{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T17:20:25Z","timestamp":1771521625326,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40596-025-02230-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T14:43:50Z","timestamp":1758206630000},"page":"26-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Resilience on Medical Student Well-Being"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3052-7046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Zbib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana-Sophia","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"April","family":"Hartman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2230_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nair M, Moss N, Bashir A, Garate D, Thomas D, Fu S, Phu D, Pham C. Mental health trends among medical students. Proc (Baylor University. Medical Center). 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08998280.2023.2187207.","DOI":"10.1080\/08998280.2023.2187207"},{"key":"2230_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243250","author":"N Rajapuram","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rajapuram N, Langness S, Marshall MR, Sammann A. Medical students in distress: the impact of gender, race, debt, and disability. PLoS ONE. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0243250.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2230_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V, Koss MP, Marks JS. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. Am J Prevent Med. 1998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0749-3797(98)00017-8.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0749-3797(98)00017-8"},{"key":"2230_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.120","author":"J Keller","year":"2017","unstructured":"Keller J, Gomez R, Williams G, Lembke A, Lazzeroni L, Murphy GM Jr, et al. HPA axis in major depression: cortisol, clinical symptomatology and genetic variation predict cognition. Mol Psychiatry. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2016.120.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2230_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.12.012","author":"JC Poole","year":"2017","unstructured":"Poole JC, Dobson KS, Pusch D. Childhood adversity and adult depression: the protective role of psychological resilience. Child Abuse Negl. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.12.012.","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"2230_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10872981.2017.1320187","author":"JC Houpy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Houpy JC, Lee WW, Woodruff JN, Pincavage AT. Medical student resilience and stressful clinical events during clinical training. Med Educ Online. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10872981.2017.1320187.","journal-title":"Med Educ Online"},{"key":"2230_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40596-019-01047-5","author":"AF Sciolla","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sciolla AF, Wilkes MS, Griffin EJ. Adverse Childhood Experiences in medical students: implications for wellness. Acad Psychiatr: J Am Assoc Directors Psychiatr Residency Train Assoc Acad Psychiatr. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40596-019-01047-5.","journal-title":"Acad Psychiatr: J Am Assoc Directors Psychiatr Residency Train Assoc Acad Psychiatr"},{"key":"2230_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Giano Z, Wheeler DL, Hubach RD. The frequencies and disparities of adverse childhood experiences in the U.S. BMC public health. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-020-09411-z.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09411-z"},{"key":"2230_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31821da615","author":"LN Dyrbye","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dyrbye LN, Schwartz A, Downing SM, Szydlo DW, Sloan JA, Shanafelt TD. Efficacy of a brief screening tool to identify medical students in distress. Acad Med: J Assoc Am Med Coll. 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31821da615.","journal-title":"Acad Med: J Assoc Am Med Coll"},{"key":"2230_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041265","author":"SF Fung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fung SF. Validity of the Brief Resilience Scale and Brief Resilient Coping Scale in a Chinese sample. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17041265.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2230_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1233298","author":"L Hasimi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hasimi L, Ahmadi M, Hovyzian SA, Ahmadi A. Sense of coherence or resilience as predictors of psychological distress in nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1233298.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2230_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7226a2","author":"EA Swedo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Swedo EA, Aslam MV, Dahlberg LL, Niolon PH, Guinn AS, Simon TR, et al. Prevalence of adverse childhood experiences among U.S. adults - behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 2011\u20132020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7226a2.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2230_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr2028487","author":"DB Morris","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morris DB, Gruppuso PA, McGee HA, Murillo AL, Grover A, Adashi EY. Diversity of the national medical student body - four decades of inequities. 2021. N Engl J Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMsr2028487."},{"key":"2230_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2015.1023791","author":"KA Kalmakis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kalmakis KA, Meyer JS, Chiodo L, Leung K. Adverse childhood experiences and chronic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity. Stress. 