{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T19:19:22Z","timestamp":1778786362595,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","award":["ZR2022LZY003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022LZY003"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82074453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82074453"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021CXGC010501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021CXGC010501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aging Clin Exp Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the correlation between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), body mass index (BMI), and sarcopenia in the older adults in China, and to analyze the predictive ability of AIP and BMI for sarcopenia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study utilized data from the 2011\u20132015 CHARLS database (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHARLS), focusing on participants aged 60 years and older. The cross-sectional analysis included 7,744 samples, with 2,398 in the sarcopenia group and 5,346 in the non-sarcopenia group. In the retrospective cohort study, 1,441 participants without sarcopenia at baseline were selected and followed for the development of sarcopenia. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to analyze the association between AIP, BMI, and sarcopenia risk. A restricted cubic spline regression model was used to evaluate the dose-response association, and ROC curve analysis was performed to assess the predictive ability of individual and combined indicators (AIP and BMI). Additionally, subgroup analysis was conducted to explore the association between AIP, BMI, and sarcopenia risk across different demographic groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The cross-sectional analysis demonstrated that sarcopenia was significantly associated with various factors, including age, marital status, education level, residence, smoking, BMI, uric acid (UA), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), AIP, as well as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and heart disease (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounders, revealed that the low AIP group was significantly associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia (OR\u2009=\u20091.22, 95% CI 1.03\u20131.44,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02), while no significant difference was observed in the high AIP group (OR\u2009=\u20090.83, 95% CI 0.69\u20131.01,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.07). In the retrospective cohort study, the low AIP group showed a positive association with sarcopenia risk (OR\u2009=\u20091.79, 95% CI 1.18\u20132.72,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01), and a similar trend was observed in the high AIP group (OR\u2009=\u20091.69, 95% CI 1.03\u20132.77,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04). BMI was inversely associated with sarcopenia incidence, consistent with the cross-sectional findings. Both AIP and BMI showed a nonlinear dose-response relationship with sarcopenia risk, with AIP approximating a U-shaped curve and BMI approximating an L-shaped curve. Subgroup analysis indicated that, in the 65\u201369 age group, low AIP levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia. In participants aged 70 and above, as well as in females, both low and high AIP levels were significantly associated with higher incidence risk. ROC curve analysis showed that the combined use of AIP and BMI for predicting sarcopenia had an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.8913, which was moderately better than the use of AIP (0.6499) or BMI (0.8888) alone.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The changes in AIP and BMI are associated with the risk of sarcopenia, and both provide some predictive value for sarcopenia. Taken together, the combined prediction using AIP and BMI appears to be somewhat more effective than using either indicator alone in assessing the risk of sarcopenia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-025-03029-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T01:40:47Z","timestamp":1743990047000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association between atherogenic index of plasma, body mass index, and sarcopenia: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis study based on older adults in China"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6224-9317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bowen","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiacheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuezhen","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingtao","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haifeng","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiahao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4587-6650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"3029_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Sayer AA (2019) Sarcopenia. Lancet 393(10191):2636\u20132646","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31138-9"},{"issue":"3","key":"3029_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012","volume":"21","author":"LK Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Chou MY, Iijima K, Jang HC, Kang L, Kim M, Kim S et al (2020) Asian working group for sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc 21(3):300\u2013307e302","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"3029_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz046","volume":"48","author":"AJ Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruy\u00e8re O, Cederholm T, Cooper C, Landi F, Rolland Y, Sayer AA et al (2019) Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing 48(4):601","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"3029_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2017.09.008","volume":"105","author":"E Marty","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marty E, Liu Y, Samuel A, Or O, Lane J (2017) A review of sarcopenia: enhancing awareness of an increasingly prevalent disease. Bone 