{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T04:19:57Z","timestamp":1793420397626,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711324800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32ES23769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32ES23769"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences Center for Health and Environmental Effects of PFAS","award":["P42 ES031009-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P42 ES031009-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00j4k1h63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Natural Resources Defense Council","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05tff2467","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Northeastern University USA","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04t5xt781","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Envir Health Rpt"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose of Review<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The discovery of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment and humans worldwide has ignited scientific research, government inquiry, and public concern over numerous adverse health effects associated with PFAS exposure. In this review, we discuss the use of PFAS immunotoxicity data in regulatory and clinical decision-making contexts and question whether recent efforts adequately account for PFAS immunotoxicity in public health decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Recent Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Government and academic reviews confirm the strongest human evidence for PFAS immunotoxicity is reduced antibody production in response to vaccinations, particularly for tetanus and diphtheria. However, recent events, such as the economic analysis supporting the proposed national primary drinking water regulations and clinical monitoring recommendations, indicate a failure to adequately incorporate these data into regulatory and clinical decisions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To be more protective of public health, we recommend using all relevant immunotoxicity data to inform current and future PFAS-related chemical risk assessment and regulation. Biological measures of immune system effects, such as reduced antibody levels in response to vaccination, should be used as valid and informative markers of health outcomes and risks associated with PFAS exposure. Routine toxicity testing should be expanded to include immunotoxicity evaluations in adult and developing organisms. In addition, clinical recommendations for PFAS-exposed individuals and communities should be revisited and strengthened to provide guidance on incorporating immune system monitoring and other actions that can be taken to protect against adverse health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-024-00441-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T09:02:43Z","timestamp":1711357363000},"page":"118-127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":131,"title":["Public Health Risks of PFAS-Related Immunotoxicity Are Real"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Abigail P.","family":"Bline","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie C.","family":"DeWitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol F.","family":"Kwiatkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine E.","family":"Pelch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Reade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia R.","family":"Varshavsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"441_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.0c00255","volume":"7","author":"CF Kwiatkowski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kwiatkowski CF, Andrews DQ, Birnbaum LS, Bruton TA, DeWitt JC, Knappe DRU, et al. 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Katherine Pelch and Anna Reade declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. This work was supported by charitable contributions to NRDC. Jamie C. DeWitt declares that she serves\/has served as a plaintiff\u2019s expert witness in cases involving PFAS; however, her financial compensation in such cases is not dependent on the outcome of the cases.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Katherine Pelch and Anna Reade are employees of the Natural Resources Defense Council, a United States-based 501(c)(3) non-profit international environmental advocacy group. Katherine Pelch and Anna Reade declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. This work was supported by charitable contributions to NRDC. Jamie C. DeWitt declares that she serves\/has served as a plaintiff\u2019s expert witness in cases involving PFAS; however, her financial compensation in such cases is not dependent on the outcome of the cases.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}]}}