{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:51:59Z","timestamp":1788274319372,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aging Clin Exp Res"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-025-03024-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T09:24:56Z","timestamp":1752139496000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Machine learning-based online web calculator predicts the risk of sarcopenic obesity in older adults"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Jiale","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qionghan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yehai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"3024_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kopelman PG (2000) Obesity as a medical problem. Nature. Apr 6.;404(6778):635\u2013\u200943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/35007508","DOI":"10.1038\/35007508"},{"key":"3024_CR2","first-page":"i","volume":"894","author":"Obesity","year":"2000","unstructured":"Obesity (2000) Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 894:i\u2013xii","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"3024_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM, Ard JD, Comuzzie AG, Donato KA et al (2014) 2013 AHA\/ACC\/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. Jul 1.;63(25 Pt B):2985\u20133023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.004"},{"issue":"4","key":"3024_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.4.899","volume":"68","author":"FX Pi-Sunyer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pi-Sunyer FX, Becker DM, Bouchard C, Carleton RA, Colditz GA, Dietz WH et al (1998) Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: executive summary. Am J Clin Nutr Oct 68(4):899\u2013917","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr Oct"},{"issue":"3","key":"3024_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz273","volume":"1","author":"Y Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Y, Beydoun MA, Min J, Xue H, Kaminsky LA, Cheskin LJ (2020) Has the prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity levelled off in the united States? Trends, patterns, disparities, and future projections for the obesity epidemic. Int J Epidemiol Jun 1(3):810\u2013823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyz273","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol Jun"},{"issue":"8","key":"3024_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2006.01.010","volume":"19","author":"SY Chuang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chuang SY, Chou P, Hsu PF, Cheng HM, Tsai ST, Lin IF et al (2006) Presence and progression of abdominal obesity are predictors of future high blood pressure and hypertension. Am J Hypertens Aug 19(8):788\u2013795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2006.01.010","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens Aug"},{"issue":"5","key":"3024_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-2402","volume":"1","author":"F Ottosson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ottosson F, Smith E, Ericson U, Brunkwall L, Orho-Melander M, Di Somma S et al (2022) Metabolome-Defined obesity and the risk of future type 2 diabetes and mortality. Diabetes Care May 1(5):1260\u20131267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc21-2402","journal-title":"Diabetes Care May"},{"issue":"9921","key":"3024_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(13)61836-x","volume":"383","author":"Y Lu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lu Y, Hajifathalian K, Ezzati M, Woodward M, Rimm EB, Danaei G (2014) Metabolic mediators of the effects of body-mass index, overweight, and obesity on coronary heart disease and stroke: a pooled analysis of 97 prospective cohorts with 1\u00b78 million participants. Lancet Mar 15 383(9921):970\u2013983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(13)61836-x","journal-title":"Lancet Mar 15"},{"issue":"16","key":"3024_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm198804213181618","volume":"21","author":"GB Forbes","year":"1988","unstructured":"Forbes GB, Prochaska E, Weitkamp LR (1988) Genetic factors in abdominal obesity, a risk factor for stroke. N Engl J Med Apr 21(16):1070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejm198804213181618","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"3024_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603703","volume":"7","author":"SC Larsson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Larsson SC, Wolk A (2007) Obesity and the risk of gallbladder cancer: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer May 7(9):1457\u20131461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603703","journal-title":"Br J Cancer May"},{"issue":"8","key":"3024_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39707","volume":"68","author":"C Reyes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reyes C, Leyland KM, Peat G, Cooper C, Arden NK, Prieto-Alhambra D (2016) Association between overweight and obesity and risk of clinically diagnosed knee, hip, and hand osteoarthritis: A Population-Based cohort study. Arthritis Rheumatol Aug 68(8):1869\u20131875. