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Eligible RCTs examined the effects of exercise compared to control in adults\u2009&gt;\u200918 years. A narrative synthesis was employed with a registered protocol at CRD42024511531.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Nineteen RCTs were included in the systematic review. Resistance and aerobic exercise alongside a hypocaloric diet displayed inconsistent results in reducing thigh InterMAT. Under non-hypocaloric conditions there were consistently no alterations of InterMAT and IntraMAT irrespective of muscle tissue. When concurrent exercise was followed, no statistically significant changes were observed with or without a hypocaloric diet on thigh InterMAT and IntraMAT. Results were overall lacking in regards to resistance or aerobic exercise and IntraMAT due to the low number of studies.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>There is potential in reducing thigh InterMAT following resistance or aerobic exercise combined with a hypocaloric diet, although inconsistencies among studies were presented. However, irrespective of exercise type, under non-hypocaloric conditions no benefits were conferred on InterMAT and IntraMAT of any muscle tissue. Further research is warranted to determine the effects of different exercise intensities employing an adequate dietary and hypocaloric control on skeletal muscle InterMAT and particularly IntraMAT.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-025-03097-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T16:24:20Z","timestamp":1749486260000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of exercise with or without a hypocaloric diet on intermuscular and intramuscular fat: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6264-9388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Prokopidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa N.","family":"Varanoske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Veronese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos Katsikas","family":"Triantafyllidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoforos D.","family":"Giannaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pinelopi S.","family":"Stavrinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David D.","family":"Church","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"3097_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edwards JJ, Griffiths M, Deenmamode AH, O\u2019Driscoll JM (2023) High-Intensity interval training and cardiometabolic health in the general population: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis of randomised controlled trials. 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