{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:22:35Z","timestamp":1792113755629,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004913","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004913","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aging Clin Exp Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The accelerating ageing of populations worldwide presents profound challenges for public health, particularly within long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Older adults, often burdened by multimorbidity, frailty, and immunosenescence, are highly vulnerable to vaccine-preventable diseases such as influenza, pneumococcal pneumonia, COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), pertussis, and herpes zoster (HZ). Despite the availability of effective vaccines, immunization coverage in LTCFs remains inadequate, hindered by fragmented national policies, insufficient mandates, and systemic neglect of adult vaccination. In many settings, vaccination uptake is not even systematically monitored, leaving policymakers and clinicians without reliable data to identify gaps or measure progress. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored these vulnerabilities, temporarily spurring emergency vaccination efforts but failing to establish sustainable, life-course immunization frameworks. This consensus document, developed by the European Interdisciplinary Council on Ageing (EICA) following the San Servolo (Venice, Italy) 2025 meeting, synthesizes evidence on intrinsic and environmental infection risk factors in LTCFs, the health and economic burden of infections, and the persistent gaps in vaccine uptake among both residents and staff. We highlight the cost-effectiveness of preventive interventions, the critical role of non-pharmacological infection control measures, and the need to address antimicrobial resistance through integrated vaccination strategies. The Council emphasizes that routine adult vaccination must become a structural element of care planning for ageing populations, supported by digital registries, systematic assessments at LTC admission, co-administration strategies, and robust staff engagement. Stronger global and national policy leadership is urgently needed to align LTCF immunization with life-course approaches and primary healthcare integration. Protecting frail older adults from infectious diseases is not only a clinical necessity but also a societal obligation\u2014central to safeguarding dignity, resilience, and healthy ageing in Europe and beyond.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The fi gure was made FigureLabs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-025-03271-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T02:23:13Z","timestamp":1766370193000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Infectious diseases, infection control, vaccines and long-term care: an European interdisciplinary Council on ageing consensus document"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Nicola","family":"Veronese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Barratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eveline","family":"Coemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pete","family":"Dayananda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Del Riccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamas","family":"Fulop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Gabutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Gravenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mickael","family":"Hiligsmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Hummers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Kassianos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Macchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Manzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Finbarr C.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Morandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Ory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Pattyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Peetermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Polidori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Ricc\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornel Christian","family":"Sieber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerrit Adrianus","family":"van Essen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"3271_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.30574\/ijsra.2024.11.1.0067","volume":"11","author":"O Jane Osareme","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jane Osareme O, Muonde M, Maduka CP, Olorunsogo TO, Omotayo O (2024) Demographic shifts and healthcare: A review of aging populations and systemic challenges. Int J Sci Res Arch 11:383\u2013395","journal-title":"Int J Sci Res Arch"},{"key":"3271_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2003.08.001","volume":"3","author":"KP High","year":"2004","unstructured":"High KP (2004) Infection as a cause of age-related morbidity and mortality. Ageing Res Rev 3:1\u201314","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"3271_CR3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024) Vaccine-preventable diseases (including pipeline vaccines). https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/immunization-vaccines-and-biologicals\/diseases. Accessed 01 Aug 2025"},{"key":"3271_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2025.127331","volume":"61","author":"A Akther","year":"2025","unstructured":"Akther A, Laurie C, Elton-Marshall T, Ly V, Sulis G (2025) Healthcare workers\u2019 current practices, knowledge\/awareness, barriers, and attitudes\/perceptions related to Pneumococcal vaccination of older