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.39707","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol Aug"},{"key":"3024_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Iqbal J, Wu HX, Nawaz MA, Jiang HL, Xu SN, Huang BL et al (2023) Risk of incident chronic kidney disease in metabolically healthy obesity and metabolically unhealthy normal weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev Oct 30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.13656","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13656"},{"key":"3024_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197730","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1197730","volume":"14","author":"W Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang W, Yang Y, Guo Y, Guo J, Ma M, Han B (2023) Obesity and risk for respiratory diseases: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 14:1197730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1197730","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"3024_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Daniels JP, Freedland SJ, Gresham G (2023) The growing implications of obesity for prostate cancer risk and mortality: where do we go from here? J Natl Cancer Inst Aug 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djad140","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djad140"},{"issue":"1","key":"3024_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","volume":"1","author":"AJ Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruy\u00e8re O, Cederholm T et al (2019) Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing Jan 1(1):16\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","journal-title":"Age Ageing Jan"},{"issue":"1","key":"3024_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy106","volume":"1","author":"AJ Mayhew","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mayhew AJ, Amog K, Phillips S, Parise G, McNicholas PD, de Souza RJ et al (2019) The prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults, an exploration of differences between studies and within definitions: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Age Ageing Jan 1(1):48\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afy106","journal-title":"Age Ageing Jan"},{"issue":"4","key":"3024_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13275","volume":"14","author":"C Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang C, Guo X, Xu X, Liang S, Wang W, Zhu F et al (2023) Association between sarcopenia and frailty in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle Aug 14(4):1855\u20131864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.13275","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle Aug"},{"issue":"10","key":"3024_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.07.007","volume":"24","author":"K Wakaba","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wakaba K, Osuka Y, Kojima N, Sasai H (2023) Predictive capability of 5 sarcopenia diagnostic criteria for fall incidents in older Japanese women: the Otassha study. J Am Med Dir Assoc Oct 24(10):1549\u20131554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.07.007","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc Oct"},{"issue":"10","key":"3024_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4884","volume":"38","author":"C Jauffret","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jauffret C, P\u00e9richon R, Lamer A, Cortet B, Chazard E, Paccou J (2023) Association between sarcopenia and fracture risk in a population from the UK biobank database. J Bone Min Res Oct 38(10):1422\u20131434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.4884","journal-title":"J Bone Min Res Oct"},{"issue":"6","key":"3024_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13081","volume":"13","author":"Y Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu Y, Peng W, Ren R, Wang Y, Wang G (2022) Sarcopenia and mild cognitive impairment among elderly adults: the first longitudinal evidence from CHARLS. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle Dec 13(6):2944\u20132952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.13081","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle Dec"},{"issue":"1","key":"3024_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13160","volume":"14","author":"LD Westbury","year":"2023","unstructured":"Westbury LD, Beaudart C, Bruy\u00e8re O, Cauley JA, Cawthon P, Cruz-Jentoft AJ et al (2023) Recent sarcopenia definitions-prevalence, agreement and mortality associations among men: findings from population-based cohorts. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle Feb 14(1):565\u2013575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.13160","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle Feb"},{"issue":"1","key":"3024_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13126","volume":"14","author":"P Fang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fang P, Zhou J, Xiao X, Yang Y, Luan S, Liang Z et al (2023) The prognostic value of sarcopenia in oesophageal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle Feb 14(1):3\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.13126","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle Feb"},{"issue":"1","key":"3024_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-022-00440-0","volume":"25","author":"TR Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang TR, Luo K, Deng X, Xu L, Wang RR, Ji P (2022) Effect of sarcopenia in predicting postoperative mortality in emergency laparotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Emerg Surg Jun 25(1):36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13017-022-00440-0","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg Jun"},{"issue":"3","key":"3024_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1159\/000521241","volume":"15","author":"LM Donini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Donini LM, Busetto L, Bischoff SC, Cederholm T, Ballesteros-Pomar MD, Batsis JA et al (2022) Definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity: ESPEN and EASO consensus statement. Obes Facts 15(3):321\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000521241","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"issue":"1","key":"3024_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12878","volume":"13","author":"L