple genetic variants as instrumental variables for modifiable risk factors. Stat Methods Med Res 21(3):223\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0962280210394459","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2963_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080","volume":"44","author":"J Bowden","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Burgess S (2015) Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression. Int J Epidemiol 44(2):512\u2013525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyv080","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2963_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965","volume":"40","author":"J Bowden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Haycock PC et al (2016) Consistent estimation in mendelian randomization with some Invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator. Genet Epidemiol 40(4):304\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gepi.21965","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2963_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy265","volume":"47","author":"J Bowden","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bowden J, Spiller W, Del Greco MF et al (2018) Improving the visualization, interpretation and analysis of two-sample summary data mendelian randomization via the Radial plot and radial regression. Int J Epidemiol 47(6):2100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyy265","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2963_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4826-0","volume":"62","author":"CHC Yeung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yeung CHC, Au Yeung SL, Fong SSM et al (2019) Lean mass, grip strength and risk of type 2 diabetes: a bi-directional mendelian randomisation study. Diabetologia 62(5):789\u2013799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-019-4826-0","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"2963_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-024-01493-8","volume":"48","author":"X Tao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tao X, Niu R, Lu W et al (2024) Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased risk of early-onset Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity: results from NHANES 2015\u20132018. Int J Obes 48(6):891\u2013899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41366-024-01493-8","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"2963_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415743","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1415743","volume":"11","author":"K Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu K, Luo J, Chen Y et al (2024) Association between Sarcopenia and sleep disorders: a cross-sectional population based study. Front Nutr 11:1415743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2024.1415743","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"2963_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.11.003","volume":"112","author":"S Aksu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aksu S, \u00c7aman T, \u00d6zdemir \u0130 et al (2023) Lower handgrip strength in short-sleeper individuals with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med 112:352\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.11.003","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"2963_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2023.104987","volume":"110","author":"K Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee K (2023) Sleep duration, weekend catch-up sleep, and risk of obstructive sleep apnea in relation to handgrip strength. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 110:104987. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archger.2023.104987","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"2963_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcz178","volume":"112","author":"X Cao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cao X, Gu Y, Fu J et al (2019) Excessive daytime sleepiness with snoring or witnessed apnea is associated with handgrip strength: a population-based study. QJM 112(11):847\u2013853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/qjmed\/hcz178","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"1","key":"2963_CR26","first-page":"130","volume":"3","author":"JA Woods","year":"2024","unstructured":"Woods JA, Wilund KR, Martin SA et al (2024) Exercise, inflammation and aging. Aging Disease 3(1):130\u2013140 PMID: 22500274; PMCID: PMC3320801","journal-title":"Aging Disease"},{"key":"2963_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2022.06.009","volume":"164","author":"RD Piovezan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Piovezan RD, Yu S, Hirotsu C et al (2022) Associations of indicators of sleep impairment and disorders with low muscle strength in middle-aged and older adults: the HypnoLaus cohort study. Maturitas 164:52\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.maturitas.2022.06.009","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"2","key":"2963_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12649","volume":"62","author":"KL Stone","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stone KL, Blackwell TL, Ancoli-Israel S et al (2014) Sleep disturbances and risk of falls in older community-dwelling men: the outcomes of Sleep disorders in older men (MrOS sleep) study. J Am Geriatr Soc 62(2):299\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.12649","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"2963_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.09.004","volume":"14","author":"AK Helbig","year":"2013","unstructured":"Helbig AK, D\u00f6ring A, Heier M et al (2013) Association between sleep disturbances and falls among the elderly: results from the German Cooperative Health Research in the region of Augsburg-Age study. Sleep Med 14(12):1356\u20131363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.09.004","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2963_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19020874","volume":"19","author":"F Rodrigues","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rodrigues F, Domingos C, Monteiro D et al (2022) A review on aging, Sarcopenia, Falls, and Resistance Training in Community-Dwelling older adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19(2):874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19020874","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2963_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00061.2017","volume":"99","author":"L Larsson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Larsson L, Degens H, Li M et al (2019) Sarcopenia: aging-related loss of muscle Mass and function. Physiol Rev 99(1):427\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00061.2017","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2963_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.9622","volume":"18","author":"J Mehawej","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mehawej J, Saczynski JS, Kiefe CI et al (2022) Association between risk of obstructive sleep apnea and cognitive performance, frailty, and quality of life among older adults with atrial fibrillation. J Clin Sleep Medicine: JCSM: Official Publication Am Acad Sleep Med 18(2):469\u2013475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.9622","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Medicine: JCSM: Official Publication Am Acad Sleep Med"},{"key":"2963_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.035","volume":"132","author":"CM Nascimento","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nascimento CM, Ingles M, Salvador-Pascual A et al (2019) Sarcopenia, frailty and their prevention by exercise. Free Radic Biol Med 132:42\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.035","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"2963_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S320192","volume":"13","author":"K Moreno-Tamayo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moreno-Tamayo K, Manrique-Espinoza B, Guerrero-Z\u00fa\u00f1iga S et al (2021) Sex differences in the Association between Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Insomnia, and