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The pathophysiological pathways of infection and cardiovascular disease intersect, and there is a bidirectional relationship between the two. Vaccines are available for the most common infectious diseases affecting older adults, such as influenza, pertussis, pneumococcal disease, herpes zoster, COVID and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In many countries, these vaccines are recommended systematically for older adults and any adults with comorbidities, who are also those most likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease. There is a large body of evidence attesting to the benefits of vaccination on cardio- and cerebrovascular health. The European Interdisciplinary Council for Aging (EICA) and the Italian Society for Cardiovascular Prevention (Societ\u00e0 Italiana per la Prevenzione Cardiovascolare, SIPREC) convened a 2-day meeting in June 2024 to review the state of the evidence on the relationship between cardio- and cerebrovascular health and the most common infectious diseases, and the role of vaccines in preventing both infection and its adverse consequences in terms of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes. We present here the Executive Summary of the proceedings of this meeting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-025-02968-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T22:26:16Z","timestamp":1741818376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Infectious diseases, cardio-cerebrovascular health and vaccines: pathways to prevention"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Fiona","family":"Ecarnot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jotheeswaran","family":"Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Barbagallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Barratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tor","family":"Biering-S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2773-7750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Botelho-Nevers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2742-0297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Del Riccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Goeijenbier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Gravenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Pedicino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornel","family":"Sieber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Veronese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Volpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Weinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2968_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization The top 10 causes of death. 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EBN conducts clinical vaccine trials sponsored by Sanofi Pasteur, Pfizer, MSD, Moderna, GSK, Janssen, and has participated in advisory boards for the same companies with payment of honoraria made to her institution. MDR reports having collaborated on epidemiology research projects funded by or having provided consultancy services to Sanofi, CSL Seqirus, Moderna, AstraZeneca, and MSD. MG declares an unrestricted educational grant from Moderna and consultancy fee from Pfizer and GSK. SG has received grant support from GSK, Genentech, Icosavax, Janssen\/J&J, Moderna, Pfizer, and Sanofi; served as a consultant or received honoraria for speaking from AstraZeneca, Genetech, Icosavax, Janssen\/J&J, Moderna, Novavax, Pfizer, Sanofi and Seqirus in the last two years. DP has received speaker fees from Daiichi-Sankyo and is supported by a research grant from the Italian Ministry of Health (Grant: \u2018Ricerca corrente\u2019). MV has received honoraria for speaker bureau or advisory board from GSK, Pfizer, Sanofi and Seqirus. TW has received lecture or consultancy fees from Bavarian Nordic, BioNTech, GSK, Moderna, MSD, Pfizer, Sanofi, Seqirus. No other author has any conflict of interest to declare in relation to this work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"80"}}