adults: A mixed-methods systematic review. Vaccine 61:127331","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"3271_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hofmann R (2002) The preventive mandate of the control system created by the Council of Europe Framework convention for the protection of national minorities. The Prevention of Human Rights Violations. Brill Nijhoff, pp 39\u201355","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004480803_005"},{"key":"3271_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e950411","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.950411","volume":"31","author":"DV Parums","year":"2025","unstructured":"Parums DV (2025) The 2025 world health assembly pandemic agreement and the 2024 amendments to the international health regulations combine for pandemic preparedness and response. Med Sci Monitor: Int Med J Experimental Clin Res 31:e950411","journal-title":"Med Sci Monitor: Int Med J Experimental Clin Res"},{"key":"3271_CR7","unstructured":"World Health O (2022) Vaccines against influenza: WHO position paper \u2013 May 2022. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/who-wer9719"},{"key":"3271_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Y, Swayze S, Brown KA, MacFadden DR, Lee SM, Schwartz KL, Daneman N, Langford BJ (2024) Prevalence and predictors of concomitant bacterial infections in patients with respiratory viruses in ontario: a cohort study. Open Forum Infectious Diseases. Oxford University Press US, p ofae701","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae701"},{"key":"3271_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13043","volume":"16","author":"AR Branche","year":"2022","unstructured":"Branche AR, Saiman L, Walsh EE, Falsey AR, Jia H, Barrett A, Alba L, Phillips M, Finelli L (2022) Change in functional status associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in hospitalized older adults. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 16:1151\u20131160","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"3271_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101534","volume":"73","author":"N Veronese","year":"2022","unstructured":"Veronese N, Demurtas J, Smith L, Michel JP, Barbagallo M, Bolzetta F, Noale M, Maggi S (2022) Influenza vaccination reduces dementia risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 73:101534","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"3271_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12121314","volume":"12","author":"P Goyani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Goyani P, Christodoulou R, Vassiliou E (2024) Immunosenescence: aging and immune system decline. Vaccines 12:1314","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"3271_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003203","DOI":"10.37349\/ei.2025.1003203","volume":"5","author":"A Kumar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kumar A, Ahmad F, Sah BK, Aljabali AA, Mishra Y, Mishra V (2025) Advancements in viral vaccine development: from traditional to modern approaches. Explor Immunol 5:1003203","journal-title":"Explor Immunol"},{"key":"3271_CR13","first-page":"17","volume":"18","author":"CL Bell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bell CL, Lee AS, Tamura BK (2015) Malnutrition in the nursing home. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metabolic Care 18:17\u201323","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metabolic Care"},{"key":"3271_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610212002025","volume":"25","author":"AM van den Brink","year":"2013","unstructured":"van den Brink AM, Gerritsen DL, Oude Voshaar RC, Koopmans RT (2013) Residents with mental\u2013physical Multimorbidity living in long-term care facilities: prevalence and characteristics. A systematic review. Int Psychogeriatr 25:531\u2013548","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"3271_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610216001654","volume":"29","author":"S Toot","year":"2017","unstructured":"Toot S, Swinson T, Devine M, Challis D, Orrell M (2017) Causes of nursing home placement for older people with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Psychogeriatr 29:195\u2013208","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"3271_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.08.006","volume":"49","author":"JM Mylotte","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mylotte JM (2021) Risk adjustment for benchmarking nursing home infection surveillance data: A narrative review. Am J Infect Control 49:366\u2013374","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"3271_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e216315","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.6315","volume":"4","author":"HB Mehta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mehta HB, Li S, Goodwin JS (2021) Risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalization, and mortality among US nursing home residents. JAMA Netw Open 4:e216315\u2013e216315","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"3271_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-02779-0","volume":"22","author":"L Soldevila","year":"2022","unstructured":"Soldevila L, Prat N, Mas M\u00c0, Massot M, Miralles R, Bonet-Sim\u00f3 JM, Isnard M, Exp\u00f3sito-Izquierdo M, Garcia-Sanchez I, Rodoreda-Noguerola S (2022) The interplay between infection risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 and mortality: a cross-sectional study from a cohort of long-term care nursing home residents. BMC Geriatr 22:123","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"3271_CR19","first-page":"73","volume":"63","author":"M Vaughn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vaughn