{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T01:09:04Z","timestamp":1793495344961,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]],"date-time":"2020-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584921600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]],"date-time":"2020-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Envir Health Rpt"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-020-00270-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]],"date-time":"2020-03-23T04:02:28Z","timestamp":1584936148000},"page":"140-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":410,"title":["Fluoride in Drinking Water and Skeletal Fluorosis: a Review of the Global Impact"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Sakshi","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.J.S.","family":"Flora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"270_CR1","first-page":"666","volume":"48","author":"C Swapnila","year":"2010","unstructured":"Swapnila C, Flora SJ. Arsenic and fluoride: two major ground water pollutants. Indian J Exp Biol. 2010;48:666\u201378.","journal-title":"Indian J Exp Biol"},{"key":"270_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2022 Pranesh MB, Arjundas G, Kalyanaraman S, Bharati RS. Autopsy study of a case of skeletal fluorosis. Neurology India. 2019 May 1. 1977;67(3):643. The paper presents a detailed autopsy report of a patient with crippling skeletal and neurological fluorosis.","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.263254"},{"key":"270_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Mohammadi AA, Yousefi M, Yaseri M, Jalilzadeh M, Mahvi AH. Skeletal fluorosis in relation to drinking water in rural areas of West Azerbaijan, Iran. Scientific reports. 2017;7(1):17300. The study demonstrates a significant relationship between the fluoride concentrations in the water and the prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in an endemic fluorosis area.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17328-8"},{"issue":"3","key":"270_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.177867","volume":"60","author":"MS Kurdi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kurdi MS. Chronic fluorosis: the disease and its anaesthetic implications. Indian journal of anaesthesia. 2016;60(3):157\u201362.","journal-title":"Indian journal of anaesthesia"},{"issue":"9","key":"270_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1428-6","volume":"22","author":"S Joshi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Joshi S, Hlaing T, Whitford GM, Compston JE. Skeletal fluorosis due to excessive tea and toothpaste consumption. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22(9):2557\u201360.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"270_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.63767","volume":"58","author":"UK Misra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Misra UK. Endemic skeletal fluorosis. Neurol India. 2010;58(2):338.","journal-title":"Neurol India."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"270_CR7","first-page":"279","volume":"10","author":"KA Krishnamachari","year":"1986","unstructured":"Krishnamachari KA. Skeletal fluorosis in humans: a review of recent progress in the understanding of the disease. Prog Food Nutr Sci. 1986;10(3\u20134):279\u2013314.","journal-title":"Prog Food Nutr Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"270_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3109\/10408369609083059","volume":"33","author":"M Kleerekoper","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kleerekoper M. Fluoride and the skeleton. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 1996;33(2):139\u201361.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"270_CR9","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"PD Cohn","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cohn PD. A brief report on the association of drinking water fluoridation and the incidence of osteosarcoma among young males. New Jersey Department of Health.Environ. Health Service. 1992;8:1\u201317.","journal-title":"Health Service"},{"issue":"1","key":"270_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(94)90886-9","volume":"15","author":"A Richards","year":"1994","unstructured":"Richards A, Moskilder L, Sogaard CH. Normal age-related changes in fluoride content of vertebral trabecular bone-relation to bone quality. Bone. 1994;15(1):21\u20136.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"2","key":"270_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2010.07.011","volume":"188","author":"O Barbier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barbier O, Arreola-Mendoza L, Del Razo LM. Molecular mechanisms of fluoride toxicity. ChemBiol Interact. 2010;188(2):319\u201333.","journal-title":"ChemBiol Interact"},{"issue":"4","key":"270_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-011-9412-y","volume":"24","author":"SJ Flora","year":"2011","unstructured":"Flora SJ, Pachauri V, Mittal M, Kumar D. Interactive effect of arsenic and fluoride on cardio-respiratory disorders in male rats: possible role of reactive oxygen species. Biometals. 2011;24(4):615\u201328.","journal-title":"Biometals."},{"issue":"1","key":"270_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1474","volume":"30","author":"S Chouhan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chouhan S, Lomash V, Flora SJ. Fluoride-induced changes in haem biosynthesis pathway, neurological variables and tissue histopathology of rats. J Appl Toxicol. 