105:276\u2013286","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"4","key":"3029_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-008-9131-0","volume":"9","author":"JG Ryall","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ryall JG, Schertzer JD, Lynch GS (2008) Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying age-related skeletal muscle wasting and weakness. Biogerontology 9(4):213\u2013228","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"3029_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2019.03.008","volume":"123","author":"GD Mishra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mishra GD, Chung HF, Cano A, Chedraui P, Goulis DG, Lopes P, Mueck A, Rees M, Senturk LM, Simoncini T et al (2019) EMAS position statement: predictors of premature and early natural menopause. Maturitas 123:82\u201388","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"2","key":"3029_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1746-6","volume":"63","author":"P Anagnostis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anagnostis P, Siolos P, Gkekas NK, Kosmidou N, Artzouchaltzi AM, Christou K, Paschou SA, Potoupnis M, Kenanidis E, Tsiridis E et al (2019) Association between age at menopause and fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine 63(2):213\u2013224","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"3029_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2016.04.016","volume":"66","author":"R Hashemi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hashemi R, Shafiee G, Motlagh AD, Pasalar P, Esmailzadeh A, Siassi F, Larijani B, Heshmat R (2016) Sarcopenia and its associated factors in Iranian older individuals: results of SARIR study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 66:18\u201322","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"3029_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monteiro R, Azevedo I (2010) Chronic inflammation in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2010","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/289645"},{"issue":"1","key":"3029_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32834dd297","volume":"15","author":"I Beyer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beyer I, Mets T, Bautmans I (2012) Chronic low-grade inflammation and age-related sarcopenia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 15(1):12\u201322","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"3029_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2020.405","volume":"35","author":"T Dao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dao T, Green AE, Kim YA, Bae SJ, Ha KT, Gariani K, Lee MR, Menzies KJ, Ryu D (2020) Sarcopenia and muscle aging: A brief overview. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 35(4):716\u2013732","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)"},{"key":"3029_CR12","volume-title":"The main data of the seventh National census in 2020","author":"State Council\u2019s Office of the Seventh National Census Leading Group","year":"2021","unstructured":"State Council\u2019s Office of the Seventh National Census Leading Group (2021) The main data of the seventh National census in 2020. China Statistics, Beijing"},{"key":"3029_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101264","volume":"44","author":"K Gao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao K, Cao LF, Ma WZ, Gao YJ, Luo MS, Zhu J, Li T, Zhou D (2022) Association between sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease among middle-aged and older adults: findings from the China health and retirement longitudinal study. EClinicalMedicine 44:101264","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"3029_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02198-y","volume":"23","author":"M Rabiee Rad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rabiee Rad M, Ghasempour Dabaghi G, Darouei B, Amani-Beni R (2024) The association of atherogenic index of plasma with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol 23(1):119","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"3029_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim JJ, Yoon J, Lee YJ, Park B, Jung DH (2021) Predictive value of the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) for the risk of incident ischemic heart disease among non-diabetic koreans. Nutrients 13(9)","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093231"},{"issue":"1","key":"3029_CR16","first-page":"22","volume":"34","author":"A Kammar-Garc\u00eda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kammar-Garc\u00eda A, L\u00f3pez-Moreno P, Hern\u00e1ndez-Hern\u00e1ndez ME, Ort\u00edz-Bueno AM, Mart\u00ednez-Monta\u00f1o MLC (2020) Atherogenic index of plasma as a marker of cardiovascular risk factors in Mexicans aged 18 to 22 years. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 34(1):22\u201327","journal-title":"Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3029_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9900","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89307-z","volume":"11","author":"YW Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li YW, Kao TW, Chang PK, Chen WL, Wu LW (2021) Atherogenic index of plasma as predictors for metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Taiwan citizens: a 9-year longitudinal study. Sci Rep 11(1):9900","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"3029_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23450","volume":"43","author":"KB Won","year":"2020","unstructured":"Won KB, Jang MH, Park EJ, Park HB, Heo R, Han D, Chang HJ (2020) Atherogenic index of plasma and the risk of advanced subclinical coronary artery disease beyond traditional risk factors: an observational cohort study. Clin Cardiol 43(12):1398\u20131404","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"3029_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin HR, Song S, Cho JA, Ly SY (2022) Atherogenic index of plasma and its association with risk factors of coronary artery disease and nutrient intake in Korean adult men: the 2013\u20132014 KNHANES. Nutrients 14(5)","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14051071"},{"issue":"3","key":"3029_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P011668","volume":"52","author":"M