Dowling","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dowling L, Duseja A, Vilaca T, Walsh JS, Goljanek-Whysall K (2022) MicroRNAs in obesity, sarcopenia, and commonalities for sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle Feb 13(1):68\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.12878","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle Feb"},{"issue":"4","key":"3024_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1332-5","volume":"24","author":"X Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu X, Hao Q, Yue J, Hou L, Xia X, Zhao W et al (2020) Sarcopenia, obesity and sarcopenia obesity in comparison: prevalence, metabolic profile, and key differences: results from WCHAT study. J Nutr Health Aging 24(4):429\u2013437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12603-020-1332-5","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"issue":"11","key":"3024_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.09.005","volume":"41","author":"S Ozkok","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ozkok S, Aydin CO, Sacar DE, Catikkas NM, Erdogan T, Bozkurt ME et al (2022) Sarcopenic obesity versus sarcopenia alone with the use of probable sarcopenia definition for sarcopenia: associations with frailty and physical performance. Clin Nutr Nov 41(11):2509\u20132516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.09.005","journal-title":"Clin Nutr Nov"},{"issue":"12","key":"3024_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15613","volume":"66","author":"S Follis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Follis S, Cook A, Bea JW, Going SB, Laddu D, Cauley JA et al (2018) Association between sarcopenic obesity and falls in a multiethnic cohort of postmenopausal women. J Am Geriatr Soc Dec 66(12):2314\u20132320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.15613","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc Dec"},{"issue":"8","key":"3024_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.03.008","volume":"24","author":"M Morikawa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morikawa M, Lee S, Makino K, Harada K, Katayama O, Tomida K et al (2023) Sarcopenic obesity and risk of disability in Community-Dwelling Japanese older adults: A 5-Year longitudinal study. J Am Med Dir Assoc Aug 24(8):1179\u20131184e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.03.008","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc Aug"},{"issue":"5","key":"3024_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13187","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13187","volume":"22","author":"A Gandham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gandham A, Mesinovic J, Jansons P, Zengin A, Bonham MP, Ebeling PR et al (2021) Falls, fractures, and areal bone mineral density in older adults with sarcopenic obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev May 22(5):e13187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.13187","journal-title":"Obes Rev May"},{"key":"3024_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.007","volume":"97","author":"MH Jung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jung MH, Ihm SH, Park SM, Jung HO, Hong KS, Baek SH et al (2019) Effects of sarcopenia, body mass indices, and sarcopenic obesity on diastolic function and exercise capacity in Koreans. Metabolism Aug 97:18\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.007","journal-title":"Metabolism Aug"},{"issue":"11","key":"3024_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.006","volume":"39","author":"F Petermann-Rocha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Petermann-Rocha F, Yang S, Gray SR, Pell JP, Celis-Morales C, Ho FK (2020) Sarcopenic obesity and its association with respiratory disease incidence and mortality. Clin Nutr Nov 39(11):3461\u20133466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.006","journal-title":"Clin Nutr Nov"},{"key":"3024_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01249","volume":"9","author":"YM Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim YM, Kim JH, Baik SJ, Chun J, Youn YH, Park H (2019) Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity as novel risk factors for gastric carcinogenesis: A health checkup cohort study. Front Oncol 9:1249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2019.01249","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3024_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.06.009","volume":"40","author":"Q Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao Q, Mei F, Shang Y, Hu K, Chen F, Zhao L et al (2021) Global prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr Jul 40(7):4633\u20134641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.06.009","journal-title":"Clin Nutr Jul"},{"key":"3024_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"World Population Prospects (Dec 2010) The 2008 revision, highlights. Population and development review. 36(4):854\u2013855. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1728-4457.2010.00368.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4457.2010.00368.