M (2021) ASHRAE research report: 2020\u20132021. ASHRAE J 63:73\u201387","journal-title":"ASHRAE J"},{"key":"3271_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-023-01292-2","volume":"12","author":"JA Srigley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Srigley JA, Cheng B, Collet JC, Donovan Towell T, Han G, Keen D, Leung KW, Mori J, Ali RA (2023) Barriers to infection prevention and control in long-term care\/assisted living settings in British Columbia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 12:84","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"3271_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2006.12.002","volume":"8","author":"CL Richards Jr","year":"2007","unstructured":"Richards CL Jr (2007) Infection control in long-term care facilities. J Am Med Dir Assoc 8:S18\u2013S25","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"3271_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2023.226","volume":"45","author":"LL McKinley","year":"2024","unstructured":"McKinley LL, Goedken CC, Balkenende EC, Sherlock SMH, Knobloch MJ, Bartel R, Perencevich EN, Reisinger HS, Safdar N (2024) Using a human-factors engineering approach to evaluate environmental cleaning in veterans\u2019 affairs acute and long-term care facilities: A qualitative analysis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 45:351\u2013359","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"3271_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-024-02808-5","volume":"36","author":"A Abbadi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abbadi A, Gentili S, Tsoumani E, Brandtm\u00fcller A, Hendel MK, Salomonsson S, Calder\u00f3n-Larra\u00f1aga A, Vetrano DL (2024) Impact of lower-respiratory tract infections on healthcare utilization and mortality in older adults: a Swedish population-based cohort study. Aging Clin Exp Res 36:146","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"3271_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ricchizzi E, Sasdelli E, Leucci AC, Fabbri E, Caselli L, Latour K, Panis LI, De Baets E, Van den Abeele A-M, D\u2019Ambrosio A (2025) Incidence of health-care-associated infections in long-term care facilities in nine European countries: a 12-month, prospective, longitudinal cohort study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(25)00217-8"},{"key":"3271_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1177\/0733464812449903","volume":"33","author":"N Castle","year":"2014","unstructured":"Castle N, Wagner L, Ferguson J, Handler S (2014) Hand hygiene deficiency citations in nursing homes. J Appl Gerontol 33:24\u201350","journal-title":"J Appl Gerontol"},{"key":"3271_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dilokthornsakul P, Lan LM, Thakkinstian A, Hutubessy R, Lambach P, Chaiyakunapruk N (2022) Economic evaluation of seasonal influenza vaccination in elderly and health workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101410"},{"key":"3271_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12525","volume":"16","author":"Y Fu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fu Y, Zhao J, Han P, Zhang J, Wang Q, Wang Q, Wei X, Yang L, Ren T, Zhan S (2023) Cost-effectiveness of COVID\u201019 vaccination: A systematic review. J Evidence\u2010Based Med 16:152\u2013165","journal-title":"J Evidence\u2010Based Med"},{"key":"3271_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-022-02128-7","volume":"11","author":"EN Tchouaket","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tchouaket EN, Kruglova K, Beogo I, Sia D, Robins S, B\u00e9langer E, Jubinville M, S\u00e9guin C, Kilpatrick K, Boivin S (2022) Economic evaluation of healthcare-associated infection prevention and control in long-term care: a systematic review protocol. Syst Reviews 11:261","journal-title":"Syst Reviews"},{"key":"3271_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1236-6","volume":"19","author":"A Childs","year":"2019","unstructured":"Childs A, Zullo AR, Joyce NR, McConeghy KW, van Aalst R, Moyo P, Bosco E, Mor V, Gravenstein S (2019) The burden of respiratory infections among older adults in long-term care: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr 19:210","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"3271_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-023-02426-7","volume":"35","author":"MB Zazzara","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zazzara MB, Colloca GF, Maraschini A, Bellieni A, Dispenza S, Meloni E, Ricciotti MA, Penco I, Minelli G, Onder G (2023) Causes of deaths in long-term care and hospice care facilities during the first year of COVID-19 pandemic: a snapshot of Italy during 2020. Aging Clin Exp Res 35:1385\u20131392","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"3271_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.08.035","volume":"23","author":"JL S\u00e1nchez-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2022","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-S\u00e1nchez JL, Rolland Y, Cesari M, de Souto Barreto P (2022) Associations between intrinsic capacity and adverse events among nursing home residents: the INCUR study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 23:872\u2013876 e874","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"3271_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-04946-x","volume":"24","author":"E Gombault-Datzenko","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gombault-Datzenko E, Costa N, Mouni\u00e9 M, Tavassoli N, Mathieu C, Roussel H, Lagarrigue J, Berard E, Rolland Y, Molinier L (2024) Cost of care pathways before and after appropriate and inappropriate transfers to the emergency department among nursing home residents: results from the FINE study. BMC Geriatr 