Dobi\u00e1sov\u00e1","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dobi\u00e1sov\u00e1 M, Frohlich J, Sedov\u00e1 M, Cheung MC, Brown BG (2011) Cholesterol esterification and atherogenic index of plasma correlate with lipoprotein size and findings on coronary angiography. J Lipid Res 52(3):566\u2013571","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3029_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-018-0686-8","volume":"17","author":"X Zhu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhu X, Yu L, Zhou H, Ma Q, Zhou X, Lei T, Hu J, Xu W, Yi N, Lei S (2018) Atherogenic index of plasma is a novel and better biomarker associated with obesity: a population-based cross-sectional study in China. Lipids Health Dis 17(1):37","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"3029_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.110581","volume":"69","author":"SM Schneider","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schneider SM, Correia M (2020) Epidemiology of weight loss, malnutrition and sarcopenia: A transatlantic view. Nutrition 69:110581","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"3029_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2014.01.008","volume":"136\u2013137","author":"Y Boirie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boirie Y, Morio B, Caumon E, Cano NJ (2014) Nutrition and protein energy homeostasis in elderly. Mech Ageing Dev 136\u2013137:76\u201384","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"3029_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-024-02070-8","volume":"23","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, Yao J, Xue X, Lv Y, Guo S, Wei P (2024) Triglyceride-glucose index in the prediction of new-onset arthritis in the general population aged over 45: the first longitudinal evidence from CHARLS. Lipids Health Dis 23(1):79","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3029_CR25","first-page":"64","volume":"52","author":"M Dobi\u00e1sov\u00e1","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dobi\u00e1sov\u00e1 M (2006) [AIP\u2013atherogenic index of plasma as a significant predictor of cardiovascular risk: from research to practice]. Vnitr Lek 52(1):64\u201371","journal-title":"Vnitr Lek"},{"key":"3029_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lioy B, Webb RJ, Amirabdollahian F (2023) The association between the atherogenic index of plasma and cardiometabolic risk factors: A review. Healthc (Basel) 11(7)","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11070966"},{"issue":"9403","key":"3029_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15268-3","volume":"363","author":"Appropriate body-mass","year":"2004","unstructured":"Appropriate body-mass (2004) Index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet 363(9403):157\u2013163","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"3029_CR28","first-page":"551","volume":"20","author":"X Wen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wen X, Wang M, Jiang CM, Zhang YM (2011) Anthropometric equation for estimation of appendicular skeletal muscle mass in Chinese adults. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 20(4):551\u2013556","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"3029_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0247617","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247617","volume":"16","author":"X Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu X, Li X, Xu M, Zhang Z, He L, Li Y (2021) Sarcopenia prevalence and associated factors among older Chinese population: findings from the China health and retirement longitudinal study. PLoS ONE 16(3):e0247617","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3029_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360874","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1360874","volume":"15","author":"L Jiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang L, Li L, Xu Z, Tang Y, Zhai Y, Fu X, Liu D, Wu Q (2024) Non-linear associations of atherogenic index of plasma with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus among Chinese adults aged 45 years and above: a cross-sectional study from CHARLS. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 15:1360874","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"12","key":"3029_CR31","first-page":"1341","volume":"14","author":"LY Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song LY, Hu YM, Xu YC (2022) Reconsideration of insulin resistance. Zhonghua Diabetes J 14(12):1341\u20131347","journal-title":"Zhonghua Diabetes J"},{"issue":"7","key":"3029_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03472.x","volume":"59","author":"CG Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee CG, Boyko EJ, Strotmeyer ES, Lewis CE, Cawthon PM, Hoffman AR, Everson-Rose SA, Barrett-Connor E, Orwoll ES (2011) Association between insulin resistance and lean mass loss and fat mass gain in older men without diabetes mellitus. J Am Geriatr Soc 59(7):1217\u20131224","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"3029_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13014","volume":"10","author":"H Mori","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mori H, Kuroda A, Ishizu M, Ohishi M, Takashi Y, Otsuka Y, Taniguchi S, Tamaki M, Kurahashi K, Yoshida S et al (2019) Association of accumulated advanced glycation end-products with a high prevalence of sarcopenia and dynapenia in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 10(5):1332\u20131340","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"issue":"9","key":"3029_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14462","volume":"22","author":"T Wannarong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wannarong T, Sukpornchairak P, Naweera W, Geiger CD, Ungprasert P (2022) Association between diabetic peripheral neuropathy and sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 22(9):785\u2013789","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"3029_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0135255","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135255","volume":"10","author":"N Toosizadeh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Toosizadeh