{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T23:05:44Z","timestamp":1775689544279,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003252","name":"Lund University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aging Clin Exp Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Osteocalcin is a bone-specific protein involving many physiological processes, primarily bone turnover. Also closely related to the musculoskeletal system is the frailty syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate if circulating osteocalcin levels and frailty are associated in the old, and in addition, if the presumed association is mediated through alterations in bone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      999 community-dwelling women from the OPRA (Osteoporosis Prospective Risk Assessment) cohort, all aged 75 years. Serum total osteocalcin was measured together with bone turnover markers PINP and CTX. An OPRA-adapted frailty index was applied. Association between osteocalcin and frailty was investigated using both logistic regression (osteocalcin quintiles Q\n                      <jats:sub>low<\/jats:sub>\n                      -Q\n                      <jats:sub>high<\/jats:sub>\n                      ; Q\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      -Q\n                      <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and linear regression. Splines model was added. Association between osteocalcin level and individual components of the frailty index were investigated using Kruskal-Wallis or Chi\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Low osteocalcin (Q\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) was associated with being frail (frailty prevalence 36% vs. 23% (Q1 vs. Q5); absolute difference 13%) in both unadjusted (OR\n                      <jats:sub>unadj<\/jats:sub>\n                      1.82, 95% CI[1.12-3.00]) and adjusted analyses (OR\n                      <jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>\n                      2.55, 95% CI[1.46\u20134.44]); even after adjustment for bone turnover markers, s-PINP and s-CTX (2.50, 95% CI[1.11\u20135.61]). Women with low serum osteocalcin (Q1) had significantly poorer gait function (gait speed (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001; p for trend\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), more steps taken (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003; p for trend 0.004)), higher inflammation (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; p for trend\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and a larger proportion had diabetes (p for trend\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and polypharmacy (p for trend\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), compared to those with highest osteocalcin levels (Q5).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low osteocalcin in circulation was associated with being frail, also after adjusting for bone turnover markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-025-03239-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T06:17:17Z","timestamp":1765261037000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Osteocalcin and frailty among older women"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7248-2534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tine Kolenda","family":"Paulin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3296-7083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linnea","family":"Malmgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7562-4067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrik","family":"Bartosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7482-7623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaisa K.","family":"Ivaska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8033-9981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona E. 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