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"3024_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12822","volume":"284","author":"GS Handelman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Handelman GS, Kok HK, Chandra RV, Razavi AH, Lee MJ, Asadi H (2018) eDoctor: machine learning and the future of medicine. J Intern Med Dec 284(6):603\u2013619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joim.12822","journal-title":"J Intern Med Dec"},{"issue":"20","key":"3024_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.115.001593","volume":"17","author":"RC Deo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Deo RC (2015) Machine learning in medicine. Circulation Nov 17(20):1920\u20131930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.115.001593","journal-title":"Circulation Nov"},{"issue":"1","key":"3024_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0316-z","volume":"25","author":"A Esteva","year":"2019","unstructured":"Esteva A, Robicquet A, Ramsundar B, Kuleshov V, DePristo M, Chou K et al (2019) A guide to deep learning in healthcare. Nat Med Jan 25(1):24\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-018-0316-z","journal-title":"Nat Med Jan"},{"key":"3024_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Studenski SA, Peters KW, Alley DE, Cawthon PM, McLean RR, Harris TB et al (2014) The FNIH sarcopenia project: rationale, study description, conference recommendations, and final estimates. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. May;69(5):547\u2013\u200958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glu010","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu010"},{"issue":"7017","key":"3024_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7017.1401","volume":"25","author":"TS Han","year":"1995","unstructured":"Han TS, van Leer EM, Seidell JC, Lean ME (1995) Waist circumference action levels in the identification of cardiovascular risk factors: prevalence study in a random sample. Bmj Nov 25(7017):1401\u20131405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.311.7017.1401","journal-title":"Bmj Nov"},{"issue":"11","key":"3024_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3178","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2000)081","volume":"81","author":"G De\u2019ath","year":"2000","unstructured":"De\u2019ath G, Fabricius KE (2000) Classification and regression trees: A powerful yet simple technique for ecological data analysis. Article Ecol Nov 81(11):3178\u20133192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1890\/0012-9658(2000)081[3178:Cartap]2.0.Co;2","journal-title":"Article Ecol Nov"},{"issue":"2268","key":"3024_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20230004","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2023.0004","volume":"18","author":"A Brandenburger","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brandenburger A, Contreras-Tejada P, La Mura P, Scarpa G, Steverson K (2024) Agreement and disagreement in a non-classical world. Philos Trans Math Phys Eng Sci Mar 18(2268):20230004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsta.2023.0004","journal-title":"Philos Trans Math Phys Eng Sci Mar"},{"issue":"4","key":"3024_CR43","first-page":"327","volume":"6","author":"SA Dudani","year":"1976","unstructured":"Dudani SA, DISTANCE-WEIGHTED K-NEAREST-NEIGHBOR, RULE (1976) Ieee Trans Syst Man Cybernetics 6(4):327\u2013327","journal-title":"Ieee Trans Syst Man Cybernetics"},{"key":"3024_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen TQ, Guestrin C, Assoc Comp M, XGBoost (2016) Scalable Tree Boosting Syst.:785\u2013794","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939785"},{"issue":"6","key":"3024_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989x06295361","volume":"26","author":"AJ Vickers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vickers AJ, Elkin EB (2006) Decision curve analysis: a novel method for evaluating prediction models. Med Decis Mak Nov-Dec 26(6):565\u2013574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0272989x06295361","journal-title":"Med Decis Mak Nov-Dec"},{"issue":"7","key":"3024_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2012.27.7.748","volume":"27","author":"B Hwang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hwang B, Lim JY, Lee J, Choi NK, Ahn YO, Park BJ (2012) Prevalence rate and associated factors of sarcopenic obesity in Korean elderly population. J Korean Med Sci Jul 27(7):748\u2013755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2012.27.7.748","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci Jul"},{"issue":"9","key":"3024_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-023-1975-0","volume":"27","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang X, Jiang J, Hu W, Hu Y, Qin LQ, Hao Y et al (2023) Dynapenic abdominal obesity and risk of heart disease among Middle-Aged and older adults: A prospective cohort study. J Nutr Health Aging 27(9):752\u2013758. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12603-023-1975-0","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"3024_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.01.002","volume":"39","author":"X Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang X, Huang P, Dou Q, Wang C, Zhang W, Yang Y et al (2020) Falls among older adults with sarcopenia dwelling in nursing home or community: A meta-analysis. Clin Nutr Jan 39(1):33\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.01.002","journal-title":"Clin Nutr Jan"},{"issue":"2","key":"3024_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1474-5","volume":"25","author":"P Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang P, Luo K, Xu J, Huang W, Yin W, Xiao M et al (2021) Sarcopenia as a risk factor for future hip fracture: A Meta-Analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Nutr Health Aging 25(2):183\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12603-020-1474-5","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"issue":"9","key":"3024_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0062-9","volume":"14","author":"JA Batsis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Batsis JA, Villareal DT (2018) Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies. Nat Rev Endocrinol Sep 14(9):513\u2013537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41574-018-0062-9","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol Sep"},{"issue":"2","key":"3024_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.2.475","volume":"80","author":"VA