24:353","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"3271_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14286","volume":"64","author":"AC Eke-Usim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eke-Usim AC, Rogers MA, Gibson KE, Crnich C, Mody L, Team TIPS (2016) Constitutional symptoms trigger diagnostic testing before antibiotic prescribing in high\u2010risk nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 64:1975\u20131980","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"3271_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.08.010","volume":"17","author":"T van der Maaden","year":"2016","unstructured":"van der Maaden T, van der Steen JT, de Vet HC, Hertogh CM, Koopmans RT (2016) Prospective observations of discomfort, pain, and dyspnea in nursing home residents with dementia and pneumonia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 17:128\u2013135","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"3271_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Notarnicola E, Perobelli E, Rotolo A, Berloto S (2021) Lessons learned from Italian nursing homes during the COVID-19 outbreak: a Tale of long-term care fragility and policy failure. Journal of Long-Term Care","DOI":"10.31389\/jltc.73"},{"key":"3271_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu P-J (2021) Surveillance of vaccination coverage among adult populations\u2014United States, 2018. MMWR Surveillance Summaries 70","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss7003a1"},{"key":"3271_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zu Y, Chang H, Cui Z (2025) Molecular point-of-care testing technologies: current status and challenges. Nexus","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynexs.2025.100059"},{"key":"3271_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172","volume":"11","author":"HC Maltezou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maltezou HC, Dounias G, Rapisarda V, Ledda C (2022) Vaccination policies for healthcare personnel: current challenges and future perspectives. Vaccine X 11:100172","journal-title":"Vaccine X"},{"key":"3271_CR39","unstructured":"Organization WH (2022) Standard precautions for the prevention and control of infections: aide-memoire. Standard precautions for the prevention and control of infections. aide-memoire"},{"key":"3271_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-024-01374-9","volume":"13","author":"E Tartari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tartari E, Bellissimo-Rodrigues F, Pires D, Fankhauser C, Lotfinejad N, Saito H, Suchomel M, Kramer A, Allegranzi B, Boyce J (2024) Updates and future directions regarding hand hygiene in the healthcare setting: insights from the 3rd ICPIC alcohol-based handrub (ABHR) task force. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 13:26","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"3271_CR41","unstructured":"Challenge FGPS (2009) WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. Retrieved from: whqlibdoc who int\/publications\/009 pdf"},{"key":"3271_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2024.02.027","volume":"147","author":"AM Iversen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Iversen AM, Hansen MB, M\u00fcnster M, Kristensen B, Ellermann-Eriksen S (2024) Hand hygiene compliance in nursing home wards: the effect of increased accessibility of alcohol-based hand Rub. J Hosp Infect 147:206\u2013212","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"3271_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Accorgi D, Meucci B (2025) Environmental cleaning and Disinfection. Principles of nursing infection prevention control: introduction and global context of infection prevention and control, vol 1. Springer, pp 119\u2013133","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-84469-0_10"},{"key":"3271_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00082414","volume":"45","author":"M Bentayeb","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bentayeb M, Norback D, Bednarek M, Bernard A, Cai G, Cerrai S, Eleftheriou KK, Gratziou C, Holst GJ, Lavaud F (2015) Indoor air quality, ventilation and respiratory health in elderly residents living in nursing homes in Europe. Eur Respir J 45:1228\u20131238","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"3271_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1086\/592416","volume":"29","author":"PW Smith","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smith PW, Bennett G, Bradley S, Drinka P, Lautenbach E, Marx J, Mody L, Nicolle L, Stevenson K (2008) SHEA\/APIC guideline: infection prevention and control in the long-term care facility. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 29:785\u2013814","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"3271_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00399-2","volume":"24","author":"K Browne","year":"2024","unstructured":"Browne K, White NM, Russo PL et al (2024) Investigating the effect of enhanced cleaning and disinfection of shared medical equipment on health-care-associated infections in Australia (CLEEN): a stepped-wedge, cluster randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis 24:1347\u20131356","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"3271_CR47","unstructured":"Organization WH (2024) Guidelines for the prevention of bloodstream infections and other infections associated with the use of intravascular catheters. Part I: peripheral catheters. World Health Organization"},{"key":"3271_CR48","unstructured":"(2022) Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet 399:629\u2013655"},{"key":"3271_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Theodorakis N, Feretzakis G, Hitas C et al (2024) Antibiotic resistance in the elderly: Mechanisms, risk