Frailty in older adults. Nat Sci Sleep 13:1461\u20131472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NSS.S320192","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"issue":"11","key":"2963_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02490.x","volume":"57","author":"KE Ensrud","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ensrud KE, Blackwell TL, Redline S et al (2009) Sleep disturbances and frailty status in older community-dwelling men. J Am Geriatr Soc 57(11):2085\u20132093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02490.x","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"2963_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/32.6.791","volume":"32","author":"TA Omachi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Omachi TA, Claman DM, Blanc PD et al (2009) Obstructive sleep apnea: a risk factor for work disability. Sleep 32(6):791\u2013798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/32.6.791","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2963_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001506","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2022-001506","volume":"10","author":"L Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li L, Umbach DM, Li Y et al (2023) Sleep apnoea and hypoventilation in patients with five major types of muscular dystrophy. BMJ Open Respir Res 10(1):e001506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjresp-2022-001506","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2963_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031430","volume":"23","author":"F Prono","year":"2022","unstructured":"Prono F, Bernardi K, Ferri R et al (2022) The role of vitamin D in Sleep disorders of children and adolescents: a systematic review. Int J Mol Sci 23(3):1430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23031430","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2963_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200807-1076OC","volume":"179","author":"S Redolfi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Redolfi S, Yumino D, Ruttanaumpawan P et al (2009) Relationship between overnight rostral fluid shift and obstructive sleep apnea in nonobese men. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 179(3):241\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200807-1076OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2963_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.245159","volume":"591","author":"LH White","year":"2013","unstructured":"White LH, Bradley TD (2013) Role of nocturnal rostral fluid shift in the pathogenesis of obstructive and central sleep apnoea. J Physiol 591(5):1179\u20131193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.245159","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2963_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1422","volume":"34","author":"CE Kline","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kline CE, Crowley EP, Ewing GB et al (2011) The effect of exercise training on obstructive sleep apnea and sleep quality: a randomized controlled trial. Sleep 34(12):1631\u20131640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5665\/sleep.1422","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"10","key":"2963_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1549856","volume":"36","author":"SV Suri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Suri SV, Batterham AM, Ells L et al (2015) Cross-sectional association between walking Pace and Sleep-disordered breathing. Int J Sports Med 36(10):843\u2013847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0035-1549856","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2963_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0062-9","volume":"14","author":"JA Batsis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Batsis JA, Villareal DT (2018) Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies. Nat Rev Endocrinol 14(9):513\u2013537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41574-018-0062-9","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"14","key":"2963_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410903352923","volume":"27","author":"J Prestes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Prestes J, Shiguemoto G, Botero JP et al (2009) Effects of resistance training on resistin, leptin, cytokines, and muscle force in elderly post-menopausal women. J Sports Sci 27(14):1607\u20131615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640410903352923","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2963_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2011.02124.x","volume":"17","author":"CK Lin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lin CK, Lin CC (2012) Work of breathing and respiratory drive in obesity. Respirol (Carlton Vic) 17(3):402\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2011.02124.x","journal-title":"Respirol (Carlton Vic)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2963_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01334-0","volume":"3","author":"YF Pei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pei YF, Liu YZ, Yang XL et al (2020) The genetic architecture of appendicular lean mass characterized by association analysis in the UK Biobank study. Commun Biology 3(1):608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-020-01334-0","journal-title":"Commun Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2963_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2005.42","volume":"13","author":"FC Hsu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hsu FC, Lenchik L, Nicklas BJ et al (2005) Heritability of body composition measured by DXA in the diabetes heart study. Obes Res 13(2):312\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/oby.2005.42","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"2963_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu M, Yu D, Pan Y et al (2024) Causal roles of Lifestyle, psychosocial characteristics, and Sleep Status in Sarcopenia: a mendelian randomization study. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. 79(1):glad191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glad191","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glad191"},{"issue":"1","key":"2963_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6550","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24750-z","volume":"8","author":"T Matsumoto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matsumoto T, Tanizawa K, Tachikawa R et al (2018) Associations of obstructive sleep apnea with truncal skeletal muscle mass and density. Sci Rep 8(1):6550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-24750-z","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"2963_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.3390\/life13051218","volume":"13","author":"WH Hsu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hsu WH, Yang CC, Tsai CY et al (2023) Association of Low Arousal Threshold Obstructive Sleep Apnea Manifestations with Body Fat and Water distribution. Life (Basel Switzerland) 13(5):1218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life13051218","journal-title":"Life (Basel Switzerland)"}],"container-title":["Aging Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-025-02963-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40520-025-02963-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-025-02963-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T09:30:48Z","timestamp":1741426248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40520-025-02963-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2963"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-025-02963-3","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4768091\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1720-8319"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1720-8319","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study used publicly available summarized data from the GWAS database. All of the studies and consortia accessed in the present study were approved by their respective ethics committee.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from each participant.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"68"}}