Hughes","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hughes VA, Roubenoff R, Wood M, Frontera WR, Evans WJ, Fiatarone Singh MA (2004) Anthropometric assessment of 10-y changes in body composition in the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr Aug 80(2):475\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/80.2.475","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr Aug"},{"issue":"7","key":"3024_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-012-0053-9","volume":"16","author":"R Dodds","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dodds R, Denison HJ, Ntani G, Cooper R, Cooper C, Sayer AA et al (2012) Birth weight and muscle strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr Health Aging Jul 16(7):609\u2013615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12603-012-0053-9","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging Jul"},{"issue":"8","key":"3024_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601198","volume":"55","author":"UG Kyle","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kyle UG, Genton L, Hans D, Karsegard L, Slosman DO, Pichard C (2001) Age-related differences in fat-free mass, skeletal muscle, body cell mass and fat mass between 18 and 94 years. Eur J Clin Nutr Aug 55(8):663\u2013672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601198","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr Aug"},{"issue":"4","key":"3024_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1656","volume":"56","author":"L Fontana","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fontana L, Eagon JC, Trujillo ME, Scherer PE, Klein S (2007) Visceral fat adipokine secretion is associated with systemic inflammation in obese humans. Diabetes Apr 56(4):1010\u20131013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db06-1656","journal-title":"Diabetes Apr"},{"issue":"5","key":"3024_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201607052","volume":"9","author":"JF Ma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ma JF, Sanchez BJ, Hall DT, Tremblay AK, Di Marco S, Gallouzi IE (2017) STAT3 promotes IFN\u03b3\/TNF\u03b1-induced muscle wasting in an NF-\u03baB-dependent and IL-6-independent manner. EMBO Mol Med May 9(5):622\u2013637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/emmm.201607052","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med May"},{"key":"3024_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.09.008","volume":"35","author":"A Kalinkovich","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kalinkovich A, Livshits G (2017) Sarcopenic obesity or obese sarcopenia: A cross talk between age-associated adipose tissue and skeletal muscle inflammation as a main mechanism of the pathogenesis. Ageing Res Rev May 35:200\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2016.09.008","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev May"},{"issue":"12","key":"3024_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2004.250","volume":"12","author":"RN Baumgartner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Baumgartner RN, Wayne SJ, Waters DL, Janssen I, Gallagher D, Morley JE (2004) Sarcopenic obesity predicts instrumental activities of daily living disability in the elderly. Obes Res Dec 12(12):1995\u20132004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/oby.2004.250","journal-title":"Obes Res Dec"},{"issue":"9","key":"3024_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2014.117","volume":"68","author":"JA Batsis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Batsis JA, Mackenzie TA, Barre LK, Lopez-Jimenez F, Bartels SJ (2014) Sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity and mortality in older adults: results from the National health and nutrition examination survey III. Eur J Clin Nutr Sep 68(9):1001\u20131007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ejcn.2014.117","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr Sep"},{"issue":"5","key":"3024_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.5.1339","volume":"86","author":"SG Wannamethee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Lennon L, Whincup PH (2007) Decreased muscle mass and increased central adiposity are independently related to mortality in older men. Am J Clin Nutr Nov 86(5):1339\u20131346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/86.5.1339","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr Nov"},{"key":"3024_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mo YH, Yang C, Su YD, Dong X, Deng WY, Liu BB et al (2022) Prevalence and diagnostic agreement of sarcopenic obesity with different definitions among Chinese community-dwelling older adults. Age Ageing Jan 6(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afab272","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afab272"}],"container-title":["Aging Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-025-03024-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40520-025-03024-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-025-03024-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T01:55:35Z","timestamp":1757210135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40520-025-03024-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-025-03024-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1720-8319"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1720-8319","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The data analyzed in this study were obtained from the NHANES public database, and the protocols used in NHANES were approved by the National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board, eliminating the need for additional ethical review by the investigator-affiliated institutions of this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"210"}}