Factors, and solutions. Microorganisms 12","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12101978"},{"key":"3271_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0241899","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241899","volume":"16","author":"B Bortone","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bortone B, Jackson C, Hsia Y, Bielicki J, Magrini N, Sharland M (2021) High global consumption of potentially inappropriate fixed dose combination antibiotics: analysis of data from 75 countries. PLoS ONE 16:e0241899","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3271_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00878-X","volume":"403","author":"R Laxminarayan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Laxminarayan R, Impalli I, Rangarajan R, Cohn J, Ramjeet K, Trainor BW, Strathdee S, Sumpradit N, Berman D, Wertheim H (2024) Expanding antibiotic, vaccine, and diagnostics development and access to tackle antimicrobial resistance. Lancet 403:2534\u20132550","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3271_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e113","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00303-2","volume":"4","author":"I Frost","year":"2023","unstructured":"Frost I, Sati H, Garcia-Vello P, Hasso-Agopsowicz M, Lienhardt C, Gigante V, Beyer P (2023) The role of bacterial vaccines in the fight against antimicrobial resistance: an analysis of the preclinical and clinical development pipeline. Lancet Microbe 4:e113\u2013e125","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"3271_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-015-0117-7","volume":"41","author":"C Tzialla","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tzialla C, Borghesi A, Serra G, Stronati M, Corsello G (2015) Antimicrobial therapy in neonatal intensive care unit. Ital J Pediatr 41:27","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"3271_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2018.1476814","volume":"14","author":"KU Jansen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jansen KU, Anderson AS (2018) The role of vaccines in fighting antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Hum Vaccines Immunotherapeutics 14:2142\u20132149","journal-title":"Hum Vaccines Immunotherapeutics"},{"key":"3271_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1159\/000534998","volume":"70","author":"E Frangos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Frangos E, Barratt J, Michel J-P, Ecarnot F (2024) Vaccines in long-term care settings: a narrative review. Gerontology 70:241\u2013247","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"3271_CR56","volume-title":"Increase in fatal cases of COVID-19 among longterm care facility residents in the EU\/EEA and the UK","author":"RR Assessment","year":"2020","unstructured":"Assessment RR (2020) Increase in fatal cases of COVID-19 among longterm care facility residents in the EU\/EEA and the UK. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm"},{"key":"3271_CR57","unstructured":"Mistry MM, Barratt J (2023) Driving the Agenda of Pneumococcal Pneumonia Vaccination in At-risk Populations in Community and Long-term Care"},{"key":"3271_CR58","unstructured":"Rocard E, Sillitti P, Llena-Nozal A (2021) COVID-19 in long-term care. Impact, policy responses and challenges"},{"key":"3271_CR59","unstructured":"Prevention ECD, Control, Suetens C, Hopkins S, Kolman J, H\u00f6gberg LD (2013) Point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals: 2011\u20132012. Publications Office of the European Union"},{"key":"3271_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reses HE (2024) Coverage with influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and COVID-19 vaccines among nursing home residents\u2014National healthcare safety Network, united States, November 2024. MMWR Morbidity Mortal Wkly Rep 73","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7346a2"},{"key":"3271_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.08.082","volume":"41","author":"F Alsaif","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alsaif F, Twigg M, Scott S, Blyth A, Wright D, Patel A (2023) A systematic review of barriers and enablers associated with uptake of influenza vaccine among care home staff. Vaccine 41:6156\u20136173","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"3271_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics6020048","volume":"6","author":"RE Thomas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thomas RE (2021) Reducing morbidity and mortality rates from COVID-19, influenza and Pneumococcal illness in nursing homes and long-term care facilities by vaccination and comprehensive infection control interventions. Geriatrics 6:48","journal-title":"Geriatrics"},{"key":"3271_CR63","first-page":"e2021004","volume":"92","author":"A Guillari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guillari A, Polito F, Pucciarelli G, Serra N, Gargiulo G, Esposito MR, Botti S, Rea T, Simeone S (2021) Influenza vaccination and healthcare workers: barriers and predisposing factors. Acta Biomed 92:e2021004","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"3271_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12091021","volume":"12","author":"M Ricc\u00f2","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ricc\u00f2 M, Ferraro P, Zaffina S, Camisa V, Marchesi F, Franzoso FF, Ligori C, Fiacchini D, Magnavita N, Tafuri S (2024) Immunity to varicella Zoster virus in healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2024). Vaccines 12:1021","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"3271_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-023-02364-4","volume":"35","author":"U M\u00fcller-Werdan","year":"2023","unstructured":"M\u00fcller-Werdan