{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T17:05:30Z","timestamp":1793639130076,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752883200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden an der Technischen Universit\u00e4t Dresden"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aging Clin Exp Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Proximal femur fractures (PFF) are the most common fracture type worldwide, particularly in geriatric patients. Despite advancement in treatment, mortality rates in this patient group remain high.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The aim of this study was to analyze potential factors, influencing the 90-day mortality rate and complication rate after PFF surgery in a tertiary care hospital.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Between 2019 and 2022, all patients aged 65 and older with PFF and a positive screening as a geriatric patient were included in this prospective, single-center study. Data collected included gender, age, BMI, fracture type, type and timing of surgery, comorbidities, medication, mobilization and blood loss as well as complications and 90-day mortality.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Out of 1217 analyzed geriatric patients, 61% underwent surgery within 24\u00a0h. The complication rate was 21.7% with 3% surgical and 20.2% non-surgical complications. Median age was 87 years and 68% were female, while mean Charlson Comorbidity Index was 2.6 points and 84% had ASA 3 or 4. 240 patients (19.7%) died within 90 days after surgery. Higher mortality rates were associated with male gender (OR 1.341), higher age (OR 1.093), lower BMI (OR 0.946), higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.202), non-surgical complications (OR 2.541) and if mobilization was impossible (OR 10.013). A delay of surgery beyond 24\u00a0h after admission was associated with the development of wound infections (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.022) and internal medicine-related complications (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>While no correlation was found between surgery timing and 90 days mortality, delays in surgery were associated with adverse effects, including wound infections and internal medicine complications.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The mortality rates of patients suffering from PFF maintain high and are mainly influenced by non-modifiable patient-related factors.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Clinical trials registration<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>German Registry for Clinical Trials, ID: DRKS00034048, date of registration: 10.02.2025. Retrospectively registered.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-025-03134-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T05:30:24Z","timestamp":1752903024000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Unveiling the hidden risks: 90-day mortality and complications in older adults with proximal femur fractures"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Clemens","family":"Roitzsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Beyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus-Dieter","family":"Schaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Riedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"M\u00e4der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Postler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"3134_CR1","unstructured":"\u201eLife expectancy at birth (years) Zugegriffen: 1. August 2023. [Online]. Verf\u00fcgbar unter: https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/indicators\/indicator-details\/GHO\/life-expectancy-at-birth-(years)"},{"key":"3134_CR2","unstructured":"\u201ebevoelkerung-deutschland -2060-presse-5124204099004.pdf. Zugegriffen: 1. August 2023. [Online]. Verf\u00fcgbar unter: https:\/\/www.destatis.de\/DE\/Themen\/Gesellschaft-Umwelt\/Bevoelkerung\/Bevoelkerungsvorausberechnung\/Publikationen\/Downloads-Vorausberechnung\/bevoelkerung-deutschland-2060-presse-5124204099004.pdf?__blob=publicationFile"},{"key":"3134_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gullberg B, Johnell O, Kanis JA (1997) \u201eWorld-wide Projections for Hip Fracture, Osteoporos Int, Bd. 7, Nr. 5, Art. Nr. 5, Sep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/PL00004148","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00004148"},{"key":"3134_CR4","unstructured":"\u00c4rzteblatt D\u00c4G, Deutsches R \u201eThe Incidence of Fractures Among the Adult Population of Germany (08.10.2021), Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt. Zugegriffen: 20. Juni 2023. [Online]. Verf\u00fcgbar unter: https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/int\/archive\/article?id=221393"},{"key":"3134_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hiligsmann M, Ethgen O, Richy F, Reginster J-Y (Apr. 2008) \u201eUtility values associated with osteoporotic fracture: A systematic review of the literature. Calcif Tissue Int 82(4):288\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00223-008-9117-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-008-9117-6"},{"key":"3134_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"E. K. Osnes u. a., \u201eConsequences of hip fracture on activities of daily life and residential needs, Osteoporos Int, Bd. 15, Nr. 7, S. 567\u2013574, (2004) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-003-1583-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1583-0"},{"key":"3134_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bhandari M, Swiontkowski M (2017) \u201eManagement of Acute Hip Fracture, New England Journal of Medicine, Bd. 377, Nr. 21, S. 2053\u20132062, Nov. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMcp1611090","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1611090"},{"key":"3134_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kristiansson J, Hagberg E, Nellg\u00e5rd B (2020) \u201eThe influence of time-to-surgery on mortality after a hip fracture, Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, Bd. 64, Nr. 3, Art. Nr. 3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aas.13494","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13494"},{"key":"3134_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D. Pincus u. a., \u201eAssociation Between Wait Time and 30-Day Mortality in Adults Undergoing Hip Fracture Surgery, JAMA, Bd. 318, Nr. 20, S. 1994\u20132003, Nov. (2017) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2017.17606","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.17606"},{"key":"3134_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Klestil T et al (2018) \u201eImpact of timing of surgery in elderly hip fracture patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Sci Rep, Bd. 8, Nr. 1, S. 13933, Sep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-32098-7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32098-7"},{"key":"3134_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Welford P et al (2021) \u201eThe association between surgical fixation of hip fractures within 24 hours and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Bone Joint J, Bd. 103-B, Nr. 7, S. 1176\u20131186, Juli https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.103B7.BJJ-2020-2582.R1","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.103B7.BJJ-2020-2582.R1"},{"key":"3134_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"R\u0103dulescu M, Necula B-R, Mironescu SA, Roman MD, Schuh A, Necula R-D (Juli 2024) \u201eIs the timing of surgery a sufficient predictive factor for outcomes in patients with proximal femur fractures?? A systematic review. J Pers Med 14(7):773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm14070773","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14070773"},{"key":"3134_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lewis PM, Waddell JP (2016) \u201eWhen is the ideal time to operate on a patient with a fracture of the hip? a review of the available literature, The Bone & Joint Journal, Bd. 98-B, Nr. 12, Art. Nr. 12, Dez. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.98B12.BJJ-2016-0362.R2","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.98B12.BJJ-2016-0362.R2"},{"key":"3134_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"T. Gerhard u. a., \u201eValidierung des Geriatrie-Checks zur Identifikation geriatrischer Patienten in der Notaufnahme, Z Gerontol Geriatr, Bd. 54, Nr. 2, S. 106\u2013112, (2021) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00391-020-01699-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-020-01699-1"},{"issue":"2","key":"3134_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.79879","volume":"55","author":"M Daabiss","year":"2011","unstructured":"Daabiss M (2011) \u201eAmerican society of anaesthesiologists physical status classification. Indian J Anaesth 55(2):111\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0019-5049.79879","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"3134_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","volume":"40","author":"ME Charlson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR (1987) \u201eA new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis 40(5):373\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"3134_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vittinghoff E, McCulloch CE (M\u00e4rz 2007) \u201eRelaxing the rule of ten events per variable in logistic and Cox regression. Am J Epidemiol 165:710\u2013718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwk052","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwk052"},{"key":"3134_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D. Prieto-Alhambra u. a., \u201eIn-hospital care, complications, and 4-month mortality following a hip or proximal femur fracture: the Spanish registry of osteoporotic femur fractures prospective cohort study. Arch Osteoporos, Bd. 13, Nr. 1, S. 96, (2018) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11657-018-0515-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-018-0515-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"3134_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.52628\/87.4.05","volume":"87","author":"HQ Sheikh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sheikh HQ, Alnahhal A, Aqil A, Hossain FS (2021) \u201eLength of hospital stay following hip fracture and risk of 30 and 90\u00a0day mortality in a united Kingdom cohort. Acta Orthop Belg 87(4):607\u2013617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52628\/87.4.05","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"3134_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Giversen IM (Juni 2007) \u201eTime trends of mortality after first hip fractures. Osteoporos Int 18(6):721\u2013732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-006-0300-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0300-1"},{"key":"3134_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C. Stenqvist u. a., \u201eOrthogeriatric Service Reduces Mortality in Patients With Hip Fracture, Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil, Bd. 7, Nr. 2, S. 67\u201373, (2016) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2151458515625296","DOI":"10.1177\/2151458515625296"},{"key":"3134_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hu F, Jiang C, Shen J, Tang P, Wang Y (2012) \u201ePreoperative predictors for mortality following hip fracture surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Injury, Bd. 43, Nr. 6, S. 676\u2013685, Juni https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2011.05.017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.05.017"},{"key":"3134_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pehkonen LM, Collin S, Korhonen P, Nuotio MS (2025) \u201eIn-hospital hypernatremia prior to discharge to primary care hospitals predicts 90-day mortality in older hip fracture patients, Injury, Bd. 56, Nr. 3, S. 112199, M\u00e4rz https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2025.112199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2025.112199"},{"key":"3134_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jensen JS, T\u00f8ndevold E (1979) \u201eMortality after hip fractures, Acta Orthop Scand, Bd. 50, Nr. 2, S. 161\u2013167, Apr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17453677908989751","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677908989751"},{"key":"3134_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"N. C u. a., \u201eImproved outcome in hip fracture patients in the aging population following co-managed care compared to conventional surgical treatment: a retrospective, dual-center cohort study, BMC geriatrics, Bd. 19, Nr. 1, Art. Nr. 1, Nov. (2019) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-019-1289-6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1289-6"},{"key":"3134_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-016-1744-4","volume":"26","author":"D Giannoulis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Giannoulis D, Calori GM, Giannoudis PV (2016) \u201eThirty-day mortality after hip fractures: has anything changed? Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 26:365\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-016-1744-4","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"3134_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. M. Nyholm u. a., \u201eTime to Surgery Is Associated with Thirty-Day and Ninety-Day Mortality After Proximal Femoral Fracture: A Retrospective Observational Study on Prospectively Collected Data from the Danish Fracture Database Collaborators, JBJS, Bd. 97, Nr. 16, S. 1333, Aug. (2015) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.O.00029","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.O.00029"},{"issue":"3","key":"3134_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13494","volume":"64","author":"J Kristiansson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kristiansson J, Hagberg E, Nellg\u00e5rd B (2020) \u201eThe influence of time-to-surgery on mortality after a hip fracture. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 64(3):347\u2013353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aas.13494","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"3134_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.98B12.BJJ-2016-0362.R2","volume":"98\u2013B","author":"PM Lewis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lewis PM, Waddell JP (2016) \u201eWhen is the ideal time to operate on A patient with A fracture of the hip? A review of the available literature. Bone Joint J 98\u2013B:1573\u20131581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.98B12.BJJ-2016-0362.R2","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"3134_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leer-Salvesen S, Enges LB, Dybvik E, Furnes O, Kristensen TB \u201eDoes time from fracture to surgery a\u00ad ffect mortality and intraoperative medical \u00adcomplications for hip fracture patients? Bd. 101, Nr. 9, 2019","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.101B9.BJJ-2019-0295.R1"},{"key":"3134_CR31","unstructured":"\u201eRichtlinie zur Versorgung der h\u00fcftgelenknahen Femurfraktur Erstfassung - Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss. Zugegriffen: 29. Dezember 2024. [Online]. Verf\u00fcgbar unter: https:\/\/www.g-ba.de\/beschluesse\/4069\/"},{"key":"3134_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"L. A. Beaupre u. a., \u201eThe impact of time to surgery after hip fracture on mortality at 30- and 90-days: Does a single benchmark apply to all? Injury, Bd. 50, Nr. 4, S. 950\u2013955, Apr. (2019) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2019.03.031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.03.031"},{"key":"3134_CR33","unstructured":"Voeten SC, Baart VM, Krijnen P, Schipper IB (2019) \u201e[Optimal timing of a hip fracture operation], Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, Bd. 163, S. D2911, Jan"},{"key":"3134_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. Correoso Castellanos u. a., \u201eAnalysis of surgical delay and its influence on morbimortality in patients with hip fracture, Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed), Bd. 63, Nr. 3, S. 246\u2013251, (2019) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.recot.2018.07.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.recot.2018.07.002"},{"issue":"3","key":"3134_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-023-02348-4","volume":"35","author":"A Fenwick","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fenwick A (2023) \u201eConcomitant fractures in patients with proximal femoral fractures lead to a prolonged hospital stay but not to increased complication rates or in-house mortality if treated surgically: a matched pair analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res 35(3):607\u2013614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-023-02348-4","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"3134_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weinstein ER et al (2024) \u201eImproved outcomes for spinal versus general anesthesia for hip fracture surgery: a retrospective cohort study of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, Reg Anesth Pain Med, Bd. 49, Nr. 1, S. 4\u20139, Jan. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rapm-2022-104217","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2022-104217"},{"key":"3134_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kammerlander C, Pfeufer D, Lisitano LA, Mehaffey S, B\u00f6cker W (Juni 2018) Neuerburg, \u201einability of older adult patients with hip fracture to maintain postoperative Weight-Bearing restrictions, JBJS. 100:936 Nr. 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.17.01222","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.01222"},{"key":"3134_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gleich J (M\u00e4rz 2023) \u201eTime to surgery after proximal femur fracture in geriatric patients depends on hospital size and provided level of care: analysis of the registry for geriatric trauma (ATR-DGU). Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-023-02246-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-023-02246-4"}],"container-title":["Aging Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-025-03134-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40520-025-03134-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-025-03134-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T14:05:01Z","timestamp":1760537101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40520-025-03134-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3134"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-025-03134-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1720-8319"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1720-8319","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2025","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The original article has been updated to update the affiliate from Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Center of Orthopedic, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstra\u00dfe 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany. to Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Center of Orthopedic, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstra\u00dfe 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the University Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden in 2021 (BO-EK 488102021). The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"220"}}