N, Mohler J, Armstrong DG, Talal TK, Najafi B (2015) The influence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy on local postural muscle and central sensory feedback balance control. PLoS ONE 10(8):e0135255","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"3029_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-022-01732-9","volume":"21","author":"M Mahdavi-Roshan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mahdavi-Roshan M, Mozafarihashjin M, Shoaibinobarian N, Ghorbani Z, Salari A, Savarrakhsh A, Hekmatdoost A (2022) Evaluating the use of novel atherogenicity indices and insulin resistance surrogate markers in predicting the risk of coronary artery disease: a case\u2013control investigation with comparison to traditional biomarkers. Lipids Health Dis 21(1):126","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"issue":"20","key":"3029_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.064071","volume":"147","author":"AA Damluji","year":"2023","unstructured":"Damluji AA, Alfaraidhy M, AlHajri N, Rohant NN, Kumar M, Al Malouf C, Bahrainy S, Ji Kwak M, Batchelor WB, Forman DE et al (2023) Sarcopenia and cardiovascular diseases. Circulation 147(20):1534\u20131553","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"3029_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang J, Hang T, Cheng XM, Li DM, Zhang QG, Wang LJ, Peng YP, Gong JB (2015) Associations of C1q\/TNF-related protein-9 levels in serum and epicardial adipose tissue with coronary atherosclerosis in humans. Biomed Res Int 2015:971683","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/971683"},{"issue":"1","key":"3029_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.08.030","volume":"78","author":"F \u00c5berg","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u00c5berg F, Byrne CD, Pirola CJ, M\u00e4nnist\u00f6 V, Sookoian S (2023) Alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome: clinical and epidemiological impact on liver disease. J Hepatol 78(1):191\u2013206","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3029_CR40","first-page":"879","volume":"45","author":"ZM Lu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lu ZM, Shan GL (2024) Research progress on sarcopenia and cardiovascular metabolic diseases in the older adults. Zhonghua Epidemiol 45(6):879\u2013885","journal-title":"Zhonghua Epidemiol"},{"key":"3029_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang JS, Yeh WC, Tsai YW, Chen JY (2022) The relationship between atherogenic index of plasma and obesity among adults in Taiwan. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19(22)","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192214864"},{"key":"3029_CR42","first-page":"240","volume":"29","author":"S Niroumand","year":"2015","unstructured":"Niroumand S, Khajedaluee M, Khadem-Rezaiyan M, Abrishami M, Juya M, Khodaee G, Dadgarmoghaddam M (2015) Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP): A marker of cardiovascular disease. Med J Islam Repub Iran 29:240","journal-title":"Med J Islam Repub Iran"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3029_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12220","volume":"14","author":"R Yu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yu R, Wong M, Leung J, Lee J, Auyeung TW, Woo J (2014) Incidence, reversibility, risk factors and the protective effect of high body mass index against sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Chinese adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 14(Suppl 1):15\u201328","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"3029_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han P, Zhao J, Guo Q, Wang J, Zhang W, Shen S, Wang X, Dong R, Ma Y, Kang L et al (2016) Incidence, risk factors, and the protective effect of high body mass index against sarcopenia in suburb-dwelling elderly Chinese populations. J Nutr Health Aging 20(10):1056\u20131060","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-016-0704-3"},{"key":"3029_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2023.05.008","volume":"115","author":"J Bajerska","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bajerska J, Skoczek-Rubi\u0144ska A, Ma\u0142czak L, Vucic V, Arsic A, Kojadinovic M, Ristic-Medic D (2023) Plasma fatty acid composition and some markers of dietary habits are associated with cardiovascular disease risk determined by an atherogenic plasma index in postmenopausal women. Nutr Res 115:47\u201360","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3029_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17538","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-44704-4","volume":"13","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Xu B, Zhang K, Zhu W, Lian X, Xu Y, Chen Z, Liu L, Guo Z (2023) The association of lipid metabolism and sarcopenia among older patients: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 13(1):17538","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"3029_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.07.011","volume":"61","author":"S Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang S, Ren J (2018) Obesity paradox in aging: from prevalence to pathophysiology. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 61(2):182\u2013189","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"}],"container-title":["Aging Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-025-03029-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40520-025-03029-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-025-03029-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T01:42:25Z","timestamp":1743990145000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40520-025-03029-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-025-03029-0","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4875214\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1720-8319"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1720-8319","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study analysis was performed on fully anonymized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All participating authors give their consent for this work to be published.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"122"}}