U, Polidori MC, Simm A (2023) On frailty and accelerated aging during SARS-Cov-2: senescence. Aging Clin Exp Res 35:907\u2013912","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"3271_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-023-02685-4","volume":"36","author":"TT Makovski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Makovski TT, Ghattas J, Monnier-Besnard S, Cavillot L, Ambro\u017eov\u00e1 M, Va\u0161inov\u00e1 B, Feteira-Santos R, Bezzegh P, Bollmann FP, Cottam J (2024) Multimorbidity and frailty are associated with poorer SARS-CoV-2-related outcomes: systematic review of population-based studies. Aging Clin Exp Res 36:40","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"3271_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12530","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91992-9","volume":"11","author":"S Amore","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amore S, Puppo E, Melara J, Terracciano E, Gentili S, Liotta G (2021) Impact of COVID-19 on older adults and role of long-term care facilities during early stages of epidemic in Italy. Sci Rep 11:12530","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3271_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13040424","volume":"13","author":"A Saha","year":"2025","unstructured":"Saha A, Ghosh Roy S, Dwivedi R, Tripathi P, Kumar K, Nambiar SM, Pathak R (2025) Beyond the pandemic era: recent advances and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against emerging variants of concern. Vaccines 13:424","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"3271_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12539","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212539","volume":"22","author":"L M\u00fcller","year":"2021","unstructured":"M\u00fcller L, Di Benedetto S (2021) How Immunosenescence and inflammaging May contribute to hyperinflammatory syndrome in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 22:12539","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3271_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11020370","volume":"11","author":"JR Spinardi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Spinardi JR, Srivastava A (2023) Hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2 from infection and vaccination\u2014evidence synthesis and implications for new COVID-19 vaccines. Biomedicines 11:370","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"3271_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e83","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2114114","volume":"385","author":"H Chemaitelly","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chemaitelly H, Tang P, Hasan MR, AlMukdad S, Yassine HM, Benslimane FM, Al Khatib HA, Coyle P, Ayoub HH, Al Kanaani Z (2021) Waning of BNT162b2 vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in Qatar. N Engl J Med 385:e83","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3271_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma KC, Surie D, Lauring AS et al (2024) Effectiveness of updated 2023\u20132024 (Monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB and BA.2.86\/JN.1 lineage hospitalization and a comparison of clinical Severity - IVY Network, 26 Hospitals, October 18, 2023-March 9, 2024. medRxiv: the preprint server for health sciences","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae405"},{"key":"3271_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12464","volume":"11","author":"LE Lansbury","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lansbury LE, Brown CS, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS (2017) Influenza in long-term care facilities. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 11:356\u2013366","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"3271_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-025-03086-5","volume":"37","author":"N Veronese","year":"2025","unstructured":"Veronese N, Dominguez LJ, Ganci A, Speziale G, Mansueto P, Piro S, Basile G, Barbagallo M (2025) Influenza vaccination in older people: a geriatrician\u2019s perspective. Aging Clin Exp Res 37:202","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"3271_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.04.019","volume":"40","author":"B G\u00e4rtner","year":"2022","unstructured":"G\u00e4rtner B, Weinke T, Wahle K, Kwetkat A, Beier D, Schmidt K, Schwarz T (2022) Importance and value of adjuvanted influenza vaccine in the care of older adults from a European perspective\u2013A systematic review of recently published literature on real-world data. Vaccine 40:2999\u20133008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"3271_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2429235","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2024.2429235","volume":"20","author":"D Cheong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheong D, Song JY (2024) Pneumococcal disease burden in high-risk older adults: exploring impact of comorbidities, long-term care facilities, antibiotic resistance, and immunization policies through a narrative literature review. Hum Vaccin Immunother 20:2429235","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"3271_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ngamprasertchai T, Ruenroengbun N, Kajeekul R (2025) Immunogenicity and safety of the Higher-Valent Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine vs the 13-Valent Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in older adults: A systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Open forum infectious diseases. Oxford University Press US, p ofaf069","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf069"},{"key":"3271_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13050498","volume":"13","author":"L