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Most existing research focuses on exposure to single metals; the effects of metal mixtures largely remain understudied. Further, few studies consider how diet\/nutrients interact with metal mixtures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To synthesize research on the relationship between\n                      <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>\n                      and childhood metal mixture exposures, nutritional status-metal exposure interactions, and child anthropometric outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PubMed and Embase were used to search literature published in 2010\u20132023. Included studies consisted of at least two\n                      <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>\n                      or childhood toxic metal exposures and examined anthropometric parameters as their main outcomes. Included articles underwent full-text screenings. Information on exposures, findings, nutritional variables, and statistical methods was extracted.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After deduplication and title and abstract screening, 95 publications were included; 70 on prenatal growth and 25 on postnatal growth. Nutritional status\/diet was assessed as an effect modifier in 4.3% studies on prenatal and 12% studies on postnatal growth. Birthweight (91.4%), and height and body mass index (64%) were common indicators of prenatal and postnatal growth, respectively. Finally, 41.4% of studies on prenatal and 20% on postnatal growth included statistical models that tested for mixture effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although many studies included multiple metals, their mixture effects largely remain untested. Additionally, inclusion of nutritional status\/dietary intakes in statistical models is rare, highlighting the need for further research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-025-00502-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T07:51:02Z","timestamp":1759391462000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Early Life Exposure To Multiple Metals, Nutrition, and Growth in Children \u2013 A\u00a0Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Gauri","family":"Desai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Blatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Zafron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Rudra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kordas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"502_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grasgruber P, Hrazd\u00edra E. 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