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We used bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the relationship between sarcopenia-related traits and cortical structure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We selected genetic variables from genome-wide association study data. Three different MR methods were used: inverse-variance weighted analysis, MR-Egger regression, and the weighted median test. For significant estimates, we further conducted Cochran\u2019s Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, leave-one-out analyses, and MR-PRESSO to assess heterogeneity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In forward MR analysis, appendicular lean mass (ALM) decreased the thickness (TH) of lateral occipital gyrus and increased the TH of pars opercularis gyrus (\u03b2 = -0.0079\u00a0mm, 95% CI: -0.0117\u00a0mm to -0.0041\u00a0mm,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001; \u03b2\u2009=\u20090.0080\u00a0mm, 95% CI: 0.0042\u00a0mm to 0.0117\u00a0mm,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). In reverse MR analysis, a significant negative correlation was found between the TH of bankssts and ALM, while positive correlations were observed between the TH of frontal pole, rostral anterior cingulate, temporal pole, and ALM. The TH of temporal pole was positively correlated with right hand grip strength (HGS-R) (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.1596\u00a0mm, 95% CI: 0.1349\u00a0mm to 0.1843\u00a0mm,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), and the TH of pars triangularis was positively correlated with left-hand grip strength (HGS-L) (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.3251\u00a0mm, 95% CI: 0.2339\u00a0mm to 0.4163\u00a0mm,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sarcopenia-related traits and cortical structure have bidirectional effects, supporting the muscle-brain axis theory. This links sarcopenia to neurocognitive diseases and provides new strategies for the prevention and intervention of both sarcopenia and cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-025-02977-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T23:09:13Z","timestamp":1740611353000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Causal association of sarcopenia-related traits with brain cortical structure: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Zhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxia","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2977_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31138-9","volume":"393","author":"AJ Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Sayer AA (2019) Sarcopenia Lancet 393:2636\u20132646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31138-9","journal-title":"Sarcopenia Lancet"},{"key":"2977_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12783","volume":"13","author":"F Petermann-Rocha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Petermann-Rocha F, Balntzi V, Gray SR et al (2022) Global prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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