Ozisik","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ozisik L (2025) The new era of Pneumococcal vaccination in adults. What Is Next? Vaccines 13:498","journal-title":"What Is Next? Vaccines"},{"key":"3271_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdullahi F, Patel T, Stoker K, Carey C, Andrews N, Ramsay M, Cassell J, Ladhani SN (2025) Pneumococcal vaccination for new residents entering older adult care homes in england: National observational surveillance study. The Lancet Healthy Longevity","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100726"},{"key":"3271_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-024-01080-4","volume":"14","author":"WP Hanage","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hanage WP, Schaffner W (2025) Burden of acute respiratory infections caused by influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and SARS-CoV-2 with consideration of older adults: A narrative review. Infect Dis Therapy 14:5\u201337","journal-title":"Infect Dis Therapy"},{"key":"3271_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12050500","volume":"12","author":"M Ricc\u00f2","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ricc\u00f2 M, Cascio A, Corrado S, Bottazzoli M, Marchesi F, Gili R, Giuri PG, Gori D, Manzoni P (2024) Efficacy of respiratory syncytial virus vaccination to prevent lower respiratory tract illness in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Vaccines 12:500","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"3271_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-024-01082-2","volume":"14","author":"S Maggi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Maggi S, Launay O, Dawson R (2025) Respiratory virus vaccines: pathways to recommendations and enhanced coverage for at-risk populations. Infect Dis Therapy 14:99\u2013114","journal-title":"Infect Dis Therapy"},{"key":"3271_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105961","volume":"121","author":"ET Godonou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Godonou ET, Callear AP, Juntila-Raymond CL et al (2025) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine effectiveness and antibody correlates of protection among older adults in the community vaccine effectiveness (CoVE) observational study. EBioMedicine 121:105961","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"3271_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01738-0","volume":"404","author":"AB Payne","year":"2024","unstructured":"Payne AB, Watts JA, Mitchell PK, Dascomb K, Irving SA, Klein NP, Grannis SJ, Ong TC, Ball SW, DeSilva MB (2024) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine effectiveness against RSV-associated hospitalisations and emergency department encounters among adults aged 60 years and older in the USA, October, 2023, to March, 2024: a test-negative design analysis. Lancet 404:1547\u20131559","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3271_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2025.127338","volume":"61","author":"C Anastassopoulou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Anastassopoulou C, Panagiotopoulos A-P, Ferous S, Poland GA, Dodick DW, Tsakris A (2025) RSV vaccines and Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: insights into an emerging concern. Vaccine 61:127338","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"3271_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-024-01081-3","volume":"14","author":"A Branche","year":"2025","unstructured":"Branche A, Ramesh M, Francis B (2025) A narrative review of key risk factors for severe illness following SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus infection. Infect Dis Therapy 14:39\u201361","journal-title":"Infect Dis Therapy"},{"key":"3271_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-025-02968-y","volume":"37","author":"F Ecarnot","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ecarnot F, Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan J, Barbagallo M, Barratt J, Biering-S\u00f8rensen T, Botelho-Nevers E, Del Riccio M, Goeijenbier M, Gravenstein S, Louren\u00e7o L (2025) Infectious diseases, cardio-cerebrovascular health and vaccines: pathways to prevention. Aging Clin Exp Res 37:80","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"3271_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-021-00465-z","volume":"10","author":"D Macina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Macina D, Evans KE (2021) Pertussis in individuals with co-morbidities: a systematic review. Infect Dis Therapy 10:1141\u20131170","journal-title":"Infect Dis Therapy"},{"key":"3271_CR89","first-page":"882","volume":"105","author":"S Wicker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wicker S, Rose MA (2010) Health care workers and pertussis: an underestimated issue. Medizinische Klinik-Intensivmedizin Und Notfallmedizin 105:882\u2013886","journal-title":"Medizinische Klinik-Intensivmedizin Und Notfallmedizin"},{"key":"3271_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2554","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2554","volume":"34","author":"MA Hakami","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hakami MA, Khan FR, Abdulaziz O, Alshaghdali K, Hazazi A, Aleissi AF, Abalkhail A, Alotaibi BS, Alhazmi AYM, Kukreti N (2024) Varicella-zoster virus\u2010related neurological complications: from infection to Immunomodulatory therapies. Rev Med Virol 34:e2554","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"3271_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-024-00963-w","volume":"13","author":"A Marijam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marijam A, Vroom N, Bhavsar A, Posiuniene I, Lecrenier N, Vroling H (2024) Systematic