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/10253890.2015.1023791.","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"2230_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.6484","author":"ND Spector","year":"2019","unstructured":"Spector ND, Overholser B. Examining gender disparity in medicine and setting a course forward. JAMA Netw Open. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.6484.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2230_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-020-00308-7","author":"MO Kelifa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kelifa MO, Yang Y, Carly H, et al. How adverse childhood experiences relate to subjective wellbeing in college students: the role of resilience and depression. J Happiness Stud. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10902-020-00308-7.","journal-title":"J Happiness Stud"},{"key":"2230_CR17","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Handbook of child psychology and developmental science","author":"SS Luthar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Luthar SS, Crossman EJ, Small PJ. Resilience and adversity. In: Lerner RM, Lamb ME, editors. Handbook of child psychology and developmental science. New York: Wiley; 2015. p. 1\u20134."},{"key":"2230_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10964","DOI":"10.15766\/mep_2374-8265.10964","volume":"16","author":"E Onigu-Otite","year":"2020","unstructured":"Onigu-Otite E, Idicula S. Introducing ACEs (Adverse Childhood Experiences) and resilience to first-year medical students. MedEdPORTAL. 2020;16:10964.","journal-title":"MedEdPORTAL"},{"key":"2230_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.04.007","author":"LM Korotana","year":"2016","unstructured":"Korotana LM, Dobson KS, Pusch D, Josephson TA. A review of primary care interventions to improve health outcomes in adult survivors of adverse childhood experiences. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.04.007.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2230_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.62547\/GTPT8844","author":"F Julien-Chinn","year":"2024","unstructured":"Julien-Chinn F, Carpenter DA, Masuda C, Seabury AAA, Maldonado F, Mau MKLM. Building resilience in medical students: \u201cStrengthening You to Strengthen Them.\u201d Hawai\u2019i J Health Soc Welf. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62547\/GTPT8844.","journal-title":"Hawai'i J Health Soc Welf"},{"key":"2230_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10775595211004783","author":"J Purtle","year":"2022","unstructured":"Purtle J, Nelson KL, Gollust SE. Public opinion about adverse childhood experiences: social stigma, attribution of blame, and government intervention. Child Maltreat. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10775595211004783.","journal-title":"Child Maltreat"},{"key":"2230_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21122","author":"S Madigan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Madigan S, Deneault AA, Racine N, Park J, Thiemann R, Zhu J, et al. Adverse childhood experiences: a meta-analysis of prevalence and moderators among half a million adults in 206 studies. World Psychiatry. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wps.21122.","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"2230_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1947-2714.177299","author":"J Fares","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fares J, Al Tabosh H, Saadeddin Z, El Mouhayyar C, Aridi H. Stress, burnout and coping strategies in preclinical medical students. N Am J Med Sci. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1947-2714.177299.","journal-title":"N Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2230_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-019-1912-4","author":"YK Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin YK, Lin CD, Lin BYJ, et al. Medical students\u2019 resilience: a protective role on stress and quality of life in clerkship. BMC Med Educ. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-019-1912-4.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"2230_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265869","author":"S Langness","year":"2022","unstructured":"Langness S, Rajapuram N, Marshall M, Rahman AS, Sammann A. Risk factors associated with student distress in medical school: associations with faculty support and availability of wellbeing resources. PLoS ONE. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0265869.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2230_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.17324","author":"LS Rotenstein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rotenstein LS, Ramos MA, Torre M, Segal JB, Peluso MJ, Guille C, et al. Prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation among medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.17324.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2230_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40596-021-01560-6","author":"HR Blickenstaff","year":"2022","unstructured":"Blickenstaff HR, Bastin TJ, Byram JN. Exploring resilience factors in medical students with Adverse Childhood Experiences: a pilot study. Acad Psychiatry: J Am Assoc Dir Psychiatr Residency Train Assoc Acad Psychiatr. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40596-021-01560-6.","journal-title":"Acad Psychiatry: J Am Assoc Dir Psychiatr Residency Train Assoc Acad Psychiatr"}],"container-title":["Academic Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40596-025-02230-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40596-025-02230-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40596-025-02230-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T16:32:24Z","timestamp":1771518744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40596-025-02230-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40596-025-02230-7","relation":{"references":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1056\/NEJMsr2028487","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1042-9670","1545-7230"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-9670","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-7230","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}}]}}