{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:28:03Z","timestamp":1786123683933,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the content and structure of OCD-specific training within United States osteopathic (D.O.) and allopathic (M.D.) medical schools. Although many physicians encounter patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in clinical practice, limited familiarity with the full range of OCD presentations, including typical and atypical forms, may contribute to misdiagnosis and delays in accurate diagnosis and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respondents from 35 of the 154 (22.73%) medical schools within the United States (28 (80%) allopathic, 7 (20%) osteopathic schools) completed a survey assessing demographics, school information, and OCD-focused training within medical school curriculums. Descriptives were gathered to characterize the level of training experience and type of training, and information provided throughout pre-clinical and clinical training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Length of OCD-specific training varied among schools, with an average of 1.79\u00a0h total (standard deviation\u2009=\u20091.18\u00a0h). Few schools had faculty members or elective coursework and rotations specific to OCD training and education. Content covered was variable; for example, contamination was the most frequently taught (91.4%) while responsibility for harm was the least frequently taught (48.6%). The concept of ego-dystonia in OCD was taught in most medical schools (75.8%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While many medical schools contain basic education and training on OCD, there are significant gaps in training that may contribute to delays in diagnosis or even cases of misdiagnosis. Addressing these gaps in training could improve the diagnosis and treatment of OCD within clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40596-026-02360-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T17:44:27Z","timestamp":1778694267000},"page":"427-431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Obsessive-Compulsive Training Experiences in United States (US) Medical School Education Programs"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Carlos","family":"Valenzuela-Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanne","family":"Maduka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan C.","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana E.","family":"Avery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah C.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gian","family":"DePamphilis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan M.","family":"Dailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin M.","family":"Pinciotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Wiese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne K.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Storch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2360_CR1","unstructured":"What is are obsessive-compulsive and related disorders? 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OCD taboo thoughts and stigmatizing attitudes in clinicians. Community Ment Health J. 2017;53(3):275\u201380.","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J"},{"issue":"13","key":"2360_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.2200","volume":"317","author":"ME Hirschtritt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hirschtritt ME, Bloch MH, Mathews CA. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: advances in diagnosis and treatment. 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The corresponding author can be contacted to obtain a copy of the questionnaire.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"We confirm that any aspect of the work covered in this manuscript that has involved human subjects has been conducted with the ethical approval of the Baylor College of Medicine Institutional Review Board.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Dr. Goodman receives royalties from Nview, LLC and OCDscales, LLC. Dr. Storch reports receiving research funding to his institution from the International OCD Foundation, and NIH. He was a consultant for Brainsway and Biohaven Pharmaceuticals in the past 36\u00a0months. He owns stock less than $5000 in NView (for distribution of the Y-BOCS and CY-BOCS)\u00a0and receives royalties from OCDscales, LLC. He receives direct compensation from the IOCDF and MHNTI for providing trainings on psychotherapy for OCD. He receives book royalties from Elsevier, Wiley, Oxford, American Psychological Association, Guildford, Springer, Routledge, and Jessica Kingsley.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Disclosures","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}