literature review on the incidence of herpes Zoster in populations at increased risk of disease in the EU\/EEA, Switzerland, and the UK. Infect Dis Therapy 13:1083\u20131104","journal-title":"Infect Dis Therapy"},{"key":"3271_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.2165\/0002512-200825120-00002","volume":"25","author":"RW Johnson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Johnson RW, Wasner G, Saddier P, Baron R (2008) Herpes Zoster and postherpetic neuralgia: optimizing management in the elderly patient. Drugs Aging 25:991\u20131006","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"3271_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-024-01073-3","volume":"14","author":"M Hunjan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hunjan M, Curran D, Marijam A, Vekria Y, Giannelos N (2025) Modelled public health impact of introducing adjuvanted Recombinant Zoster vaccine into the UK National immunisation programme. Infect Dis Therapy 14:105\u2013119","journal-title":"Infect Dis Therapy"},{"key":"3271_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e037458","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037458","volume":"10","author":"N Andrews","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andrews N, Stowe J, Kuyumdzhieva G, Sile B, Yonova I, De Lusignan S, Ramsay M, Amirthalingam G (2020) Impact of the herpes Zoster vaccination programme on hospitalised and general practice consulted herpes Zoster in the 5 years after its introduction in england: a population-based study. BMJ Open 10:e037458","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"3271_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab121","volume":"73","author":"Y Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun Y, Kim E, Kong CL, Arnold BF, Porco TC, Acharya NR (2021) Effectiveness of the Recombinant Zoster vaccine in adults aged 50 and older in the united states: a claims-based cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 73:949\u2013956","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"3271_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-016-0180-7","volume":"30","author":"GM Keating","year":"2016","unstructured":"Keating GM (2016) Shingles (Herpes Zoster) vaccine (Zostavax\u00ae): a review in the prevention of herpes Zoster and postherpetic neuralgia. BioDrugs 30:243\u2013254","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"3271_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eyting M, Xie M, Michalik F, He\u00df S, Chung S, Geldsetzer P (2025) A natural experiment on the effect of herpes Zoster vaccination on dementia. Nature 1\u20139","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08800-x"},{"key":"3271_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-023-02469-w","volume":"35","author":"UK Sahin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sahin UK, Durdu H, Korkmaz N (2023) The role of frailty on quality of life in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aging Clin Exp Res 35:1779\u20131787","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"}],"container-title":["Aging Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40520-025-03271-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-025-03271-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40520-025-03271-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T20:01:56Z","timestamp":1767038516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40520-025-03271-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3271"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-025-03271-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1720-8319"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1720-8319","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 November 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 November 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"M.D.R. reports having collaborated on research projects related to the epidemiology of influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2, funded by, or having provided consultancy services to, or received research or travel grants from AstraZeneca, GSK, CSL Seqirus, Moderna, MSD, Pfizer, and Sanofi. M.D.R. and J.P also report that the activities of the Adult Immunization Board are supported by an unrestricted grant from Vaccines Europe; he secretariat of the AIB retains full control over meeting topics, meeting reports and content on the website. N.V. is the Editor in Chief of Aging Clinical Experimental Research. He received personal fees from Sanofi, outside of the scope of the work. G.G. has received honoraria for participation in advisory boards, expert meetings and speaker\u2019s fees from: MSD, GSK, Sanofi Pasteur, Pfizer, Moderna, Seqirus, Bavarian Nordic, Merck, Viatris, AstraZeneca. S.G. has received consulting\/honoraria: AstraZeneca, Icosavax, Novavax, Shionogi; consulting, honoraria and Grant Funding: Curevac, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen\/J&J, Moderna, Pfizer, Sanofi, Seqirus. M.H. has received research grants paid to institution from Radius Health and Angelini Pharma, consulting fee (pay to institution) from Grunenthal and Pfizer, lectures fees from IBSA (paid to institution) and Echolight. P.M. was speaker and advisory Boards for Pfizer , Sanofi, AstraZeneca , Enanta and MSD vaccines, mAbs ans antivirals. M.C.P. was speaker for Sanofi, Gilead, Pfizer. G.A.V.E. declares speakers fee from Sanofi, Viatris, MSD and Moderna. M.R. has received honoraria for participation in advisory boards, expert meetings and speaker\u2019s fees from: Pfizer. G.K. has relationships with all vaccine manufacturers in the UK. The other authors declared no conflicts of interest for this work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"10"}}