2010;30(1):63\u201373.","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"270_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfg030","volume":"72","author":"GB Reddy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Reddy GB, Khandare AL, Reddy PY, Rao GS, Balakrishna N, Srivalli I. Antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation in patients with skeletal fluorosis and in fluoride-intoxicated rabbits. Toxicol Sci. 2003;72(2):363\u20138.","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"270_CR15","first-page":"103","volume":"34","author":"YM Shivarajashankara","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shivarajashankara YM, Shivashankara AR, Rao SH, Bhat PG. Oxidative stress in children with endemic skeletal fluorosis. Fluoride. 2001;34(2):103\u20137.","journal-title":"Fluoride."},{"issue":"1","key":"270_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1134\/S0003683812010036","volume":"48","author":"S Chouhan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chouhan S, Tuteja U, Flora SJ. Isolation, identification and characterization of fluoride resistant bacteria: possible role in bioremediation. Appl Biochem Microbiol. 2012;48(1):43\u201350.","journal-title":"Appl Biochem Microbiol"},{"key":"270_CR17","first-page":"796","volume-title":"Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. Health criteria and other supporting information","author":"WHO","year":"1996","unstructured":"WHO. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. Health criteria and other supporting information, vol. 2. 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1996. p. 796\u2013803.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"3","key":"270_CR18","first-page":"24","volume":"4","author":"KS Meena","year":"2018","unstructured":"Meena KS, Meena K, Gunsaria RK. Skeletal fluorosis in populace of Deoli Tehsil (Tonk District), Rajasthan, India. Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research. 2018;4(3):24\u20138.","journal-title":"Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research"},{"key":"270_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Haritash AK, Aggarwal A, Soni J, Sharma K, Sapra M, Singh B. Assessment of fluoride in groundwater and urine, and prevalence of fluorosis among school children in Haryana, India. Applied water science. 2018;8(2):52. The study suggests a correlation between the concentration of fluoride in groundwater, and urine of school children.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13201-018-0691-0"},{"key":"270_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Khairnar MR, Dodamani AS, Jadhav HC, Naik RG, Deshmukh MA. Mitigation of fluorosis-a review. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9(6):ZE05\u20139. This review provides information about the available treatment\/ modalities for fluorosis, available technologies for fluoride removal from water and the recent development for fluorosis mitigation program.","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2015\/13261.6085"},{"key":"270_CR21","unstructured":"Dahi, E., Mtalo, F., Njau, B. and Bregnhj, H., 1996. Defluoridation using the Nalgonda technique in Tanzania."},{"key":"270_CR22","volume-title":"Defluoridation. Technology mission on drinking water in villages and related water management","author":"NEERI","year":"1987","unstructured":"NEERI. Defluoridation. Technology mission on drinking water in villages and related water management. Nagpur: National Environment Engineering Research Institute; 1987."},{"issue":"6","key":"270_CR23","first-page":"730","volume":"76","author":"SS Lathaa","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lathaa SS, Ambika SR, Prasad SJ. Fluoride contamination status of groundwater in Karnataka. Curr Sci. 1999;76(6):730\u20134.","journal-title":"Curr Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"270_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0218.66868","volume":"35","author":"S Rawlani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rawlani S, Rawlani S, Rawlani S. Assessment of skeletal and non-skeletal fluorosis in endemic fluoridated areas of Vidharbha region, India: a survey. Indian journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine. 2010;35(2):298.","journal-title":"Indian journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine"},{"key":"270_CR25","unstructured":"Flourides H.F. Toxicological Profile for Fluorides, Hydrogen Fluoride, and Fluorine. Atlanta, GA: U.S.Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. 2003."},{"key":"270_CR26","unstructured":"Kohn W.G, Maas WR, Malvitz DM, Presson S.M, Shaddix K.K. Recommendations for Using fluoride to prevent and control dental caries in the United States. 2001 ;50."}],"container-title":["Current Environmental Health Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40572-020-00270-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40572-020-00270-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40572-020-00270-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T14:46:40Z","timestamp":1722610000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40572-020-00270-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["270"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40572-020-00270-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2196-5412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2196-5412","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 March 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethics Guidelines"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}]}}